Nairn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈnʌɪə/,

/ˈnɑːɪə/, U.S.

/ˈnaɪ(ə)r/

Inflections: Plural Nairs, unchanged.

Forms:

α. 1500s–1700s Naire, 1500s–1700s Nayre, 1600s– Nair, 1700s–1800s Naïr, 1700s–1800s Nayr, 1900s– Nayar, 1900s– Nâyar.

β. 1500s Nayro, 1600s Nairo, 1600s Nayroes (plural).

Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese naire.

Etymology: < Portuguese naire (1504) < Malayalam nāyar members of ruling caste, soldiers in general, plural of nāyaṉ leader < Sanskrit nāya < nī- to lead (see naik n.). The origin of the β. forms in -o is unclear; the earliest example (see quot. 1598 at sense A.β. ) is immediately after Dutch Nayros (plural), which may be < a back-formation (perhaps in Portuguese) based on Italian naeri (plural, 1510; 1577 as Nairi in the passage translated in quot. 1598 at sense A.β. ). Compare French naire (1648 in passage translated in quot. 1660 at sense A.α. ).

A. n.

A member of a traditionally matrilineal Hindu ruling caste in Kerala, India. Formerly also in extended use.Before the period of British administration the caste included most of the royal and noble lineages and the military, and subsequently became prominent in the professions.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > member of warrior caste or race

myrmidonc1425

Mameluke1511

Nair1582

Rajput1598

Khatri1630

samurai1727

Singh1851

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun] > noble person or man > of other foreign countries > member of noble or military caste

Nair1582

Rajput1598

Khatri1630

Kshatriyaa1792

Singh1851

samurai1874

α.

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xiv. 34 The house of the Nayres, which amongest the Malabars are Gentlemen.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 174 Many of the Malaber princes..lay all their hopes and fortunes on the Nairs.

1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad vii. xxxix. 144 The Nayres onely go to war: Before Their King, they onely stand a Rampire trew Against his Foes.

1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 56 The third part of them are Naires, or Gentlemen.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 200 Did the privileged nobility..deserve to be looked on as the Nayres or Mamalukes of this age?

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 339 Their military is formed of the Nobility, called Naïrs, who possess the second rank in the State.

1824 J. G. Gorton tr. Voltaire Philos. Dict. VI. 396 The author of the Spirit of Laws asserts, that in the caste of Nairs, on the coast of Malabar, a man can have only one wife, while a woman may have several husbands.

1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 299 The Nairs have great faith in their superhuman knowledge.

1899 W. W. Hunter Hist. Brit. India I. iii. 111 For the recruitment of such troops good materials existed among the brave military caste of Nairs, the Malabar Christians.

1914 Amer. Hist. Rev. 19 232 Thus a Nâyar pollutes a higher caste by touch.

1922 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 187 Even the Nayar, when he addresses a Brahman, must use the language of deprecation.

1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) xii. 328 In some societies such as the Nayar of India's Malabar coast, one can be married without any expectation of sex with one's spouse.

β. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. xlii. 77/2 Noblemen..called Nayros [Du. Nayros], which are souldiers, that doe onely weare and handle armes.1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 301 The Nayroes are his Lords; a sort of Mamaluck.1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. xlii. 90 The better sort of these people are call'd Nairo's, whose heads are cover'd with a low Tulipant, and their middles with a party-coloured Plad.

B. adj.

Of or relating to the Nairs.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > [adjective] > warrior caste or race

myrmidonian1624

Nair1888

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adjective] > relating to the nobility > relating to noble person > of member of noble or military caste

Rajput1616

Nair1888

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 51 Each State having a Representative..to act according to the Votes of the Nairos Gentry.

1780 J. Torlese Let. 5 Apr. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1782) 70 44 I have taken the liberty to inclose you a drawing of a child which a Nair woman was delivered of the 28th of March at midnight.

1888 G. Smith Stephen Hislop (1889) iv. 98 A European officer of the Nair brigade felt aggrieved.

1921 E. Westermarck Hist. Human Nature II. xxix. 136 The present Nayar caste includes persons who, by hereditary occupation, are traders, artisans, oilmongers, and even barbers and washermen.

1955 M. Gluckman Custom & Confl. Afr. iii. 68 The father's rôle seems to have been reduced to a minimum among the Nayar castes of Malabar in India in the past.

1991 Current Anthropol. 32 227 Nayar communities..traditionally consisted of matrifocal rather than conjugal households.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	nair
释义	Nairn.adj. Brit. /ˈnʌɪə/, /ˈnɑːɪə/, U.S. /ˈnaɪ(ə)r/ Inflections: Plural Nairs, unchanged. Forms: α. 1500s–1700s Naire, 1500s–1700s Nayre, 1600s– Nair, 1700s–1800s Naïr, 1700s–1800s Nayr, 1900s– Nayar, 1900s– Nâyar. β. 1500s Nayro, 1600s Nairo, 1600s Nayroes (plural). Origin: A borrowing from Portuguese. Etymon: Portuguese naire. Etymology: < Portuguese naire (1504) < Malayalam nāyar members of ruling caste, soldiers in general, plural of nāyaṉ leader < Sanskrit nāya < nī- to lead (see naik n.). The origin of the β. forms in -o is unclear; the earliest example (see quot. 1598 at sense A.β. ) is immediately after Dutch Nayros (plural), which may be < a back-formation (perhaps in Portuguese) based on Italian naeri (plural, 1510; 1577 as Nairi in the passage translated in quot. 1598 at sense A.β. ). Compare French naire (1648 in passage translated in quot. 1660 at sense A.α. ). A. n. A member of a traditionally matrilineal Hindu ruling caste in Kerala, India. Formerly also in extended use.Before the period of British administration the caste included most of the royal and noble lineages and the military, and subsequently became prominent in the professions. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > [noun] > member of warrior caste or race myrmidonc1425 Mameluke1511 Nair1582 Rajput1598 Khatri1630 samurai1727 Singh1851 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun] > noble person or man > of other foreign countries > member of noble or military caste Nair1582 Rajput1598 Khatri1630 Kshatriyaa1792 Singh1851 samurai1874 α. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias i. xiv. 34 The house of the Nayres, which amongest the Malabars are Gentlemen. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 174 Many of the Malaber princes..lay all their hopes and fortunes on the Nairs. 1655 R. Fanshawe tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad vii. xxxix. 144 The Nayres onely go to war: Before Their King, they onely stand a Rampire trew Against his Foes. 1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 56 The third part of them are Naires, or Gentlemen. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 200 Did the privileged nobility..deserve to be looked on as the Nayres or Mamalukes of this age? View more context for this quotation 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 339 Their military is formed of the Nobility, called Naïrs, who possess the second rank in the State. 1824 J. G. Gorton tr. Voltaire Philos. Dict. VI. 396 The author of the Spirit of Laws asserts, that in the caste of Nairs, on the coast of Malabar, a man can have only one wife, while a woman may have several husbands. 1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 299 The Nairs have great faith in their superhuman knowledge. 1899 W. W. Hunter Hist. Brit. India I. iii. 111 For the recruitment of such troops good materials existed among the brave military caste of Nairs, the Malabar Christians. 1914 Amer. Hist. Rev. 19 232 Thus a Nâyar pollutes a higher caste by touch. 1922 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 187 Even the Nayar, when he addresses a Brahman, must use the language of deprecation. 1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) xii. 328 In some societies such as the Nayar of India's Malabar coast, one can be married without any expectation of sex with one's spouse. β. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. xlii. 77/2 Noblemen..called Nayros [Du. Nayros], which are souldiers, that doe onely weare and handle armes.1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 301 The Nayroes are his Lords; a sort of Mamaluck.1665 R. Head Eng. Rogue I. xlii. 90 The better sort of these people are call'd Nairo's, whose heads are cover'd with a low Tulipant, and their middles with a party-coloured Plad. B. adj. Of or relating to the Nairs. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > [adjective] > warrior caste or race myrmidonian1624 Nair1888 society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [adjective] > relating to the nobility > relating to noble person > of member of noble or military caste Rajput1616 Nair1888 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 51 Each State having a Representative..to act according to the Votes of the Nairos Gentry. 1780 J. Torlese Let. 5 Apr. in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1782) 70 44 I have taken the liberty to inclose you a drawing of a child which a Nair woman was delivered of the 28th of March at midnight. 1888 G. Smith Stephen Hislop (1889) iv. 98 A European officer of the Nair brigade felt aggrieved. 1921 E. Westermarck Hist. Human Nature II. xxix. 136 The present Nayar caste includes persons who, by hereditary occupation, are traders, artisans, oilmongers, and even barbers and washermen. 1955 M. Gluckman Custom & Confl. Afr. iii. 68 The father's rôle seems to have been reduced to a minimum among the Nayar castes of Malabar in India in the past. 1991 Current Anthropol. 32 227 Nayar communities..traditionally consisted of matrifocal rather than conjugal households. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1582
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