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单词 mulatto
释义

mulatton.adj.

Brit. /mjuːˈlatəʊ/, /mjᵿˈlatəʊ/, U.S. /m(j)ʊˈlɑdoʊ/
Inflections: Plural mulattoes, mulattos.
Forms: 1500s mulatow, 1500s mulliato, 1600s mallatto, 1600s melotto, 1600s molata, 1600s molato, 1600s mollotto, 1600s molotto, 1600s mulata, 1600s mulato, 1600s muletto, 1600s 1700s malatta, 1600s 1700s mallatto (North American), 1600s 1700s mullato (North American), 1600s–1700s malato, 1600s–1700s molatto, 1600s–1700s moletto, 1600s–1700s mullatto, 1600s– mulatto, 1700s malotto, 1700s melatto, 1700s molater, 1700s moletta, 1700s mulleto (Scottish), 1700s (North American) 1800s (U.S.) malatto, 1700s–1800s mulattoe, 1900s– malata (Jamaican), 1900s– mulatta (Caribbean), 1900s– mulattoo (Jamaican).
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Spanish mulato; Portuguese mulato.
Etymology: Partly < Spanish mulato, noun ‘person of mixed race’ (1588) and adjective ‘of mixed race’ ( < mulo mule (see mule n.1) + -ato : see below), and partly < Portuguese mulato, adjective and noun (a1515 with reference to a ‘person of mixed race’, 1526 in sense ‘young mule’, 18th cent. in sense ‘dark colour’; < mulo (see mule n.1) + -ato : see below). Compare Middle French mullatre (1544), French mulâtre (1614; with assimilation of suffix to -âtre : compare -aster suffix), Italian mulatto (mid 16th cent.), and also German Mulatte (18th cent.; 16th cent. as Molate, 17th cent. as Mullato, Mulate).The suffix -ato of the Spanish and Portuguese forms is probably related to post-classical Latin -attus, suffix forming nouns denoting the young of animals.
A. n.
1. A person with one white and one black parent. Frequently more generally: a person of mixed white and black ancestry. Cf. metis n. 1, quadroon n.Now chiefly considered offensive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > white and black > person
mulatto1591
mulat1678
mustee1699
quadroon1707
quintroon1769
terceroon1772
blue skin1788
metif1805
musteefinoa1818
Morisco1819
octoon1840
griff1850
octoroon1854
Conchy Joe1888
mustard seed1926
1591 J. Hortop Trauailes Eng. Man 26 When we came in the height of the Barmotha, we discouered a monster in the sea, who shewed himselfe, three times unto us from the middle upwards, in which parts he was proportioned like a man, of the complection of a Mulliato, or tawny Indian.
1595 in K. R. Andrews Last Voy. Drake & Hawkins (1972) 22 By meanes of a Mulatow and an Indian, we had, this night, forty bundles of dried beife.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. xiv. 545 Why then are the Portugalls Children and Generations White, or Mulatos at most.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 10 A great fat man,..his face not so black as to be counted a Mollotto.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World vii. 199 The Mulata, because he said he was in the Fireship.., was immediately hang'd.
1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 209 Grinning Malottos in true Ermin stare.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Mulatto, a Name given, in the Indies, to those who are begotten by a Negro Man on an Indian Woman; or an Indian Man on a Negro Woman.
1752 N. Owen Jrnl. Slave-Dealer (1930) 29 There are several malatos,..tradeing men that lives upon the low grounds.
1779 F. Burney Let. 25 Oct.–3 Nov. (1994) 408 We have also made acquaintance with Mrs. Chamier, & the little mulatto she has the care of.
1814 J. B. Scott Diary Sept. in E. Mann Englishman at Home & Abroad (1930) iii. 76 The women of Leghorn are singularly fair in general, much to our surprise, for their neighbours of Provence are almost mulattoes.
1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. iii. 31 Two woolly-headed poor little mulattos.
1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter xi That hag of a mulatto was no less a person than my wife.
1900 G. M. Gould & W. L. Pyle Anomalies & Curiosities Med. i. 49 A white woman, by intercourse with a white man and a negro, may conceive twins, one of which shall be white and the other a mulatto.
1936 J. Cary Afr. Witch i. 7 Two negroes in European dress, one a very tall mulatto, one darker and shorter.
1991 Américas 43 45 As a mulatto, he faced certain restrictions, but on the whole his childhood was unburdened.
2. figurative. A hybrid. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > cross-breeding or hybridism > hybrid or cross
mongrel1558
hybrid1601
centaur1606
mulatto1664
half-strain1673
cross1761
cross-breed1774
first cross1793
double-cross1810
quadroon1811
intercross1859
outcross1882
reciprocal1901
filial generation1902
monohybrid1902
vicinist1905
first filial (or F₁) generation1909
polyhybrid1910
back-cross1919
second filial (or F₂) generation1938
1664 Bp. J. Taylor Disswasive from Popery i. ii. 3 Purgatory (which is a device to make men to be Mulata's, as the Spaniard calls, half Christians).
3. Geology. A green sandstone occurring in northern Ireland. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > plutonic rocks > greenstone > varieties of
mulatto1816
hornblende rock1821
diorite1826
hypersthene rock1838
hypersthenite1849
norite1853
aphanite1863
hyperite1863
1816 Trans. Geol. Soc. 3 130 Mulattoe, an arenaceous stone, with a calcareous cement of a speckled appearance (whence its name).
1843 J. E. Portlock Rep. Geol. Londonderry 110 The chalk..rests on..indurated greensand or (as it has been called) mulatto stone.
4. Chiefly in form mulato. = chile mulato n. Also mulato chilli.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > other spices
cubebc1300
madrian1357
anet seeda1398
poppy seeda1398
powder doucea1425
garquincea1483
spignelc1503
geland1714
mulatto1885
1885 Amer. Jrnl. Pharmacy 57 552 The different species of Capsicum, growing wild or cultivated in Mexico, and used medicinally or for condiment, are the following:..mulato, and in the unripe state poblano.
1952 M. Rywell Mex. Cook Bk. 6 Chiles are the fruit of solanaceas [sic] plants and vary from region to region. Most commonly used are the Ancho, Chipotle, Cuararemo, Guero, Jalapeno, Mulato..and Serrano.
1961 Los Angeles Times 16 July (Home section) 17/3 Mole de Guajalote. 1 10 to 12-lb. turkey, 10 ancho chilies, 4 pasilla chilies, 8 mulato chilies, [etc.].
1988 Frederick (Maryland) Post 25 Aug. e3/1 The mulato is generally larger and the brownish-black skin is tougher and less wrinkled.
2001 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 13 May Mole is a wonderful Mexican sauce which traditionally contains nuts, cocoa powder and three types of chilli... The mulato adds a smoky, nutty flavour.
B. adj. Now chiefly considered offensive.
1. Brown; tawny.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [adjective]
blackeOE
browned-black?c1510
dark?1537
black-faced1581
adust?1586
black-visaged1602
mulatto1622
kettle-faced1680
black-favoured1681
black-a-top1685
brown-complexioned1704
blackavised1721
brunette1724
brune1747
dark-skinned1750
black-looking1753
melanic1826
melanous1836
brunet1840
copper-skinned1873
brown-skinned1904
brown-
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 328 I sweare and vow vnto thee by this my Mulata face, that [etc.].
1751 Pennsylvania Gaz. 19 Feb. 2/3 (advt.) Run away last Sunday night, from Judah Hays, a Negroe wench, named Sarah, aged about 30 years; she is a likely wench, of a Mulatto complexion.
1826 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 2) I. 151 A man, who..was of a mulatto complexion.
1870 W. M. Baker New Timothy 84 Women of all shades of color, from deepest jet up to light mulatto.
1967 A. Djoleto Strange Man xiii. 208 He was fair-coloured, almost mulatto, and bragged repeatedly that his great-grandfather was an Englishman.
1986 Jrnl. Southern Hist. 52 129 She [sc. Gloria T. Hull] capitalized effectively upon her mulatto complexion, intelligence, and family connection to carve her niche in Afro-American journalism.
2. Descended from a white parent and a black parent; of mixed white and black ancestry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [adjective] > person > person white and black
mulatto1677
quadroon1748
dingy1785
yellow1796
high brown1911
1677 in Rec. Court of New Castle on Delaware (1904) 91 The upholding & detayning of this p[laintiff]'s molatto servant in Maryland.
a1704 T. Brown Walk round London in 3rd Vol. Wks. (1708) iii. 9 I shall observe your Caution, says my Moletto Comrade [sc. an Indian].
1768 S. Taine Deed of Sale 10 July in J. J. Abraham Lettsam (1933) iii. 61 I do hereby..release and Confirm unto him the said John Coakley Lettsam..a Molater Boy named Sam and a Molater girl named Teresa.
1804 ‘A. Mowbray’ Mother & Daughter II. iv. 156 Her heart sympathized most painfully in the anguish of the mulatto woman.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 156 She was asked whether she thought of doing anything for her two mulatto children.
1883 G. Allen in Mind 8 504 If..a mulatto child inherits..the quick perceptive faculties and intuitions of his mother [etc.]
1900 tr. J. Deniker Races of Man xiii. 542 A Mulatto woman [Fr. une mulâtresse], the offspring of a Spaniard and a negress, may give birth to a ‘Morisco’ by uniting with a Spaniard.
1952 E. Mittelhölzer Children of Kaywana 62 Debauching the black slave women—producing a host of mulatto bastards.
1993 Amer. Lit. 65 513 Stowe found a way to represent the Mulatto hero to antebellum audiences without painting him in white-face.

Compounds

Chiefly U.S. regional.
mulatto clay n. Obsolete a brown clay.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > clay > [noun] > other clays
red clayc1475
urry1669
blae1724
cat-dirt1747
iron clay1750
till1762
mulatto clay1788
oak-tree clay1794
porcelain jasper1794
porcellanite1794
Karoo ground1836
plinthite1836
papa1851
Bradford clay1858
Indianaite1868
sinopite1868
hydrobiotite1881
pampas-clay1885
byon1892
potato clay1896
bentonite1898
quick clay1901
gumbotil1916
1788 T. Jefferson Tour through Holland & Rhine Valley Mar.–Apr. in Papers (1956) XIII. 19 It has a Southern aspect, the soil a barren mulatto clay, mixed with a good deal of stone, and some slate.
1857 F. Gerhard Illinois as it Is 309 On the prairies it [sc. the soil] is a vegetable mould of different depth..of rich mulatto loam or clay.
mulatto jack n. rare = yellow fever n. 1.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ΚΠ
1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon at Mulatto Mulatto Jack, a term for Yellow Fever.
mulatto land n. now historical land of mulatto soil; an area of such land.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > dark soil
black land1598
black soil1700
hen mould1712
mulatto land1741
mulatto soil1789
black cotton ground1804
mulatto loam1837
mulatto mould1838
black bottom1841
black turf1897
1741 in Amer. Speech (1940) 15 287/2 A Tract of rich Mulattoe Land, lying in that County.
1794 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 556 The mulatto lands [of Georgia] are generally strong.
1883 E. A. Smith Rep. Geol. Surv. Alabama 1881–2 435 The red or mulatto lands are much the best for cotton.
1952 N. Callahan Smoky Mt. Country 76 The land which lay along the foot of the mountains was called ‘mulatto land’, being a dark soil with a clay foundation.
mulatto loam n. Obsolete = mulatto soil n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > dark soil
black land1598
black soil1700
hen mould1712
mulatto land1741
mulatto soil1789
black cotton ground1804
mulatto loam1837
mulatto mould1838
black bottom1841
black turf1897
1837 J. L. Williams Territory of Florida 82 The surface is covered with a mulatto or chocolate colored loam.
1857 F. Gerhard Illinois as it Is 309 On the prairies it [sc. the soil] is a vegetable mould of different depth..of rich mulatto loam or clay.
mulatto mould n. Obsolete rare = mulatto soil n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > dark soil
black land1598
black soil1700
hen mould1712
mulatto land1741
mulatto soil1789
black cotton ground1804
mulatto loam1837
mulatto mould1838
black bottom1841
black turf1897
1838 Jeffersonian (Albany) 28 Apr. 88 The mulatto mould of the Colorado does not surpass in fatness the alluvial soil of Red River.
mulatto prairie n. Obsolete a prairie of mulatto soil.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > level land > [noun] > level place or plain > in specific country > type of
fielding1609
bottom prairie1804
prairie bottom1805
prairillon1811
mulatto prairie1858
1858 Texas Almanac 1859 65 The mulatto or copper colored prairies are more kindly and easily cultivated.
1869 Overland Monthly Aug. 130/2 Then there is the ‘chocolate’ prairie, and the ‘mulatto’, and the ‘mezquite’.
mulatto soil n. now historical fertile brown or reddish brown soil; a soil of this type.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > dark soil
black land1598
black soil1700
hen mould1712
mulatto land1741
mulatto soil1789
black cotton ground1804
mulatto loam1837
mulatto mould1838
black bottom1841
black turf1897
1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 447 It changes into what is called the mulatto soil, consisting of a black mould and red earth.
1819 E. Dana Geogr. Sketches 190 Next to this is very often found a skirt of rich pine land, dark mulatto soil with hickory..characteristic of good land.
1883 E. A. Smith Geol. Surv. Alabama 417 The mulatto soils of this formation are much the best.
1995 Sunday Tel. 16 Apr. 33 In 1974..Fawn Brodie wrote a ‘psychobiography’ in which she claimed Jefferson's description of ‘mulatto’ soil in Germany proved his obsession with Sally.
mulatto tree n. rare either of two tropical American trees with light brown wood or bark, Calycophyllum spruceanum (family Rubiaceae), and the gumbo-limbo, Bursera simaruba (family Burseraceae).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > other trees > [noun]
blood tree1785
sea-purslane tree1786
salt-tree1824
fever tree1830
sand wood1840
scrubwood1874
mulatto tree1876
1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 97/1 Some Amazon trees taper downwards,..as the Mulatto tree (Eukylista Spruceana), one of the Cinchonaceæ.
1941 C. Swabey Principal Timbers Jamaica 13 Birch, West Indian (-Mastic, Red Birch, Turpentine tree, Incense tree, Mulatto tree)... Tree..with characteristic smooth papery chestnut-coloured bark.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1591
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