multipliern.
/ˈmʌltᵻplʌɪə/, U.S. /ˈməltəˌplaɪər/ 1. † b. An animal that reproduces rapidly or in large numbers. Obsolete. rare.
a. A person who or thing which multiplies or causes something to increase or proliferate. †multiplier of words (figurative): a deceiver (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > increase in quantity, number, or frequency > one who or that which
multipliera1470
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 917 That same man..ys an inchaunter and a multiplier of wordis.
1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 11v Loue..thoo that be the grete multiplyers, that is to saye, the commones that labour the erth.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 1629 (MED) Fire and erth be multipliers allone, And thei be causers of multipliyng of our stone.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. xliiiv Money the multiplier of iniquitie.
1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety v. 81 Broils and quarrels, which are alone the great accumulators and multipliers of injuries.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xlvi. 180 Multiplyers of Law-suits.
1835 J. Hodgson Hist. Northumberland: Pt. III III. p. iv Doubt and uncertainty are great multipliers of words.
1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. ii. 35 At the surface of the body, where the extremities of nerve-fibres are so placed as to be most easily disturbed, we..find..multipliers of disturbances.
1962 A. Battersby Guide to Stock Control viii. 77 Another multiplier of stock items is the non-standard product.
1992 J. Henley et al. Rival States (BNC) Their experts are not infallible, as when the World Bank boosted tourism in the 1960s as a sure-fire multiplier of development.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] > procreator, parent, or origin
motherOE
stallionc1305
childbearera1382
getterc1390
begetter1440
procreator1548
propagator1585
procreatrix1593
breeder1594
procreatress1597
pregnatress1651
multiplier1660
parent1670
propagatrix1803
baby-maker1968
1660 J. Childrey Britannia Baconica 19 The Pilchard is a little fish, and a great multiplier.
1682 R. Nobbes Compl. Troller iii. 8 He is a great Breeder and Multi-plier.
c. More fully multiplier onion. A variety of onion, Allium cepa (Aggregatum group) that produces multiple lateral bulbs. Also called potato onion.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion > other types of onion
hollekec1000
chibol1362
scallion1393
oniona1398
chesbollc1410
oinet?1440
red onionc1450
sybow1574
green onion1577
Strasbourg onion1629
cibol1632
Portugal onion1647
Spanish onion1706
Welsh onion1731
spring onion1758
Reading1784
rareripe1788
yellow onion1816
onionet1820
potato onion1822
tripoli1822
escalion1847
stone-leek1861
Egyptian onion1880
ramp1885
multiplier1907
ramps1939
Vidalia1969
tree onion-
1907 A. French Bk. Vegetables & Garden Herbs 174 ‘Potato onions’ or ‘multipliers’ being compound onions of which the parts of bulbels are planted separately.
1923 H. C. Thompson Veg. Crops xxii. 263 White Multiplier, and Yellow Multiplier (potato onion) and the Egyptian or Perennial Tree onion are grown for early bunching onions.
1994 J. L. Brewster Onions & Other Vegetable Alliums i. 6 Shallots and multiplier onions can complete a cycle of leaf growth and bulbing in 60–75 days.
d. A farmer or grower who keeps stock or grows crops specifically for breeding, in order to increase the numbers of a breed or variety, provide animals for other farmers for meat, milk, or egg production, produce large quantities of seed, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun]
tiliec1000
acremanOE
husbanda1300
husbandmanc1384
farmer1528
breeder1547
farmeress1595
colona1640
agricole1656
georgic1703
agricultor1766
Farmer Giles1770
agriculturer1776
agriculturalist1788
culturist1814
fazendeiro1825
bartoner1832
agriculturist1849
culturalist1866
farmerette1901
dry-land farmer1914
drylander1921
Eurofarmer1957
multiplier1969
pick-your-owner1969
1969 T. West in R. Blythe Akenfield xi. 180 And soon I became a ‘multiplier’, breeding foundation stock to produce cows for the rich farmer.
1988 Harrowsmith Jan. 57/3 It can be a long journey from the seed breeder to the multiplier to the packager to, finally, your own seed company, which measures the seeds into packets.
1997 Jrnl. Appl. Microbiol. 83 693 These pigs were kept on two multiplier farms.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > counterfeiting > [noun] > person who
falser1340
false-bullera1400
money-makerc1450
multipliera1500
counterfeiter1534
false-coiner1574
coiner1578
counterfeit1606
ben-feaker1612
venter1629
voucher1673
falsifiera1682
utterer1731
figure-dancer1796
boodler1872
paper-pusher1928
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > chemical digestion > one who performs
multipliera1500
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 336 The multiplier doth hym begyle.
c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 681 False vsurers, Multyplyers, coyn wasshers & clyppers.
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.vv Golde smythes and grote clypper Multyplyers and clothe thyckers.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxix Farre exceadinge all the Alcumisticall multipliers that euer were.
1585 R. Bostocke Difference Aunc. & Latter Phisicke sig. Cii When they had wasted their owne substance they proceeded to exercise deceite..which mooued princes in their countreyes to make Lawes agaynst Multiplyers as they were termed.
3.
a. Mathematics. A quantity by which another quantity (the multiplicand) is to be multiplied.Thus in 3 × 7, 7 is the multiplicand and 3 the multiplier.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > multiplication > multiplier or multiplicand
multipliantc1450
multiplicator1543
multiplier1543
multiplicand1594
factor1658
multiplied1660
coefficient1708
geniture1718
multiplicative1727
factor1779
weight1825
conversion factor1918
scale factor1948
co-factor-
1543 R. Record Ground of Artes i. sig. G.viii The multiplyer or multyplycatour, that is to saye the nomber, by whyche multyplycation is made.
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 23 Then take the second figure of the Multiplier, and proceed..as before.
1706 W. Jones Synopsis Palmarorium Matheseos 17 Both Multiplicand and Multiplier are call'd Factors.
1798 C. Hutton Course Math. I. 15 We shall multiply all the parts of the multiplicand by all the parts of the multiplier.
1854 Orr's Circle Sci.: Math. 163 A figure, or number, prefixed to a letter, as a multiplier, is called the coefficient of that letter.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 446/1 The term.., although very small in itself, receives in the integration of the differential equations a multiplier of about 2,200,000.
1940 W. J. Eckert Punched Card Methods Sci. Computation ii. 6 In the multiplying machine the multiplicand and multiplier are read from the card.
1992 Police Chief Feb. 28/3 Over and above the current hourly rate requested by the attorney, the court may apply a ‘lodestar’ (multiplier) of as much as 1.5 or more to increase the fees.
b. Economics. A quantity representing the factor by which the return on (esp. governmental) expenditure exceeds the expenditure itself, under various economic conditions.A multiplier may be calculated as a direct ratio of return over expenditure (where both quantities are expressed as sums of money), or as a ratio of percentage change in return over percentage change in expenditure.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects
overheating1609
consumption1662
supply1744
production1767
demand1776
effective demand1819
employment rate1833
equilibrium1871
opportunity cost1894
bankers' ramp1931
multiplier1936
multiplier effect1937
market forces1942
cost push1952
externality1957
fiscal drag1964
demand-side1975
1936 J. M. Keynes Gen. Theory Employment x. 113 A definite ratio, to be called the Multiplier, can be established between income and investment and..between the total employment and the employment directly employed on investment.
1940 G. Crowther Outl. Money v. 157 In the upward process, the change in the National Income necessary to restore balance and reverse the trend [downwards] may be very many times larger than the original discrepancy... Thus a small original change results in a large ultimate change in the National Income. The ratio between them is usually known as the ‘multiplier’.
1963 Economist 9 Feb. 481/2 A direct injection of £500 million of new Government spending can sometimes increase total national spending by £1,000 million (i.e. a multiplier of two).
1964 J. Gould & W. L. Kolb Dict. Social Sci. 449/1 Multiplier... The term denotes the process (or the index, or coefficient, measuring such a process) whereby initial changes within economic systems (e.g. changes in the levels of investment) have cumulative and, in principle, measurable effects upon the system, its components and its equilibrium.
1974 B. Pearce tr. S. Amin Accumulation on World Scale I. ii. 223 Modern economics has stressed the ‘multiplier’ aspect of most economic phenomena.
1991 Struct. Change & Econ. Dynamics 2 100 The multiplier–accelerator (and more generally, the disequilibrium) theories of the cycle fell out of favour with the economic profession during the 1960s.
4.
a. Any of various devices for increasing an electrical or magnetic effect, esp. by repetitive action; spec. (a) a device for building up an electrostatic charge by repeated action; (b) a coil of wire used in a galvanometer or electromagnet to increase the strength of the magnetic field; (also) †a galvanometer employing such a coil (obsolete); (c) a photomultiplier. Cf. doubler n.2 3b.electron, frequency multiplier: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > [noun] > measurement of force > instrument for > increasing intensity
multiplier1795
multiplicator1823
1795 T. Cavallo Compl. Treat. Electr. III. 98 With this machine, which..we shall call the Multiplier of Electricity, the accumulation of the communicated power does not advance..so quick as with the doubler.
1795 T. Cavallo Compl. Treat. Electr. III. 106 I shall now describe a few experiments made with this multiplier.
1823 Ann. Philos. New Ser. 5 436 M. Schweigger's electromagnetic Multiplier.
1858 H. M. Noad Man. Electr. i. 66 Of the various instruments that have been termed ‘multipliers’ and ‘doublers’ we shall only describe the multiplier of Cavallo.
1866 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics (ed. 2) ii. ii. 630 The name galvanometer, multiplier, or rheometer is given to a very delicate apparatus by which the existence, direction, and intensity of currents may be determined. It was invented by Schweigger.
1877 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves 150 The nerve..exhibits a difference which the multiplier is incapable of indicating.
1901 Electr. Rev. 15 Mar. 440/1 Prof. Slaby claims to have greatly increased the accuracy and strength of the received signals by the use of a simple instrument which he calls a ‘multiplier’.
1930 Engineering 31 Oct. 543/2 The first multiplier circuit has an input of about 40 watts at 2,000 volts, when used as a doubler.
1938 J. B. Hoag Electron & Nucl. Physics vi. 127 In another form of multiplier tube, electrons are oscillated back and forth between two surfaces which are good secondary emitters... At each impact of the electrons with the cathode surfaces, the number of electrons is appreciably multiplied.
1950 K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. (ed. 4) xiii. 558 The multiplier phototube has a number of advantages compared with a phototube and separate amplifier.
1973 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 333/1 Because fewer gain stages with higher interstage voltages are needed, the speed of the multipliers has been improved.
2000 Fractals 8 219 The circuit is composed of a noise generator, an analog multiplier and an integration circuit.
b. Electronics. A resistor placed in series with a voltmeter (or ammeter) to increase the range of voltages it can measure by a known factor. Also multiplier resistor.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electronics > electronic devices or components > [noun]
reflex1924
electronics1948
multiplier1960
electronica1980
1960 N. M. Cooke & J. Markus Electronics & Nucleonics Dict. 298/1 Multiplier, a resistor used in series with a voltmeter to increase the voltage range. Scale readings are then multiplied by a factor equal to the ratio of total resistance (meter resistance plus multiplier resistor value) to meter resistance.
1963 A. F. Abbott Ordinary Level Physics xli. 536 A milliammeter may by used as a millivoltmeter. Larger potential differences may be measured by placing a high resistance or multiplier in series with the milliammeter.
1970 Single Sideband for Radio Amateur (Amer. Radio Relay League) (ed. 5) iii. 77/2 The metering system consists of a single 0-1-ma. meter which may be switched either across a multiplier resistor..or to an output-indicating circuit.
1982 Giant Bk. Electronics Projects ii. 102 The multiplier resistor will give a reading of .9.
5. Angling. A reel geared so that the spool turns faster than the handle as the latter is turned. Cf. multiplying adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > reel > [noun] > types of
click reel1824
salmon reel1841
multiplier1847
salmon winch1883
casting-reel1892
check-reel1892
Nottingham1898
1847 T. T. Stoddart Angler's Compan. 47 Whatever advantages the multiplier and rack-wheel may be esteemed to possess, these..are counterbalanced by the liability such adaptations incur to become disturbed in their action.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling i. 13 The best reels..are the plain reels... Do not have a multiplier even at a gift.
1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. v. iv. §3. 349 Though the multiplier is very pretty in theory, yet it is constantly failing in practice.
1897 Outing 30 262/1 On my reel, finest and most powerful of multipliers, I carried a thousand feet of line.
1969 V. Canning Queen's Pawn i. 2 The big sea trout were in the river... A six pounder leapt and line went whipping off the multiplier.
1987 Trout & Salmon Mar. 34/3 Cranking away with a multiplier, during a fight, for example, would just cause the slipping clutch to go.
6. An instrument or unit for performing arithmetical multiplications.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > mathematical instruments > [noun]
mathematical instrument1588
rectificatory1593
pantometer1597
sector1598
holometer1696
multiplier1875
horn-centre1879
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1496/2 Multiplier, an arithmometer for performing calculations in multiplication.
1948 Nature 8 May 712/1 Any digital computing machine..must have arithmetical units, such as adders and multipliers.
1969 J. J. Sparkes Transistor Switching viii. 200 In the accumulator of this multiplier it is convenient to use flip-flops..which have two separate logic and pulse inputs.
1972 Daily Tel. 5 Apr. 10 (advt.) The world's fastest and smoothest mechanical multiplier. Operates at 360 rpm, lists 10 columns and totals 11.
1992 RS Components: Electronic & Electr. Products July 299/1 Programmable count controllers... The range comprises of a Divider, Multiplier and a Pulse Timer.
Compounds
multiplier effect n. chiefly Economics an effect whereby under certain conditions a relatively small change in input of some kind (esp. levels of investment or expenditure) may produce a relatively large change in output; cf. sense 3b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects
overheating1609
consumption1662
supply1744
production1767
demand1776
effective demand1819
employment rate1833
equilibrium1871
opportunity cost1894
bankers' ramp1931
multiplier1936
multiplier effect1937
market forces1942
cost push1952
externality1957
fiscal drag1964
demand-side1975
1937 Rev. Econ. Stud. 4 110 Some individual entrepreneurs..thought it profitable to construct new plants. Did each take account of the multiplier effect of his own and others' actions?
1963 Economist 16 Feb. 619/1 The multiplier effect..of an injection of purchasing power into personal incomes..is unlikely to exceed unity and may be as low as 0·7.
1965 Listener 16 Sept. 405/2 What we can do is to concentrate our help where it will have the highest multiplier effect.
1989 Daily Tel. 22 Sept. (Japan 1992 Suppl.) p. iv/7 It is going to create a lot of work from what is known as the multiplier effect.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.a1470