murrainn.adj.adv.

Brit.

/ˈmʌrᵻn/,

/ˈmʌrn̩/,

/ˈmʌreɪn/, U.S.

/ˈmərən/

Forms: Middle English moran, Middle English morayne, Middle English moreine, Middle English moren, Middle English moreygne, Middle English moreyn, Middle English muran, Middle English–1500s morein, Middle English–1500s moreyne, Middle English–1500s morreyn, Middle English–1500s moryn, Middle English–1500s moryne, Middle English–1500s murreyne, 1500s morin, 1500s moringe, 1500s morion, 1500s morraine, 1500s morreine, 1500s morreyne, 1500s moryan, 1500s moryen, 1500s mourine, 1500s mureyne, 1500s murrayne, 1500s murrein, 1500s murriane, 1500s murryn, 1500s murryon, 1500s muryn, 1500s–1600s moraine, 1500s–1600s murraine, 1500s–1600s murrian, 1500s–1600s murrin, 1500s–1600s murrion, 1500s–1700s murren, 1600s murain, 1600s murreing, 1600s myrren, 1600s– murrain; also Welsh English (Pembrokeshire) 1900s– murrin'.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French morine.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman morine, mourine, moreyn, murine, murin plague, pestilence, cattle disease, mortality, mortal remains, and Middle French morine plague, epidemic (c1180 in Old French), animal that has died of disease (1260), probably ultimately < classical Latin morī to die (see morient adj.). Compare post-classical Latin morina plague or murrain affecting cattle or sheep (from 1192 in British sources), plague or murrain affecting humans (from late 13th cent. in British sources), Spanish morriña (1734), Portuguese morrinha cattle plague (1701).Compare also Old French morie death (13th cent.), mourie flesh of animals that have died of disease (1296; Middle French murie (1381)), Old Occitan moria death (c1200–15), plague (13thth centuries), Italian morìa plague (1444; from French or Occitan); perhaps compare also morkin n.¹ N.E.D. (1908) gives only the pronunciation (mɒ·rėn) /ˈmʌrɪn/.

A. n.

†1.

a. The flesh of animals that have died of disease (also flesh of murrain). More generally: dead flesh, carrion. Obsolete.In quot. 1632 used as a term of contempt for a person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun]

lichc893

dust?a1000

holdc1000

bonesOE

stiff onea1200

bodyc1225

carrion?c1225

licham?c1225

worms' food or ware?c1225

corsec1250

ashc1275

corpsec1315

carcass1340

murraina1382

relicsa1398

ghostc1400

wormes warec1400

corpusc1440

scadc1440

reliefc1449

martc1480

cadaverc1500

mortc1500

tramort?a1513

hearse1530

bulk1575

offal1581

trunk1594

cadaverie1600

relicts1607

remains1610

mummya1616

relic1636

cold meat1788

mortality1827

death bone1834

deader1853

stiff1859

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > murrain

orf-qualmOE

murraina1382

hasty1683

rinderpest1828

steppe-murrain1865

cattle-plague1866

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > flesh > of dead animal > that died of disease

murrainc1610

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. vii. 33 & ben shal þe moreyn [a1425 L.V. deed careyn; L. morticinum] of þis puple in to mete to þe foulis of heuene & to bestes of erþe.

c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 145 Also wele kepe hem alle the bochieres..that non of hem shewe to sellyn flessh of morreyn [Fr. chars de morine], stynkkyng, ne corrupt.

a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 25 We commaund þat no bocher sell noo beestis of moren, ne no roten Schep.

c1610 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 15 That he bring no rotten flesh, no myrren, no sufferers, but lawful and wholesome for man's body.

1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. G If our fresh wits cannot turne the plots Of such a mouldy murrion on it selfe.

b. Death, mortality, esp. by infectious disease or pestilence; (occasionally) slaughter. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life

walc900

qualeeOE

qualmOE

mortc1330

murraina1387

loss of lifec1405

mortality?a1425

megadeath1953

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun]

sleightc893

wal-slaught?a900

qualeeOE

deathOE

swordc1000

morthOE

slaughta1225

destroyingc1300

drepingc1300

martyrdomc1325

murderc1325

mortc1330

sleighterc1330

slaughter1338

iron and firea1387

murraina1387

manslaughtera1400

martyre?a1400

quella1425

occision?a1430

decease1513

destruction1526

slaughting1535

butchery?1536

butchering1572

massacrea1578

slaughterdom1592

slaughtering1597

carnage1600

massacring1600

slaughtery1604

internecion1610

decimationa1613

destroy1616

trucidation1623

stragea1632

sword-wrack1646

interemption1656

carnifice1657

panolethry1668

butcher work1808

bloodbath1814

populicide1824

man-slaughtering1851

battue1864

mass murder1917

genocide1944

overkill1957

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 387 (MED) Beda..seiþ: Pestilens of moreyn [L. Clades mortalitatis] bare doun Hibernia.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 5708 (MED) Ector..cleff Gregeis as men do swyn, He made of hem gret moryn.

c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 75 (MED) For hunger pepyle yetyn houndys, cattys, and horse, for be fore there was grete morayne of bestys, of oxyn, kyne, and shippe.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 246/1 Moreyne dethe, mortalité; mourine.

1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. xviii. sig. Ev^v The Atheniences beynge consumed wyth warres, and morayne of people, to augment ye citie, decreed that euery man shulde haue two wyues.

a1632 T. Taylor God's Judgem. (1642) i. ii. xl. 303 By the murraine of men by pestilence..the tillage of the earth was put off.

2. Now somewhat archaic.

a. Infectious disease, plague, pestilence; an epidemic of such disease, a plague. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun]

manqualmeOE

deathOE

starveOE

woundc1369

pestilencea1382

murraina1387

mortality?a1425

plaguea1475

pest1479

cladec1480

traik1513

mortalness1530

pestility1570

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 241 (MED) And afterward come a moreyn vppon þe oost, so þat bestes and foules folowede þe oost by smel of dede.

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 1369 (MED) Yn Rome fyl a grete moreyne [v.rr. moryne, moreyn], A pestelens of men.

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 15689 What for moreyne [a1450 Lamb. moryne], what for dere, fo þer were þat myght lyue here.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 4089 (MED) That caused a ful gret pestilence..Nih al his peeple was slayn in that moreyn.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) i. 1 Moryn or manqualm..that nerand corompis all men.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxvij^v Famyn and pestilence or a morreyn wherof the people died in euery place.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 265 b There be many noble men..that are not coathed as yet with this Lutheran moraine.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 161 A murren, procured..by Iewish exorcismes intending a plague to the men.

1670 J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Trilinguis 72 Others contagious (catching), as any common murrian; others torment by heat and cold, as the fit of a feaver.

1829 J. Cottle Malvern Hills I. 58 Whether some town be sack'd,..the murrain spread, Or earthquake shake a Lisbon to the dust, He heeds it not.

1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. lii. 48 My own idea that a murrain will shortly break out in the commercial class..has been called an unsound use of analogy.

1901 J. Barlow Ghost-bereft 140 There's mischief brewing, murrain or storm or blight.

1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor iv. 800 His problems with privateers in the Bay..and various murrains and epidemics.

1972 I. Baker Grave Doubt xi. 150 I was laid low with this wretched murrain.

2005 D. Stone Decision-making in Medieval Agric. iii. 66 Livestock numbers were extremely low following the animal murrains of 1319-21.

b. In imprecations invoking pestilence or misfortune upon a person or thing, as murrain on (also of, meet) them (also him, it, etc.), etc. Also emphatically in exclamations of anger, astonishment, or contemptuous dismissal, as go with a murrain, what a (also the) murrain, how a murrain.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations

murrainc1400

devil's paternosterc1405

back-pater-noster1561

the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations

woeOE

dahetc1290

confoundc1330

foul (also shame) fall ——c1330

sorrow on——c1330

in the wanianda1352

wildfirea1375

evil theedomc1386

a pestilence on (also upon)c1390

woe betide you (also him, her, etc.)c1390

maldathaita1400

murrainc1400

out ona1415

in the wild waning worldc1485

vengeance?a1500

in a wanion1549

with a wanion1549

woe worth1553

a plague on——a1566

with a wanion to?c1570

with a wanyand1570

bot1584

maugre1590

poxa1592

death1593

rot1594

rot on1595

cancro1597

pax1604

pize on (also upon)1605

vild1605

peascod1606

cargo1607

confusion1608

perditiona1616

(a) pest upon1632

deuce1651

stap my vitals1697

strike me blind, dumb, lucky (if, but—)1697

stop my vitals1699

split me (or my windpipe)1700

rabbit1701

consume1756

capot me!1760

nick me!1760

weary set1788

rats1816

bad cess to1859

curse1885

hanged1887

buggeration1964

the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > exclamation expressing anger [interjection]

what a (also the) murrainc1560

go with a murrain1573

how a murrain1575

twish1577

highty-tighty1699

pilule1889

zut1915

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxi. 226 (MED) For til moreyne mete with ous..Ne wot no whight..what is ynowh to mene.

1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Biiii^v A myller wyth a moryn and a myschyefe who wolde be a myller as good be a thefe.

c1560 T. Ingelend Disobedient Child C j What a Murryn I say, what a noyse doest thou make?

1573 C. Hollyband French Schoole-maister 130 Is that thy receite? go, go with a morion, I know that above ten yeeres a go.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. iii. sig. Aiii^v How a murryon came this chaunce.

?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 186 A moringe lighte one that foules face of thine.

1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe iv. sig. F2^v Luce. Who am I? Tent. What the Murrion care I who you are.

1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iii. sig. G A murren meete 'em.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 19 A red murrion ath thy Iades trickes.

1611 Tarlton's Jests (1866) 192 A murren of that face.

1624 R. Davenport City Night-cap (1661) iv. 36 Marry come up with a murren, from whence came you tro, ha?

1693 J. Dennis Miscellanies 25 Then says the Carter, what a Murrain Ails thee? What makes thre keep this stir in Such civil company as thou'rt in?

1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. i What the murrain have they to do with quality?

1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 113. ⁋3 At last, with a Murrain to her, she cast her bewitching Eye upon me.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. i. 19 ‘A murrain take thee,’ rejoined the swine-herd.

1897 W. Beatty Secretar 402 We are beaten, and weel beaten too—a murrain tak' them.

1905 J. W. Whitbread Sarsfield (1986) ii. iii. 59 A murrain on him for a meddling, interfering coxcomb!

1938 M. Gervaise Distance Enchanted vii. 120 A murrain on Aunt Millicent! Still, she will do as ‘copy’ for a villainess in your novel!

1961 O. Nash Coll. Verse 35 A murrain on every bridesmaid and every usher! I hope they all get spattered with oil from a gusher!

a. Any virulent infectious disease of cattle or other livestock, such as anthrax, rinderpest, or babesiosis (redwater fever). Now chiefly historical.steppe-, water-murrain, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle

murrainc1450

gall1577

gargyse1577

sprenges1577

wisp1577

closh1587

milting1587

moltlong1587

hammer1600

mallet1600

scurvy1604

wither1648

speed1704

nostril dropping1708

bladdera1722

heartsick1725

throstling1726

striking1776

feather-cling1799

hollow-horn1805

weed1811

blood striking1815

the slows1822

toad-bit1825

coast-fever1840

horn-distemper1843

rat's tail1847

whethering1847

milk fever1860

milt-sickness1867

pearl tumour1872

actinomycosis1877

pearl disease1877

rat-tail1880

lumpy jaw1891

niatism1895

cripple1897

rumenitis1897

Rhodesian fever1903

reticulitis1905

barbone1907

contagious abortion1910

trichomoniasis1915

shipping fever1932

New Forest disease1954

bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987

BSE1987

mad cow disease1988

East Coast fever2009

c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 1755 Moran was ouer þer catell kast, on schepe, swyn, oxe and asse.

a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 144 In þat same ȝere was grete moreyn of bestis..It regned most in oxen.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 101 (MED) My shepe haue I tynde by the moren full euen.

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. D^v Why lose we our sede, our labour, and expence Where cometh moryen, and greuous pestylence.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 129^v The Pestilence, or Murraine, is a common name, but there are diuers kindes of it.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 245 The next year was calamitous, bringing strange fluxes upon men, and murren upon Cattel.

1715 S. Garth Claremont 162 In fillets bound, a hallow'd band Taught how to tend the flocks,..Could tell what murrains in what months begun, And how the seasons travell'd with the Sun.

1758 R. Brown Compl. Farmer (1759) 28 For the Garget, Plague, or Murrain in Bulls, Cows or Oxen.

1768 J. Frere Let. 1 Apr. in John Norton & Sons (1968) 43 We..were so unlucky to loose several of the best by their accidentally eating the Carcase of a Hog that died of the Murrain.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 145 The early stage even of murrain is one of fever.

1874 A. Austin Tower of Babel i. iii. 32 When did prayer keep the murrain from our herds, Or once avert the vultures?

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 396/2 In 1865 the rinderpest, or steppe murrain, originating amongst the vast herds of the Russian steppes, had spread westwards.

1925 J. R. Arnold Hides & Skins v. 93 The disease known variously as Texas fever, tick fever, splenetic fever, and murrain.

1989 E. Dunlop Valley of Deer xi. 67 There had been a bad outbreak of murrain—cattle-fever—in the Valley, and the animals were dying by the score.

b. In extended use, applied to infectious diseases of poultry, crops, etc.potato murrain: see potato n.

ΚΠ

1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 130 The murrain among bees is very rare.

1704 T. Cave Let. 15 Oct. in M. M. Verney Verney Lett. (1930) I. xiii. 220 That Envious Distemper called the Murren, which came by their [sc. hounds] eating a Dead Horse that died of it.

1817 Sporting Mag. 50 261 The roup, the gargut and the murrain, are terms often applied indiscriminately to the diseases of fowls.

1880 B. Disraeli Endymion III. xiv. 141 A murrain had fallen over the whole of the potato crops in England.

1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. xliii. 97 A bleak spring, which had blighted the fruit-blossoms and spread a murrain.

1925 B. Beetham in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 164 I had to arrange for a murrain (a form of cervical hæmorrhage) to fall upon the birds during the night.

1987 ‘A. T. Ellis’ Clothes in Wardrobe (1989) (BNC) 90 I believed that a murrain would fall on the hens that he kept on his house-top.

†4. A green-salted animal hide of inferior quality. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1542–3 in D. W. Crossley Sidney Ironworks Accts. 1541–73 (1975) 49 Item for iiii Mureyne skynnes ix s. Item for xx Calf Skynnes v s iiii d.

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1275/1 In green-salted hides and skins, those weighing..14 to 25 pounds, if plump, [are called]_kip, but if thin and poor are called runners or murrains.

†B. adj.

Disagreeable, foul, contemptible; = plaguey adj. 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [adjective]

blackOE

rotea1382

lousyc1386

unwashed?a1390

fulsomec1390

filthy?c1400

rankc1400

leprousa1425

sicka1425

miry1532

shitten?1545

murrain1575

obscene1597

vicious1597

ketty1607

putrid1628

putredinous1641

foede1657

fulsamic1694

carrion1826

foul1842

shitty1879

scabrous1880

scummy1932

pukey1933

shitting1950

gungy1962

grungy1965

shithouse1966

grot1967

bogging1973

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious

angeeOE

swinkfuleOE

plightlyOE

teenfulOE

contrariousc1320

drefa1325

troublinga1325

despitousa1340

thornya1340

discomfortablec1350

troublablec1374

noyousa1382

noyfulc1384

diseasy1387

angrya1393

painful1395

hackinga1400

annoying?c1400

annoyousc1400

cumbrousc1400

teenc1400

annoyfulc1405

sputousc1420

diseasefula1425

molest?a1425

noying?a1425

noisomea1450

grievingc1450

tedious?1454

troublous1463

noisantc1475

displeasant1481

strouble1488

nuisant1494

noyanta1500

irksome1513

sturting1513

molestious1524

vexatious1534

cumbersome1535

uncommodious1541

spiteful1548

vexing?1548

incommodious1551

molestous1555

diseasing1558

grating1563

pestilent1565

sturtsome1570

molestuousa1572

troublesome1573

murrain1575

discommodable1579

galling1583

spiny1586

unsupportable1586

troubleful1588

plaguey1594

distressingc1595

molestful1596

molesting1598

vexful1598

fretful1603

briery1604

bemadding1608

mortifying1611

tiry1611

distressfula1616

irking1629

angersome1649

disobliging1652

discomforting1654

incomfortable1655

incommode1672

ruffling1680

unconvenient1683

pestifying1716

trying1718

offending1726

bothering1765

pesky1775

weary1785

sturty1788

unaccommodating1790

tiresome1798

werriting1808

bothersome1817

plaguesome1828

pestilential1833

fretsome1834

languorous1834

pesty1834

pestersome1843

nettlesome1845

miserable1850

niggling1854

distempering1855

be-maddeninga1861

nattery1873

nagging1883

pestiferous1890

trouble-giving1893

maddening1896

molestive1905

nuisancy1906

balls-aching?1912

nuisance1922

nattering1949

noodgy1969

dickheaded1991

dickish1991

cockish1996

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme > specifically of something bad or reprobated

woefula1400

mortalc1425

preciousc1475

fine1559

trim1569

gay1581

unconscionable1590

pocky1601

abominable1612

fearful1634

handsome1638

plaguey1694

dreadful1700

awfy1724

murrain1728

diabolical1750

deuced1782

dire1836

sinful1863

sodding1881

blooming1882

flaming1895

ruddy1896

abysmal1904

awful1916

hellishing1927

right1958

steaming1962

schwag1993

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iii. iv. sig. Ciiii^v Ich know thars not..A muryner Cat than Gyb is, betwixt the tems and Tyne.

1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xii. xxxiv. 91 Thou foule and murren lyer.

1678 T. Duffett Psyche Debauch'd i. ii. 38 There vore lets squot, and leave theez murrin Jaunts.

1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband i. i. 17 My Lady was in such murrain haste to be here, that set out she would.

†C. adv.

As an intensifier: exceedingly, excessively, confoundedly. Cf. murrainly adv. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad

sorea1300

grievously1340

terrible1490

beastly?1518

shrewdlyc1533

arrantly?1548

murrainly?1548

abominablea1550

pestilence1567

pestilently1567

cursedly1570

pestiferously1570

murrain1575

plaguey1584

plaguilya1586

grievous1598

scandalously1602

horridly1603

terribly1604

monstrously1611

hellish1614

dreadfullya1616

horrid1615

pestilenta1616

infernally1638

preposterously1661

woeful1684

confoundedly1694

confounded1709

glaringly1709

cursed1719

flagrantly1756

weary1790

disgustingly1804

filthy1827

blamed1833

peskily1833

pesky1833

blame1843

blasted1854

wickedly1858

blatantly1878

shamelessly1885

disgracefully1893

ruddy1913

bastarda1935

pissing1951

sodding1954

pissingly1971

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. iv. sig. Ci^v It is a murrion crafty drab, and froward to be pleased.

a1663 Viscount Falkland Mariage Night (1664) iii. 25 That same's a murrain wise boy, if you mark him.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

murrain cattle n.

ΚΠ

1902 Westm. Gaz. 1 May 8/2 Tuberculous people and murrain cattle.

† murrain flock n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 97 Crowes are fatted with the murrion flocke .

murrain sheep n.

ΚΠ

c1490 W. Caxton Rule St. Benet aa viij b They shall departe from the congregacyon, leest that suche a moreyne shepe empoysen and enfecte the residue of y^e flocke.

1858 T. H. Chivers Sons of Usna iv. viii. 63 They lie, scattered around, like murrain sheep, Whitening the earth with their gashed carcasses!

C2. Instrumental.

murrain-rotted adj.

ΚΠ

1899 H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne xix. 243 Clear the pens of yond murrain-rotted ewes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	murrain
释义	murrainn.adj.adv. Brit. /ˈmʌrᵻn/, /ˈmʌrn̩/, /ˈmʌreɪn/, U.S. /ˈmərən/ Forms: Middle English moran, Middle English morayne, Middle English moreine, Middle English moren, Middle English moreygne, Middle English moreyn, Middle English muran, Middle English–1500s morein, Middle English–1500s moreyne, Middle English–1500s morreyn, Middle English–1500s moryn, Middle English–1500s moryne, Middle English–1500s murreyne, 1500s morin, 1500s moringe, 1500s morion, 1500s morraine, 1500s morreine, 1500s morreyne, 1500s moryan, 1500s moryen, 1500s mourine, 1500s mureyne, 1500s murrayne, 1500s murrein, 1500s murriane, 1500s murryn, 1500s murryon, 1500s muryn, 1500s–1600s moraine, 1500s–1600s murraine, 1500s–1600s murrian, 1500s–1600s murrin, 1500s–1600s murrion, 1500s–1700s murren, 1600s murain, 1600s murreing, 1600s myrren, 1600s– murrain; also Welsh English (Pembrokeshire) 1900s– murrin'. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French morine. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman morine, mourine, moreyn, murine, murin plague, pestilence, cattle disease, mortality, mortal remains, and Middle French morine plague, epidemic (c1180 in Old French), animal that has died of disease (1260), probably ultimately < classical Latin morī to die (see morient adj.). Compare post-classical Latin morina plague or murrain affecting cattle or sheep (from 1192 in British sources), plague or murrain affecting humans (from late 13th cent. in British sources), Spanish morriña (1734), Portuguese morrinha cattle plague (1701).Compare also Old French morie death (13th cent.), mourie flesh of animals that have died of disease (1296; Middle French murie (1381)), Old Occitan moria death (c1200–15), plague (13thth centuries), Italian morìa plague (1444; from French or Occitan); perhaps compare also morkin n.¹ N.E.D. (1908) gives only the pronunciation (mɒ·rėn) /ˈmʌrɪn/. A. n. †1. a. The flesh of animals that have died of disease (also flesh of murrain). More generally: dead flesh, carrion. Obsolete.In quot. 1632 used as a term of contempt for a person. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] lichc893 dust?a1000 holdc1000 bonesOE stiff onea1200 bodyc1225 carrion?c1225 licham?c1225 worms' food or ware?c1225 corsec1250 ashc1275 corpsec1315 carcass1340 murraina1382 relicsa1398 ghostc1400 wormes warec1400 corpusc1440 scadc1440 reliefc1449 martc1480 cadaverc1500 mortc1500 tramort?a1513 hearse1530 bulk1575 offal1581 trunk1594 cadaverie1600 relicts1607 remains1610 mummya1616 relic1636 cold meat1788 mortality1827 death bone1834 deader1853 stiff1859 the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > murrain orf-qualmOE murraina1382 hasty1683 rinderpest1828 steppe-murrain1865 cattle-plague1866 the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > flesh > of dead animal > that died of disease murrainc1610 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1969) Jer. vii. 33 & ben shal þe moreyn [a1425 L.V. deed careyn; L. morticinum] of þis puple in to mete to þe foulis of heuene & to bestes of erþe. c1436 Domesday Ipswich (BL Add. 25011) in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1873) II. 145 Also wele kepe hem alle the bochieres..that non of hem shewe to sellyn flessh of morreyn [Fr. chars de morine], stynkkyng, ne corrupt. a1525 Coventry Leet Bk. 25 We commaund þat no bocher sell noo beestis of moren, ne no roten Schep. c1610 in J. Gutch Collectanea Curiosa (1781) II. 15 That he bring no rotten flesh, no myrren, no sufferers, but lawful and wholesome for man's body. 1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. G If our fresh wits cannot turne the plots Of such a mouldy murrion on it selfe. b. Death, mortality, esp. by infectious disease or pestilence; (occasionally) slaughter. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life walc900 qualeeOE qualmOE mortc1330 murraina1387 loss of lifec1405 mortality?a1425 megadeath1953 the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [noun] sleightc893 wal-slaught?a900 qualeeOE deathOE swordc1000 morthOE slaughta1225 destroyingc1300 drepingc1300 martyrdomc1325 murderc1325 mortc1330 sleighterc1330 slaughter1338 iron and firea1387 murraina1387 manslaughtera1400 martyre?a1400 quella1425 occision?a1430 decease1513 destruction1526 slaughting1535 butchery?1536 butchering1572 massacrea1578 slaughterdom1592 slaughtering1597 carnage1600 massacring1600 slaughtery1604 internecion1610 decimationa1613 destroy1616 trucidation1623 stragea1632 sword-wrack1646 interemption1656 carnifice1657 panolethry1668 butcher work1808 bloodbath1814 populicide1824 man-slaughtering1851 battue1864 mass murder1917 genocide1944 overkill1957 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 387 (MED) Beda..seiþ: Pestilens of moreyn [L. Clades mortalitatis] bare doun Hibernia. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. 5708 (MED) Ector..cleff Gregeis as men do swyn, He made of hem gret moryn. c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 75 (MED) For hunger pepyle yetyn houndys, cattys, and horse, for be fore there was grete morayne of bestys, of oxyn, kyne, and shippe. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 246/1 Moreyne dethe, mortalité; mourine. 1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. xviii. sig. Ev^v The Atheniences beynge consumed wyth warres, and morayne of people, to augment ye citie, decreed that euery man shulde haue two wyues. a1632 T. Taylor God's Judgem. (1642) i. ii. xl. 303 By the murraine of men by pestilence..the tillage of the earth was put off. 2. Now somewhat archaic. a. Infectious disease, plague, pestilence; an epidemic of such disease, a plague. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun] manqualmeOE deathOE starveOE woundc1369 pestilencea1382 murraina1387 mortality?a1425 plaguea1475 pest1479 cladec1480 traik1513 mortalness1530 pestility1570 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 241 (MED) And afterward come a moreyn vppon þe oost, so þat bestes and foules folowede þe oost by smel of dede. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 1369 (MED) Yn Rome fyl a grete moreyne [v.rr. moryne, moreyn], A pestelens of men. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 15689 What for moreyne [a1450 Lamb. moryne], what for dere, fo þer were þat myght lyue here. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 4089 (MED) That caused a ful gret pestilence..Nih al his peeple was slayn in that moreyn. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) i. 1 Moryn or manqualm..that nerand corompis all men. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxvij^v Famyn and pestilence or a morreyn wherof the people died in euery place. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 265 b There be many noble men..that are not coathed as yet with this Lutheran moraine. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 161 A murren, procured..by Iewish exorcismes intending a plague to the men. 1670 J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Trilinguis 72 Others contagious (catching), as any common murrian; others torment by heat and cold, as the fit of a feaver. 1829 J. Cottle Malvern Hills I. 58 Whether some town be sack'd,..the murrain spread, Or earthquake shake a Lisbon to the dust, He heeds it not. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda IV. vii. lii. 48 My own idea that a murrain will shortly break out in the commercial class..has been called an unsound use of analogy. 1901 J. Barlow Ghost-bereft 140 There's mischief brewing, murrain or storm or blight. 1960 J. Barth Sot-weed Factor iv. 800 His problems with privateers in the Bay..and various murrains and epidemics. 1972 I. Baker Grave Doubt xi. 150 I was laid low with this wretched murrain. 2005 D. Stone Decision-making in Medieval Agric. iii. 66 Livestock numbers were extremely low following the animal murrains of 1319-21. b. In imprecations invoking pestilence or misfortune upon a person or thing, as murrain on (also of, meet) them (also him, it, etc.), etc. Also emphatically in exclamations of anger, astonishment, or contemptuous dismissal, as go with a murrain, what a (also the) murrain, how a murrain. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations murrainc1400 devil's paternosterc1405 back-pater-noster1561 the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > oaths other than religious or obscene > imprecations woeOE dahetc1290 confoundc1330 foul (also shame) fall ——c1330 sorrow on——c1330 in the wanianda1352 wildfirea1375 evil theedomc1386 a pestilence on (also upon)c1390 woe betide you (also him, her, etc.)c1390 maldathaita1400 murrainc1400 out ona1415 in the wild waning worldc1485 vengeance?a1500 in a wanion1549 with a wanion1549 woe worth1553 a plague on——a1566 with a wanion to?c1570 with a wanyand1570 bot1584 maugre1590 poxa1592 death1593 rot1594 rot on1595 cancro1597 pax1604 pize on (also upon)1605 vild1605 peascod1606 cargo1607 confusion1608 perditiona1616 (a) pest upon1632 deuce1651 stap my vitals1697 strike me blind, dumb, lucky (if, but—)1697 stop my vitals1699 split me (or my windpipe)1700 rabbit1701 consume1756 capot me!1760 nick me!1760 weary set1788 rats1816 bad cess to1859 curse1885 hanged1887 buggeration1964 the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > exclamation expressing anger [interjection] what a (also the) murrainc1560 go with a murrain1573 how a murrain1575 twish1577 highty-tighty1699 pilule1889 zut1915 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxi. 226 (MED) For til moreyne mete with ous..Ne wot no whight..what is ynowh to mene. 1533 J. Heywood Play of Wether sig. Biiii^v A myller wyth a moryn and a myschyefe who wolde be a myller as good be a thefe. c1560 T. Ingelend Disobedient Child C j What a Murryn I say, what a noyse doest thou make? 1573 C. Hollyband French Schoole-maister 130 Is that thy receite? go, go with a morion, I know that above ten yeeres a go. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. iii. sig. Aiii^v How a murryon came this chaunce. ?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 186 A moringe lighte one that foules face of thine. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe iv. sig. F2^v Luce. Who am I? Tent. What the Murrion care I who you are. 1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iii. sig. G A murren meete 'em. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 19 A red murrion ath thy Iades trickes. 1611 Tarlton's Jests (1866) 192 A murren of that face. 1624 R. Davenport City Night-cap (1661) iv. 36 Marry come up with a murren, from whence came you tro, ha? 1693 J. Dennis Miscellanies 25 Then says the Carter, what a Murrain Ails thee? What makes thre keep this stir in Such civil company as thou'rt in? 1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. i What the murrain have they to do with quality? 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 113. ⁋3 At last, with a Murrain to her, she cast her bewitching Eye upon me. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. i. 19 ‘A murrain take thee,’ rejoined the swine-herd. 1897 W. Beatty Secretar 402 We are beaten, and weel beaten too—a murrain tak' them. 1905 J. W. Whitbread Sarsfield (1986) ii. iii. 59 A murrain on him for a meddling, interfering coxcomb! 1938 M. Gervaise Distance Enchanted vii. 120 A murrain on Aunt Millicent! Still, she will do as ‘copy’ for a villainess in your novel! 1961 O. Nash Coll. Verse 35 A murrain on every bridesmaid and every usher! I hope they all get spattered with oil from a gusher! 3. a. Any virulent infectious disease of cattle or other livestock, such as anthrax, rinderpest, or babesiosis (redwater fever). Now chiefly historical.steppe-, water-murrain, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of cattle > [noun] > other disorders of cattle murrainc1450 gall1577 gargyse1577 sprenges1577 wisp1577 closh1587 milting1587 moltlong1587 hammer1600 mallet1600 scurvy1604 wither1648 speed1704 nostril dropping1708 bladdera1722 heartsick1725 throstling1726 striking1776 feather-cling1799 hollow-horn1805 weed1811 blood striking1815 the slows1822 toad-bit1825 coast-fever1840 horn-distemper1843 rat's tail1847 whethering1847 milk fever1860 milt-sickness1867 pearl tumour1872 actinomycosis1877 pearl disease1877 rat-tail1880 lumpy jaw1891 niatism1895 cripple1897 rumenitis1897 Rhodesian fever1903 reticulitis1905 barbone1907 contagious abortion1910 trichomoniasis1915 shipping fever1932 New Forest disease1954 bovine spongiform encephalopathy1987 BSE1987 mad cow disease1988 East Coast fever2009 c1450 (a1425) Metrical Paraphr. Old Test. (Selden) 1755 Moran was ouer þer catell kast, on schepe, swyn, oxe and asse. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 144 In þat same ȝere was grete moreyn of bestis..It regned most in oxen. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 101 (MED) My shepe haue I tynde by the moren full euen. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. D^v Why lose we our sede, our labour, and expence Where cometh moryen, and greuous pestylence. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 129^v The Pestilence, or Murraine, is a common name, but there are diuers kindes of it. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. vi. 245 The next year was calamitous, bringing strange fluxes upon men, and murren upon Cattel. 1715 S. Garth Claremont 162 In fillets bound, a hallow'd band Taught how to tend the flocks,..Could tell what murrains in what months begun, And how the seasons travell'd with the Sun. 1758 R. Brown Compl. Farmer (1759) 28 For the Garget, Plague, or Murrain in Bulls, Cows or Oxen. 1768 J. Frere Let. 1 Apr. in John Norton & Sons (1968) 43 We..were so unlucky to loose several of the best by their accidentally eating the Carcase of a Hog that died of the Murrain. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 145 The early stage even of murrain is one of fever. 1874 A. Austin Tower of Babel i. iii. 32 When did prayer keep the murrain from our herds, Or once avert the vultures? 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 396/2 In 1865 the rinderpest, or steppe murrain, originating amongst the vast herds of the Russian steppes, had spread westwards. 1925 J. R. Arnold Hides & Skins v. 93 The disease known variously as Texas fever, tick fever, splenetic fever, and murrain. 1989 E. Dunlop Valley of Deer xi. 67 There had been a bad outbreak of murrain—cattle-fever—in the Valley, and the animals were dying by the score. b. In extended use, applied to infectious diseases of poultry, crops, etc.potato murrain: see potato n. ΚΠ 1657 S. Purchas Theatre Flying-insects 130 The murrain among bees is very rare. 1704 T. Cave Let. 15 Oct. in M. M. Verney Verney Lett. (1930) I. xiii. 220 That Envious Distemper called the Murren, which came by their [sc. hounds] eating a Dead Horse that died of it. 1817 Sporting Mag. 50 261 The roup, the gargut and the murrain, are terms often applied indiscriminately to the diseases of fowls. 1880 B. Disraeli Endymion III. xiv. 141 A murrain had fallen over the whole of the potato crops in England. 1894 J. H. Wylie Hist. Eng. Henry IV II. xliii. 97 A bleak spring, which had blighted the fruit-blossoms and spread a murrain. 1925 B. Beetham in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 164 I had to arrange for a murrain (a form of cervical hæmorrhage) to fall upon the birds during the night. 1987 ‘A. T. Ellis’ Clothes in Wardrobe (1989) (BNC) 90 I believed that a murrain would fall on the hens that he kept on his house-top. †4. A green-salted animal hide of inferior quality. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1542–3 in D. W. Crossley Sidney Ironworks Accts. 1541–73 (1975) 49 Item for iiii Mureyne skynnes ix s. Item for xx Calf Skynnes v s iiii d. 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1275/1 In green-salted hides and skins, those weighing..14 to 25 pounds, if plump, [are called]_kip, but if thin and poor are called runners or murrains. †B. adj. Disagreeable, foul, contemptible; = plaguey adj. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > foulness or filth > [adjective] blackOE rotea1382 lousyc1386 unwashed?a1390 fulsomec1390 filthy?c1400 rankc1400 leprousa1425 sicka1425 miry1532 shitten?1545 murrain1575 obscene1597 vicious1597 ketty1607 putrid1628 putredinous1641 foede1657 fulsamic1694 carrion1826 foul1842 shitty1879 scabrous1880 scummy1932 pukey1933 shitting1950 gungy1962 grungy1965 shithouse1966 grot1967 bogging1973 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > [adjective] > annoying or vexatious angeeOE swinkfuleOE plightlyOE teenfulOE contrariousc1320 drefa1325 troublinga1325 despitousa1340 thornya1340 discomfortablec1350 troublablec1374 noyousa1382 noyfulc1384 diseasy1387 angrya1393 painful1395 hackinga1400 annoying?c1400 annoyousc1400 cumbrousc1400 teenc1400 annoyfulc1405 sputousc1420 diseasefula1425 molest?a1425 noying?a1425 noisomea1450 grievingc1450 tedious?1454 troublous1463 noisantc1475 displeasant1481 strouble1488 nuisant1494 noyanta1500 irksome1513 sturting1513 molestious1524 vexatious1534 cumbersome1535 uncommodious1541 spiteful1548 vexing?1548 incommodious1551 molestous1555 diseasing1558 grating1563 pestilent1565 sturtsome1570 molestuousa1572 troublesome1573 murrain1575 discommodable1579 galling1583 spiny1586 unsupportable1586 troubleful1588 plaguey1594 distressingc1595 molestful1596 molesting1598 vexful1598 fretful1603 briery1604 bemadding1608 mortifying1611 tiry1611 distressfula1616 irking1629 angersome1649 disobliging1652 discomforting1654 incomfortable1655 incommode1672 ruffling1680 unconvenient1683 pestifying1716 trying1718 offending1726 bothering1765 pesky1775 weary1785 sturty1788 unaccommodating1790 tiresome1798 werriting1808 bothersome1817 plaguesome1828 pestilential1833 fretsome1834 languorous1834 pesty1834 pestersome1843 nettlesome1845 miserable1850 niggling1854 distempering1855 be-maddeninga1861 nattery1873 nagging1883 pestiferous1890 trouble-giving1893 maddening1896 molestive1905 nuisancy1906 balls-aching?1912 nuisance1922 nattering1949 noodgy1969 dickheaded1991 dickish1991 cockish1996 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme > specifically of something bad or reprobated woefula1400 mortalc1425 preciousc1475 fine1559 trim1569 gay1581 unconscionable1590 pocky1601 abominable1612 fearful1634 handsome1638 plaguey1694 dreadful1700 awfy1724 murrain1728 diabolical1750 deuced1782 dire1836 sinful1863 sodding1881 blooming1882 flaming1895 ruddy1896 abysmal1904 awful1916 hellishing1927 right1958 steaming1962 schwag1993 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iii. iv. sig. Ciiii^v Ich know thars not..A muryner Cat than Gyb is, betwixt the tems and Tyne. 1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xii. xxxiv. 91 Thou foule and murren lyer. 1678 T. Duffett Psyche Debauch'd i. ii. 38 There vore lets squot, and leave theez murrin Jaunts. 1728 C. Cibber Vanbrugh's Provok'd Husband i. i. 17 My Lady was in such murrain haste to be here, that set out she would. †C. adv. As an intensifier: exceedingly, excessively, confoundedly. Cf. murrainly adv. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > specifically of something bad sorea1300 grievously1340 terrible1490 beastly?1518 shrewdlyc1533 arrantly?1548 murrainly?1548 abominablea1550 pestilence1567 pestilently1567 cursedly1570 pestiferously1570 murrain1575 plaguey1584 plaguilya1586 grievous1598 scandalously1602 horridly1603 terribly1604 monstrously1611 hellish1614 dreadfullya1616 horrid1615 pestilenta1616 infernally1638 preposterously1661 woeful1684 confoundedly1694 confounded1709 glaringly1709 cursed1719 flagrantly1756 weary1790 disgustingly1804 filthy1827 blamed1833 peskily1833 pesky1833 blame1843 blasted1854 wickedly1858 blatantly1878 shamelessly1885 disgracefully1893 ruddy1913 bastarda1935 pissing1951 sodding1954 pissingly1971 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle ii. iv. sig. Ci^v It is a murrion crafty drab, and froward to be pleased. a1663 Viscount Falkland Mariage Night (1664) iii. 25 That same's a murrain wise boy, if you mark him. Compounds C1. General attributive. murrain cattle n. ΚΠ 1902 Westm. Gaz. 1 May 8/2 Tuberculous people and murrain cattle. † murrain flock n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 97 Crowes are fatted with the murrion flocke . View more context for this quotation murrain sheep n. ΚΠ c1490 W. Caxton Rule St. Benet aa viij b They shall departe from the congregacyon, leest that suche a moreyne shepe empoysen and enfecte the residue of y^e flocke. 1858 T. H. Chivers Sons of Usna iv. viii. 63 They lie, scattered around, like murrain sheep, Whitening the earth with their gashed carcasses! C2. Instrumental. murrain-rotted adj. ΚΠ 1899 H. Sutcliffe Shameless Wayne xix. 243 Clear the pens of yond murrain-rotted ewes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.adv.a1382
随便看	scenesetter scenesetting sceneshifter sceneshifters sceneshifting scenesofcrime scenesofcrime officer scenesteal scenestealer scenestealing scenester scenesters scenic scenic artist scenic games scenic railway scenic route scenical scenical disports scenical games scenical plays scenically sceniccer sceniccest scenicer