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单词 mulct
释义

mulctn.

Brit. /mʌlkt/, U.S. /məlk(t)/
Forms: 1500s multe, 1500s–1700s mult, 1500s– mulct, 1600s mulckt, 1600s mulcte.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mulcta.
Etymology: < classical Latin mulcta, multa fine, penalty, of Italic origin (compare Oscan moltam , Umbrian motar ). Compare Middle French, French †mulcte , †multe fine, penalty (1358), Italian multa (14th cent.). Compare earlier mulct v.The classical Latin form multa (earlier molta, preserved in an inscription) appears to have more authority than mulcta; the latter is probably due to the influence of mulcāre to handle roughly, damage.
Now chiefly historical.
1. A fine imposed for an offence. Also occasionally in extended use: a compulsory payment, a tax, esp. an unfair or arbitrary one.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > fine > [noun]
witereden688
witec890
guiltwite964
ransom?c1225
amends1340
forfeiture1399
ush1417
recoverya1422
issue1424
unlaw1424
fine1430
forfeita1475
unlay1497
multure1533
estreatc1550
mulct1584
forfeitment1597
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 94 The 5 other cityes..sequestred Halicarnassus, beyng the sixth, from the right and freedome of the temple: leviying a mulct or feine [Gk. ζημίη] uppon the whole citye.
1616 Sir C. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 249 The Low Countries have banished all our dyed cloths, and set such a mult on the white as will mar the trade.
a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 207 This Emperowr reduced..their lawes..into a most..plain forme of a written lawe, for everie man..to..challenge upon a great mult to the crown judgment without delaye.
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity xix. 71 For multitude and frequency of Transgressours brings in Mulcts and Fees to the Ecclesiastick Officers.
1715 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. Observ. 248 The Mulct was reported to have been half the Goods then in the besieg'd City.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 86 A rape and adultery is punished with a mulct of nine head of cattle.
1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall viii. 114 Imposed a heavy mulct on every one of his servants.
1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iii. iii. 209 Humiliating peace, with mulct in money, and slightly in territory, attached to it.
1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. ii. 28 The state received the portion of the mulcts which in the monarchies fell to the king.
1943 R. Burgess & R. Blackburn We joined Navy 119 Mulct, a stoppage of pay.
1989 P. Dresch Tribes, Govt. & Hist. in Yemen iii. 83 It is generally agreed that a mulct on the whole tribe should be divided as half from al-Ṣayad and half from the other two together.
2. figurative.
a. A penalty or punishment of any kind. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > [noun] > penalty
finec1300
penalityc1429
penalty1459
law1470
amends1562
rendera1616
mulcta1625
poena1859
a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta iii. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Lllll3/2 Chastity That lodges in deformity, appeares rather A mulct impos'd by nature, then a blessing.
1657 M. Hawke Killing is Murder & No Murder 38 He justly paid the mult of his head which forged them, and his hands which pressed them.
1724 R. Welton Substance Christian Faith 113 The losing of the soul..is to have a mulct inflicted upon the soul.
1755 W. Dodd Hymns of Callimachus 89 With no trivial mulct the proud presumption Of Atreus' son she [sc. Diana] fin'd.
1823 M. W. Shelley Valperga II. iv. 99 It appeared to him that he had paid the mulct of remorse and error.
1892 I. Zangwill Children of Ghetto I. 47 Nor was this the only mulct which Providence exacted from the happy father.
b. A blemish, fault, or defect, esp. one considered as a penalty or punishment imposed by nature. Obsolete.This usage apparently found only in Massinger.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > disfigurement > [noun] > a disfigurement or blemish
tachec1330
vicec1386
flakec1400
plotc1400
offencec1425
defectc1450
disconformity1505
defection1526
blemish1535
fitch1550
blot1578
flaw1604
tainta1616
mulct1632
smitch1638
scarring1816
out1886
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > an imperfection > defect or fault or flaw
faultc1320
breckc1369
villainyc1400
offencec1425
defectc1450
defection1526
vitiosity1538
faintness1543
gall1545
eelist1549
mar1551
hole1553
blemish1555
wart1603
flaw1604
mulct1632
wound1646
failurea1656
misfeature1818
bug1875
out1886
1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour i. ii. sig. C4 Ber. If so, what diverts Your Favour from me? Cami. No mulct in your selfe, Or in your person, mind or fortune.
1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat iv. i. 118 That which all the world Admires and cries up in thee for perfections Are to unhappy me foule blemishes And mulcts in nature.

Compounds

mulct-money n. Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God iv. xiv. 174 Which P Posth. Megellus beeing Aedile built with the mulct-money [L. mulctaticia pecunia] hee hadde gathered.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

mulctv.

Brit. /mʌlkt/, U.S. /məlk(t)/
Forms: late Middle English–1500s multe, 1600s– mulct. Past tense and past participle late Middle English multed, 1600s mulkt, 1600s– mulcted, 1800s mulked, 1800s– mulct; also Scottish pre-1700 mulcked.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mulctāre.
Etymology: < classical Latin mulctāre, multāre < mulcta , multa mulct n. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French multer to pay a fine for (c1100 in Anglo-Norman, 1389 in Middle French), Middle French, French †mulcter to punish with a fine (second half of the 15th cent.), to punish (16th cent.).See note on classical Latin forms at mulct n.
1. transitive. To punish (a person, †an offence) by a fine; to exact money from (a person); to tax. Also (occasionally): †to subject to a penalty of any kind (obsolete).The penalty or amount is frequently expressed by a second object, or introduced by in.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > fine > [verb (transitive)]
mulct?a1475
gersum1483
unlaw1508
finea1513
check1526
to be put to one's fine1542
punish1552
forfeitc1592
tinsel1609
sconce1641
physic1821
to fix (a person) with liability1833
log1889
society > authority > punishment > [verb (transitive)]
threac897
tighta1000
beswinkc1175
punisha1325
chastise1362
paina1375
justifya1393
wage1412
reformc1450
chasten1526
thwart over thumba1529
chastifyc1540
amerce?1577
follow1579
to rap (a person) on the knuckles (also fingers)1584
finea1616
mulcta1620
fita1625
vindicate1632
trounce1657
reward1714
tawse1790
sort1815
to let (a person) have it1823
visit1836
to catch or get Jesse1839
to give, get goss1840
to have ita1848
to take (a person) to the woodshed1882
to give (one) snuff1890
soak1892
give1906
to weigh off1925
to tear down1938
zap1961
slap1968
?a1475 (?a1425) in tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1882) VIII. App. 476 (MED) Michael Atte Pole..was convicte..of treason..for whiche cause he was..multed in xxm marke, to be payede to the kynge.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 642/1 I multe.
1611 B. Jonson Catiline v. sig. N4v Those townes, then to be mulcted, As enemies to the State. View more context for this quotation
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. x. §4. 101 They mulcted him with exile.
1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety v. 96 He that mulcts the more Indeliberate Oaths, may yet enjoyn a solemn Perjury.
1747 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 45/1 The master was mulcted all his pay.
1792 E. Burke Let. to H. Langrishe in Wks. VI. 355 Will you punish by deprivation of their privileges, or mulct in any other way, those who have tempted us?
1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames 664 On pain of being mulked when such arms are found rusty or unserviceable.
1858 J. B. Norton Topics for Indian Statesmen 81 Mulct the holders of India Stock, the fault is theirs.
1872 W. H. Dixon W. Penn (rev. ed.) iv. 142 The new sect were..mulcted in heavy fines.
1903 ‘T. Collins’ Such is Life iv. 153 Alf had been mulcted in five shillings trespass, with six guineas costs.
1946 G. M. Trevelyan Eng. Social Hist. xvii. 513 Tory parliaments had voted taxes to build churches in Anne's reign... But after 1832 no government dared propose to mulct the taxpayer for such a purpose.
1963 All Eng. Law Rep. 2 404 Unless a bad point be taken knowing it to be bad..then it would be a very dangerous doctrine indeed to say that the advocate ought to be mulcted in the costs because he took a point which failed.
2000 China Daily (Electronic ed.) 18 Mar. The Chinese Football Association (CFA) mulcted Shenyang Huachen and Qianwei Huandao Club, who owns league teams Haishi and Longxin, RMB 400,000 yuan..yesterday.
2.
a. transitive. To deprive or divest of. Usually in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > loss > taking away > take away [verb (transitive)] > deprive (of)
benimc890
to do of ——eOE
bedealc1000
disturbc1230
bereavec1275
reave?a1300
acquitc1300
benemec1300
deprivec1330
privea1382
subvertc1384
oppressc1395
abridgea1400
to bate of, from1399
lessa1400
nakena1400
dischargea1425
privatec1425
to bring outa1450
abatec1450
sever?1507
spulyie?1507
denude1513
disable1529
distrain1530
destituec1540
destitutec1540
defalk1541
to turn out of ——1545
discomfit1548
wipe1549
nude1551
disannul?a1556
bereft1557
diminish1559
benoom1563
joint1573
uncase1583
rid1585
disarm1590
visitc1592
ease1600
dispatch1604
unfurnisha1616
rig1629
retrench1640
unbecomea1641
disentail1641
cashier1690
twin1722
mulct1748
fordo1764
to do out of ——1796
to cut out1815
bate1823
deprivate1832
devoid1878
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. ix. 397 The Linguist was seized, and..mulcted of whatever he had gotten in the Commodore's service.
1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism vi. 201 Let any one conceive himself..to be mulct at once of manhood and humanity.
1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 233/1 When..the wages of which the men are mulct go to increase the profits of the capitalist, [etc.].
1902 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 838 Every third year each tree is mulcted of her spreading boughs.
1980 C. S. Marcus Conquest N. Atlantic ii. 102 The offender was mulcted of two silver marks.
b. transitive. To swindle (a person); to defraud, cheat (of property, money, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > defrauding or swindling > defraud or swindle [verb]
mulcta1843
a1843 J. Stewart Sketches Sc. Char. (1857) 145 The gawcy change-house luckies lauch and mulct the drucken fule.
1877 Fraser's Mag. 16 226/2 Mulcted of my right by thy fraud and covin.
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 482 A new purchase at some monster sale for which a gull has been mulcted. Meretricious finery to deceive the eye.
1947 Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 17 May 18/2 He..mulcted Shelly of the equivalent of seventy-five thousand dollars.
1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 11 Three-fingered magicians quick to mulct apoplectic curates—they traffic lotion to soothe the spirit while Lazarus lies howling outside the gate.
3. transitive. To obtain or exact (money, etc.) of or from a person or a person's supply of money. In later use esp.: to obtain by deceit or extortion.
ΚΠ
1847 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 64 Here's a note to T-m C-mpb-ll, (indorsed, ‘From a Peer’,) To mulct Income-Tax from his hundred a-year.
1888 Littell's Living Age 23 June 737/1 The amount was put down in the half-yearly school-bill, to be paid by our parents instead of being mulcted from our pocket-money.
1948 W. C. Williams Paterson II. ii. 1 Cash is mulct of them that others may live secure.
1975 Forbes 1 Sept. (Nexis) 64/2 Today some attorneys successfully use their orations to mulct large fees from insurance companies—and in the end, the general public.
1990 N.Y. Times 15 Aug. a26/4 The money from the excessive Social Security taxes originally mulcted from wage earners will never be available for Social Security purposes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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