multipolaradj.

Brit.

/ˌmʌltɪˈpəʊlə/, U.S.

/ˌməltiˈpoʊlər/; see also multi- comb. form.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: multi- comb. form, polar adj.

Etymology: < multi- comb. form + polar adj. Compare German multipolar (attributed to R. Remak (1854) in H. Cottez Dict. des Structures du Vocab. Savant (ed. 4, 1985) at multi-¹), French multipolaire (1855). Compare earlier unipolar adj., unpolar adj.

1. Having more than two poles.

a. gen.

ΚΠ

1846 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 52 402 If masses are always bipolar, or multipolar, in their relations to other masses, atoms are the same.

1858 P. L. Hickok Rational Cosmol. 185 The whole principle of crystallogeny is in this combination of heat with polar matter, or the bringing together of these converse forces in such ratios and directions as will secure multipolar and multiaxial combinations.

1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 342 [In the Medusæ] the endoderm arises either at several points of the embryo or only at one point. In the first case the origin is multipolar, in the second unipolar.

1951 Jrnl. Philos. 48 381 This polarization is not a dualistic separation, as long maintained by metaphysical dualists, but a bi-polar or multi-polar distinction.

b. Anatomy. Of a nerve cell: having several or many processes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > many-sided or having parts

many-headed1537

many-sided1570

fertile-headed1632

versatile1656

multilateral1784

multilineala1800

polycephalic1850

multipolar1855

faceted1862

multicentral1864

arborescent1867

multisegmented1879

multisegmentate1880

multilinear1886

polycentric1887

many-faceted1890

1855 J. Drummond in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 443/2 Of the ganglia, it is exclusively the sympathetic which are made up of multipolar ganglion-cells.

1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 27/2 The cells of the spinal ganglia are usually rounded; those of the sympathetic more angular; those of the spinal cord multipolar.

1948 A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. xi. 354 The autonomic ganglion cells in most of the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and in the peripheral ganglia are usually multipolar and are characterized by possessing numerous and long dendrites.

1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) iv. 35/2 The nervous system is..composed of non-polarized multipolar and bipolar neurones.

c. Electrical Engineering. Of electrical machinery: having more than one pair of magnetic poles in the system of field magnets.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [adjective] > having many poles

unipolar1876

multipolar1884

1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 259 Formerly, in multipolar machines there were as many brushes as poles.

1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) xvi. 346 Since single-turn coils are almost invariably used with multipolar lap windings.

1964 N. N. Hancock Matrix Anal. Electr. Machinery v. 72 To apply the results to multipolar machines it will be necessary to reduce the speed and to increase the torque according to the number of pole-pairs.

1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons 713/2 He avoided this problem [of overheating] by inventing and patenting in 1867 an entirely different type of multipolar machine, which was used for electro-deposition and arc lighting.

d. Cell Biology. Having or involving more than two spindle poles.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > multipolarity

multipolar1894

tetrapolar1902

1894 Ann. Bot. 8 313 Nuclear divisions with multipolar spindles.

1912 E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa vii. 120 Where the division of the nucleus is of the karyokinetic type, repeated divisions of the centriole result in the formation of a complicated multipolar mitotic figure, leading to a multiple division of the nucleus.

1937 M. J. D. White Chromosomes ii. 19 In many cells such as those of cancerous tissues.., multipolar spindles with a number of equatorial planes intersecting one another are found.

1992 Pesticide Biochem. & Physiol. 44 50 Numerous multipolar mitotic figures are noted in Feulgen-stained specimens.

2. Politics. Consisting of or divided into more than two opposed or competing alliances, parties, factions, concepts, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [adjective] > specific system

bi-party1898

rotativist1907

bipartisan1909

multi-party1909

multipolar1952

multi-partist1954

tripartisan1959

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [adjective] > multilateral relations

multilateral1858

bilateral1935

multipolar1952

trilateral1965

1952 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 17 646/1 With this multipolar heterogeneity, Louisiana has built a monolithic political structure.

1968 Guardian 4 Dec. 4/6 The most profound challenge to American policy will be..to develop some concept of order in a world which is bipolar militarily but multipolar politically.

1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 23 Feb. 18/4 With the dissolution of one of the two superpowers, the world has become multipolar.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	multipolar
释义	multipolaradj. Brit. /ˌmʌltɪˈpəʊlə/, U.S. /ˌməltiˈpoʊlər/; see also multi- comb. form. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: multi- comb. form, polar adj. Etymology: < multi- comb. form + polar adj. Compare German multipolar (attributed to R. Remak (1854) in H. Cottez Dict. des Structures du Vocab. Savant (ed. 4, 1985) at multi-¹), French multipolaire (1855). Compare earlier unipolar adj., unpolar adj. 1. Having more than two poles. a. gen. ΚΠ 1846 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 52 402 If masses are always bipolar, or multipolar, in their relations to other masses, atoms are the same. 1858 P. L. Hickok Rational Cosmol. 185 The whole principle of crystallogeny is in this combination of heat with polar matter, or the bringing together of these converse forces in such ratios and directions as will secure multipolar and multiaxial combinations. 1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 342 [In the Medusæ] the endoderm arises either at several points of the embryo or only at one point. In the first case the origin is multipolar, in the second unipolar. 1951 Jrnl. Philos. 48 381 This polarization is not a dualistic separation, as long maintained by metaphysical dualists, but a bi-polar or multi-polar distinction. b. Anatomy. Of a nerve cell: having several or many processes. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > variety > [adjective] > many-sided or having parts many-headed1537 many-sided1570 fertile-headed1632 versatile1656 multilateral1784 multilineala1800 polycephalic1850 multipolar1855 faceted1862 multicentral1864 arborescent1867 multisegmented1879 multisegmentate1880 multilinear1886 polycentric1887 many-faceted1890 1855 J. Drummond in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 443/2 Of the ganglia, it is exclusively the sympathetic which are made up of multipolar ganglion-cells. 1885 Encycl. Brit. XIX. 27/2 The cells of the spinal ganglia are usually rounded; those of the sympathetic more angular; those of the spinal cord multipolar. 1948 A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. xi. 354 The autonomic ganglion cells in most of the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk and in the peripheral ganglia are usually multipolar and are characterized by possessing numerous and long dendrites. 1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) iv. 35/2 The nervous system is..composed of non-polarized multipolar and bipolar neurones. c. Electrical Engineering. Of electrical machinery: having more than one pair of magnetic poles in the system of field magnets. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical engineering > operation of machinery > [adjective] > having many poles unipolar1876 multipolar1884 1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 259 Formerly, in multipolar machines there were as many brushes as poles. 1938 A. E. Clayton Performance & Design Direct Current Machines (ed. 2) xvi. 346 Since single-turn coils are almost invariably used with multipolar lap windings. 1964 N. N. Hancock Matrix Anal. Electr. Machinery v. 72 To apply the results to multipolar machines it will be necessary to reduce the speed and to increase the torque according to the number of pole-pairs. 1993 Dict. National Biogr.: Missing Persons 713/2 He avoided this problem [of overheating] by inventing and patenting in 1867 an entirely different type of multipolar machine, which was used for electro-deposition and arc lighting. d. Cell Biology. Having or involving more than two spindle poles. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > multipolarity multipolar1894 tetrapolar1902 1894 Ann. Bot. 8 313 Nuclear divisions with multipolar spindles. 1912 E. A. Minchin Introd. Study Protozoa vii. 120 Where the division of the nucleus is of the karyokinetic type, repeated divisions of the centriole result in the formation of a complicated multipolar mitotic figure, leading to a multiple division of the nucleus. 1937 M. J. D. White Chromosomes ii. 19 In many cells such as those of cancerous tissues.., multipolar spindles with a number of equatorial planes intersecting one another are found. 1992 Pesticide Biochem. & Physiol. 44 50 Numerous multipolar mitotic figures are noted in Feulgen-stained specimens. 2. Politics. Consisting of or divided into more than two opposed or competing alliances, parties, factions, concepts, etc. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > [adjective] > specific system bi-party1898 rotativist1907 bipartisan1909 multi-party1909 multipolar1952 multi-partist1954 tripartisan1959 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > [adjective] > multilateral relations multilateral1858 bilateral1935 multipolar1952 trilateral1965 1952 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 17 646/1 With this multipolar heterogeneity, Louisiana has built a monolithic political structure. 1968 Guardian 4 Dec. 4/6 The most profound challenge to American policy will be..to develop some concept of order in a world which is bipolar militarily but multipolar politically. 1992 N.Y. Times Mag. 23 Feb. 18/4 With the dissolution of one of the two superpowers, the world has become multipolar. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1846
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