nadirn.

Brit.

/ˈneɪdɪə/, U.S.

/ˈneɪdər/,

/ˈneɪˌdɪ(ə)r/

Forms: Middle English nadair, Middle English naddyr, Middle English 1600s nader, Middle English 1600s 1800s nadyr, Middle English– nadir.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French nadir; Latin nadir.

Etymology: Partly < Middle French nadir point opposite the sun (c1366 as nador ), point opposite the zenith (1558), and partly < post-classical Latin nadir point opposite the sun (a1050 as nadair ; from c1230 in British sources), representation of the nadir on an astrolabe (early 14th cent. in a British source), lowest point (late 14th cent. in British sources), both < Arabic naẓīr opposite to, over against (also used as noun). In sense 2 used elliptically for Arabic naẓīr as-samt ‘opposite to the zenith’. Compare Italian nadir (a1313), Spanish nadir (1515), Portuguese nadir (17th cent.).

1. Astronomy. A point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite to some other point, esp. the sun. Also: a representation of such a point on an astrolabe. Now chiefly poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > opposite point > anti-sun

nadirc1392

anti-sun1902

c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 36 (MED) Wher as thy blake thred keruyth the cercle defferent of the mone, in that same hole is the centre defferent..& in the nadyr of this hole is the centre equant.

a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe ii. §6 13 The nader of the sonne is thilke degre that is opposyt to the degre of the sonne.

a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe ii. §36 22 The begynnyng of the 7 hous is nader of the ascendent, and the begynnyng of the 8 hous is nader of the 2 hous.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 490 In what bright starrie Signe, th' Almighty dread, Dayes Princely Planet daily billeted; In which his Nadir is.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Sun's Nadir, is the Axis of the Cone projected by the Shadow of the Earth; thus call'd, in regard that Axis being prolonged, gives a Point in the Ecliptic diametrically opposite to the Sun.

1743 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 583/1 The Point of Ingress was extremely near the Sun's Nadir.

1893 R. Garnett Poems 88 Some day..deep sunken as the Nadir's sun.

1922 T. Hardy Late Lyrics & Earlier 279 I wayfared at the nadir of the sun.

1960 J. Joseph Unlooked-for Season 13 Standing I see reflected Small sun at the Nadir.

a. Astronomy. The point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite to the zenith, and directly below the observer.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > opposite point > nadir

nadir1496

imum coeli1585

1496 Epit. Iaspar Late Duke of Beddeforde (Pynson) sig. av Creatures more maddyr In erthe none wandreth atwene senit & naddyr.

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 40 Nadir [under the figure of the globe].

1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 6 Above C. let Zenith be written, beneath D. Nadir.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. v. 103 If the earth..be placed neere the Nadir or midnight point, they will appeare greater in the East or West.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Zenith The Nadir is the Zenith to our Antipodes; as our Zenith is the Nadir to them.

1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. i, in Lamia & Other Poems 161 From the nadir deep Up to the zenith.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 347 in Idylls of King May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 584/1 Great circles through the zenith and nadir are vertical circles.

1995 Sky & Telescope May 101 (caption) Another Nielsen photograph reveals a complex solar display, with a circumscribed halo and Sun pillars pointing to zenith and nadir.

†b. A point directly beneath an object; nadir to: directly beneath. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > low position > low down in or on [preposition] > under

underc888

underneathc893

anunderOE

aneathc1550

'neatha1582

nadir to1625

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. vi. 150 The Nadir directly vnder our foote, and therefore may be called the Pedall point.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 5 Note, that only then, when wee are Nadyr to the Sunne, we haue no shadow.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 43 Mvskat, is a Citie..almost Nadyr to the crabbed Tropique.

3. Extended uses.

a. The lowest or worst point (of something); the place or time of greatest depression, degradation, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > lowest point

nadir1793

bottom rock1810

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition > low condition or low point > lowest point

low tide1608

low-water mark1651

falla1662

perigee1662

low point1749

bathos1759

nadir1793

pessimism1794

zero1821

bed-rock1883

rock-bottom1885

ultima Thule1976

the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > least quantity or amount > lowest point or degree

gamut1675

nadir1793

zero1821

rock-bottom1885

1627 J. Donne Serm. Acts vii. 60 (1661) 214 Gods suffering for man was the Nadir the lowest point of Gods humiliation, mans suffering for God is the Zenith, the highest point of mans exaltation.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 408 [Humility] hath a Nadir beneath it, a lower point in another Heaven.

1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer i. i. 3 You shall Command me from the Zenith to the Nadir.

1793 H. Walpole Let. to Mrs. H. More in Wks. (1846) VI. 496 The nadir of contempt.

1814 Sortes Horatianæ 63 The black-letter of antiquity..has now, I think, reached its nadir point.

1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. i. 5 The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe.

1862 G. M. Hopkins Let. 3 Sept. in Times Lit. Suppl. (1948) 25 Sept. 548/2 Alien from yours as heaven from Nadir-fires.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 221 The Jewish and the heathen world, each at the nadir of their degradation and impiety.

1918 E. Pound Hugues Salel in Sel. Lett. Ezra Pound (1968) 250 The nadir of Homeric translation is reached by the Leaf-Lang prose.

1944 ‘Palinurus’ Unquiet Grave ii. 53 The low tide and nadir of hope about 2 a.m. to 4.

1993 Harper's Mag. Feb. 23/1 The poverty rate for those over the age of sixty-five fell from 35 percent in 1959 to 25 percent in 1970 to a nadir of 11 percent in 1989.

b. Medicine. A minimum value of a varying or fluctuating quantity.

ΚΠ

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 4 Apr. 753/2 The data analyzed comprised mean pressure, amplitudes of ‘a’ wave and ‘v’ peak, amplitudes from ‘v’ peak to ‘y’ nadir and maximal slope of v/y descent.

1979 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Dec. 1544/2 The mean (± SE of mean) nadir in blood glucose concentrations was 1.9 ± 0.1 mmol/1.

1997 Breast Cancer Res. 45 193 There is a sharp peak at 18 months, a nadir at 50 months and a broad peak at 60 months.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nadir
释义	nadirn. Brit. /ˈneɪdɪə/, U.S. /ˈneɪdər/, /ˈneɪˌdɪ(ə)r/ Forms: Middle English nadair, Middle English naddyr, Middle English 1600s nader, Middle English 1600s 1800s nadyr, Middle English– nadir. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French nadir; Latin nadir. Etymology: Partly < Middle French nadir point opposite the sun (c1366 as nador ), point opposite the zenith (1558), and partly < post-classical Latin nadir point opposite the sun (a1050 as nadair ; from c1230 in British sources), representation of the nadir on an astrolabe (early 14th cent. in a British source), lowest point (late 14th cent. in British sources), both < Arabic naẓīr opposite to, over against (also used as noun). In sense 2 used elliptically for Arabic naẓīr as-samt ‘opposite to the zenith’. Compare Italian nadir (a1313), Spanish nadir (1515), Portuguese nadir (17th cent.). 1. Astronomy. A point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite to some other point, esp. the sun. Also: a representation of such a point on an astrolabe. Now chiefly poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > opposite point > anti-sun nadirc1392 anti-sun1902 c1392 Equatorie of Planetis 36 (MED) Wher as thy blake thred keruyth the cercle defferent of the mone, in that same hole is the centre defferent..& in the nadyr of this hole is the centre equant. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe ii. §6 13 The nader of the sonne is thilke degre that is opposyt to the degre of the sonne. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe ii. §36 22 The begynnyng of the 7 hous is nader of the ascendent, and the begynnyng of the 8 hous is nader of the 2 hous. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 490 In what bright starrie Signe, th' Almighty dread, Dayes Princely Planet daily billeted; In which his Nadir is. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Sun's Nadir, is the Axis of the Cone projected by the Shadow of the Earth; thus call'd, in regard that Axis being prolonged, gives a Point in the Ecliptic diametrically opposite to the Sun. 1743 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 583/1 The Point of Ingress was extremely near the Sun's Nadir. 1893 R. Garnett Poems 88 Some day..deep sunken as the Nadir's sun. 1922 T. Hardy Late Lyrics & Earlier 279 I wayfared at the nadir of the sun. 1960 J. Joseph Unlooked-for Season 13 Standing I see reflected Small sun at the Nadir. 2. a. Astronomy. The point on the celestial sphere diametrically opposite to the zenith, and directly below the observer. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > [noun] > opposite point > nadir nadir1496 imum coeli1585 1496 Epit. Iaspar Late Duke of Beddeforde (Pynson) sig. av Creatures more maddyr In erthe none wandreth atwene senit & naddyr. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 40 Nadir [under the figure of the globe]. 1593 T. Fale Horologiographia f. 6 Above C. let Zenith be written, beneath D. Nadir. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. v. 103 If the earth..be placed neere the Nadir or midnight point, they will appeare greater in the East or West. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Zenith The Nadir is the Zenith to our Antipodes; as our Zenith is the Nadir to them. 1820 J. Keats Hyperion: a Fragm. i, in Lamia & Other Poems 161 From the nadir deep Up to the zenith. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 347 in Idylls of King May this hard earth cleave to the Nadir hell. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) II. 584/1 Great circles through the zenith and nadir are vertical circles. 1995 Sky & Telescope May 101 (caption) Another Nielsen photograph reveals a complex solar display, with a circumscribed halo and Sun pillars pointing to zenith and nadir. †b. A point directly beneath an object; nadir to: directly beneath. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > low position > low down in or on [preposition] > under underc888 underneathc893 anunderOE aneathc1550 'neatha1582 nadir to1625 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. vi. 150 The Nadir directly vnder our foote, and therefore may be called the Pedall point. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 5 Note, that only then, when wee are Nadyr to the Sunne, we haue no shadow. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 43 Mvskat, is a Citie..almost Nadyr to the crabbed Tropique. 3. Extended uses. a. The lowest or worst point (of something); the place or time of greatest depression, degradation, etc. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > lowest point nadir1793 bottom rock1810 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition > low condition or low point > lowest point low tide1608 low-water mark1651 falla1662 perigee1662 low point1749 bathos1759 nadir1793 pessimism1794 zero1821 bed-rock1883 rock-bottom1885 ultima Thule1976 the world > relative properties > quantity > smallness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > least quantity or amount > lowest point or degree gamut1675 nadir1793 zero1821 rock-bottom1885 1627 J. Donne Serm. Acts vii. 60 (1661) 214 Gods suffering for man was the Nadir the lowest point of Gods humiliation, mans suffering for God is the Zenith, the highest point of mans exaltation. a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 408 [Humility] hath a Nadir beneath it, a lower point in another Heaven. 1694 W. Congreve Double-dealer i. i. 3 You shall Command me from the Zenith to the Nadir. 1793 H. Walpole Let. to Mrs. H. More in Wks. (1846) VI. 496 The nadir of contempt. 1814 Sortes Horatianæ 63 The black-letter of antiquity..has now, I think, reached its nadir point. 1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. i. 5 The seventh century is the nadir of the human mind in Europe. 1862 G. M. Hopkins Let. 3 Sept. in Times Lit. Suppl. (1948) 25 Sept. 548/2 Alien from yours as heaven from Nadir-fires. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 221 The Jewish and the heathen world, each at the nadir of their degradation and impiety. 1918 E. Pound Hugues Salel in Sel. Lett. Ezra Pound (1968) 250 The nadir of Homeric translation is reached by the Leaf-Lang prose. 1944 ‘Palinurus’ Unquiet Grave ii. 53 The low tide and nadir of hope about 2 a.m. to 4. 1993 Harper's Mag. Feb. 23/1 The poverty rate for those over the age of sixty-five fell from 35 percent in 1959 to 25 percent in 1970 to a nadir of 11 percent in 1989. b. Medicine. A minimum value of a varying or fluctuating quantity. ΚΠ 1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 4 Apr. 753/2 The data analyzed comprised mean pressure, amplitudes of ‘a’ wave and ‘v’ peak, amplitudes from ‘v’ peak to ‘y’ nadir and maximal slope of v/y descent. 1979 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Dec. 1544/2 The mean (± SE of mean) nadir in blood glucose concentrations was 1.9 ± 0.1 mmol/1. 1997 Breast Cancer Res. 45 193 There is a sharp peak at 18 months, a nadir at 50 months and a broad peak at 60 months. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1392
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