mujtahidn.

Brit.

/muːdʒˈtɑːhɪd/, U.S.

/mudʒˈtɑhɪd/

Inflections: Plural mujtahids, (occasionally) mujtahidun Brit.

/muːdʒˈtɑːhᵻduːn/, U.S.

/mudʒˈtɑhᵻˌdun/.

Forms: 1800s mojtahid, 1800s moojtuhid, 1800s mooshtahed, 1800s mushtahed, 1800s mushtehed, 1800s– mujtahid, 1900s mujtehid (irregular). Frequently with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian mujtahid.

Etymology: < Persian mujtahid < Arabic mujtahid one who exerts himself, active participle of ijtahada to strive, to exert oneself < jahada (see mujahid n.).The plural form mujtahidun is after the Arabic plural mujtahidūn. Forms with -sht- reflect a colloquial Persian pronunciation muštahid.

Islam.

Chiefly in Iran (formerly Persia): a jurist recognized by Shiites (by virtue of his moral qualities, mastery of the religious sciences, and powers of reasoning) as an authority on the interpretation of Islamic law.The right of exercising discretionary judgement based on the principles of the Law (Sharia), known as ijtihād, is recognized in Shiism but is no longer part of Sunni Islam.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > law > Islamic Law > [noun] > scholar

talisman1599

mullah1613

akhund1712

maulvi1776

mujtahid1811

ulemaa1843

cleric1885

1811 H. Martyn in J. Sargent Mem. Rev. H. Martyn (1819) 381 Here sat the Moojtuhid in state, with a considerable number of his friends.

1815 J. Malcolm Hist. Persia II. xxiii. 428 That power..is exercised..by these holy men who are raised, by popular suffrage, to the dignity of Mooshtâhed, or ‘high priest’; and who may be deemed at the head of the hierarchy of Persia.

1885 T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 197/2 Ijtihād is the deduction made by a single Mujtahid, whilst Ijma' is the collective opinion of a council of Mujtahidūn, or enlightened doctors.

1909 Daily Chron. 2 Feb. 1/7 The Shah would be well advised to listen to the petition of the Mujtehids and clergy now being presented,..begging for the restoration of the Constitution.

1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 299 The leading mujtahid of the day having declared this law to be contrary to the shari'a and the Constitution, it seemed likely to remain a dead letter.

1989 Islamic Q. 33 219 It is possible..for a mujtahid to derive a rule of law even from the parables and historical passages of the Qur'ān.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mujtahid
释义	mujtahidn. Brit. /muːdʒˈtɑːhɪd/, U.S. /mudʒˈtɑhɪd/ Inflections: Plural mujtahids, (occasionally) mujtahidun Brit. /muːdʒˈtɑːhᵻduːn/, U.S. /mudʒˈtɑhᵻˌdun/. Forms: 1800s mojtahid, 1800s moojtuhid, 1800s mooshtahed, 1800s mushtahed, 1800s mushtehed, 1800s– mujtahid, 1900s mujtehid (irregular). Frequently with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Persian. Etymon: Persian mujtahid. Etymology: < Persian mujtahid < Arabic mujtahid one who exerts himself, active participle of ijtahada to strive, to exert oneself < jahada (see mujahid n.).The plural form mujtahidun is after the Arabic plural mujtahidūn. Forms with -sht- reflect a colloquial Persian pronunciation muštahid. Islam. Chiefly in Iran (formerly Persia): a jurist recognized by Shiites (by virtue of his moral qualities, mastery of the religious sciences, and powers of reasoning) as an authority on the interpretation of Islamic law.The right of exercising discretionary judgement based on the principles of the Law (Sharia), known as ijtihād, is recognized in Shiism but is no longer part of Sunni Islam. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > law > Islamic Law > [noun] > scholar talisman1599 mullah1613 akhund1712 maulvi1776 mujtahid1811 ulemaa1843 cleric1885 1811 H. Martyn in J. Sargent Mem. Rev. H. Martyn (1819) 381 Here sat the Moojtuhid in state, with a considerable number of his friends. 1815 J. Malcolm Hist. Persia II. xxiii. 428 That power..is exercised..by these holy men who are raised, by popular suffrage, to the dignity of Mooshtâhed, or ‘high priest’; and who may be deemed at the head of the hierarchy of Persia. 1885 T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 197/2 Ijtihād is the deduction made by a single Mujtahid, whilst Ijma' is the collective opinion of a council of Mujtahidūn, or enlightened doctors. 1909 Daily Chron. 2 Feb. 1/7 The Shah would be well advised to listen to the petition of the Mujtehids and clergy now being presented,..begging for the restoration of the Constitution. 1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 299 The leading mujtahid of the day having declared this law to be contrary to the shari'a and the Constitution, it seemed likely to remain a dead letter. 1989 Islamic Q. 33 219 It is possible..for a mujtahid to derive a rule of law even from the parables and historical passages of the Qur'ān. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1811
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