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单词 mountain
释义

mountainn.adj.

Brit. /ˈmaʊntᵻn/, U.S. /ˈmaʊnt(ə)n/
Forms: Middle English monetain, Middle English monetan, Middle English montaine, Middle English montan, Middle English montane, Middle English montanse (plural), Middle English montayn, Middle English montayngnes (plural), Middle English monteine, Middle English monteyn, Middle English monteyne, Middle English mounteigny, Middle English mountein, Middle English mounten, Middle English mounteyne, Middle English movntan, Middle English mowntan, Middle English mowntane, Middle English mowntaunce (transmission error), Middle English mowntayne, Middle English mowntayng, Middle English mownteayne (plural), Middle English mownteyn, Middle English mownteyne, Middle English mowyntenys (transmission error), Middle English muntain, Middle English muntayne, Middle English 1700s montagne, Middle English–1500s monetayn, Middle English–1500s montaigne, Middle English–1500s montayne, Middle English–1500s mountaigne, Middle English–1500s mountayn, Middle English–1500s mounteyn, Middle English–1600s mountaine, Middle English–1600s mountayne, Middle English– mountain, 1500s montaign, 1500s mounteine, 1600s mountagne, 1800s mounteing (U.S. regional), 1800s– mounting (U.S. regional), 1900s– muntain (Irish English (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 montaigne, pre-1700 montaine, pre-1700 montan, pre-1700 montane, pre-1700 montangneze (plural), pre-1700 montayn, pre-1700 montayne, pre-1700 montean, pre-1700 monttan, pre-1700 mountaigne, pre-1700 mountan, pre-1700 mountane, pre-1700 mountayn, pre-1700 mountene, pre-1700 1700s mountaine, pre-1700 1700s– mountain, pre-1700 1700s– muntain, 1700s mounting, 1800s moontin (Shetland), 1900s– muntan, 1900s– muntin.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French montain, montaigne.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman montain, montaine, mountaine, muntaine, muntaigne, etc., and Old French montaigne, montangne, etc. (early twelfth cent.; Middle French, French montagne ; in figurative sense from mid 17th cent.) < post-classical Latin montanea (feminine) mountain region (12th cent.), use as noun of feminine singular (or perhaps originally of neuter plural) of montaneus of or belonging to mountains (1324 in a British source; conjectured for a text dated 12th cent. or earlier), alteration (after campaneus of or belonging to fields, plains) of classical Latin montānus of or belonging to mountains (with use as noun compare classical Latin montāna , neuter plural, and post-classical Latin montana , feminine singular (Vetus Latina; after ancient Greek ὀρεινή mountain)) < mont- , mōns mount n.1 + -ānus -an suffix. Compare Old Occitan montagna (c1200; c1300 as montayna; 14th cent. as montanha), Portuguese montanha (early 9th cent. in form montana; 1258 in form montagna), Spanish montaña (mid 12th cent.), Italian montagna (a1294).A number of the collocations have Latin antecedents. With mountain peak (see Compounds 1a) compare post-classical Latin montana apex (13th cent. in a British source). With mountain torrent (see Compounds 1b) compare post-classical Latin montanus torrens (6th cent. in a British source). With mountain journey (see Compounds 1b) compare classical Latin montānum iter . With mountain beast (see Compounds 1c) compare classical Latin montāna fera . With mountain wolf (see Compounds 1c) compare classical Latin montānus lupus.
A. n.
I. Literal uses.
1.
a. A large natural elevation of the earth's surface, esp. one high and steep in form (larger and higher than a hill) and with a summit of relatively small area.With regard to the modern limitation of use see also hill n. Down to the 18th cent. often applied to elevations of moderate altitude (cf. e.g. quots. 1765, 1773). the mountains: formerly often used poetically with connotations of a region remote from civilization.to make a mountain (out) of a molehill: see molehill n. 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun]
barrowc885
mountainc1275
Alpa1450
reek1776
ben1788
berg1840
tier1850
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1282 Bi þe montaine of Azare.
c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 25673 To on heh montayne he þan mayde ladde.
c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 39 (MED) Þe Lyoun..hideþ his trace wiþ his tayl whan he fleiȝeþ by þe mountaynes, þat he ne be nouȝth yfounde.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 2619 (MED) Þe werwolf hem ladde ouer mures & muntaynes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1776 (MED) Þe water wex oute ouer þe plains; Þe bestes ran þan to monetains.
a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 2 (MED) An wha sal wne wid þe in þe muntain þat es sua briht?
c1460 J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 782 Mystes blake..At whos vprist mounteyns be made so fayr.
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxii. 198 They sawe a rowt of Englysshmen commynge downe a lytell mountayne a horse~backe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. i. 47 Fit for the Mountaines, and the barbarous Caues, Where manners nere were preach'd. View more context for this quotation
a1645 E. Waller Palamede to Zelinde 19 Great Iulius, on the Mountaines bred, A flock perhaps or herd had led.
1685 J. Dryden tr. Horace Odes i. ix, in Sylvæ sig. I8v Behold yon' Mountain's hoary height Made higher with new Mounts of Snow.
1738 in 3rd Bk. Rec. Southampton (N.Y.) (1878) 94 He or they shall have liberty to go round ye said hills or mountains.
1765 P. Thicknesse Observ. Customs French Nation 39 St. Germain [near Paris] is situated upon a very high mountain.
1773 G. White Let. 9 Dec. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 163 That chain of majestic mountains [sc. the Sussex Downs].
1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. v. 156 In common language, mountains are distinguished from hills only by annexing to them the idea of a superior height... Geologists have aimed at greater precision; Pini and Mitterpachter call any earthy elevation a mountain whose declivity makes with the horizon an angle of at least 13°, and whose perpendicular height is not less than 1/ 5 of the declivity.
1850 W. Allingham Poems 87 Up the airy mountain Down the rushy glen.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Merlin & Vivien 525 in Idylls of King Writ in a language that has long gone by. So long, that mountains have arisen since With cities on their flanks.
1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth viii. 131 The mountains..have long ago been base-levelled by denudation to the existing peneplanes of the Canadian Shield.
1987 M. Collins Angel iii. 34 She didn't like the way the clouds behind the mountain kept gathering.
†b. An artificial hill or tumulus. Also in extended use. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > artificial
mountain1548
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxvij Twoo trees were mixed one with the other together on a high mountaigne, couered with grene Damaske, the same trees were artifically wrought.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 584 The Lorde Talbot..enuironed the towne of Depe, with depe trenches, and great mountaynes.
1590 E. Webbe Rare & Wonderfull Things (new ed.) sig. Dv There are seuen Mountaines builded on the out side, like vnto ye point of a Diamond, which mountaines were builded in King Pharos time for to keepe corne in.
1636 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavelli Disc. 1st Decade T. Livius 423 They made towres of wood, or cast up mountaines of earth, which leaned upon the wall on the outside.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors v. 207 We found in that vault, upon the very top of the Mountain, Muscle-shels, and in some places such abundance of them, as would induce a man to imagine, that the Rock was made up of sand and shels... We observ'd all along the Caspian Sea, many of these shelly Mountains.
c. A landform on the moon or other planet analogous to a mountain on earth.
ΚΠ
1584 B. Rich Don Simonides II. sig. Pivv Euripides..faines that the Moone had valleis and mountaines in her.
1622 E. Chaloner Sixe Serm. 24 He needs not with Galileus vse perspectiue Glasses to descry Mountaynes in the Moone.
1651 R. Child Large Let. in S. Hartlib Legacie 80 The Seleno-scope, which discovereth Mountaines in the Moone, divers stars, and new planets.
1767 Philos. Trans. 1766 (Royal Soc.) 56 268 The mountains in the moon must be very high and hollow.
1816 W. Combe Eng. Dance of Death II. 40 He..Would bask in the Meridian Noon, And clamber Mountains in the Moon.
1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. ii. 49 Venus contains mountain ridges upwards of 25 miles in height.
1966 Earth-Sci. Rev. 1 231 The mountains and lesser eminences generally form parts of the ‘ringwalls’ of maria and craters.
1992 A. Roy Oxf. Illustr. Encycl. Universe 74/2 The geology [of Io] is dominated by volcanic processes, yielding three kinds of surface features: vent regions..; plains; and mountains up to 9 km high.
†d. Heraldry. = mount n.1 1d. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > other heraldic representations > [noun] > hill
mount1610
mountain1610
hill?1828
1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie iii. iv. 96 The Field is Or, a Mountaine Azure, inflamed proper.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 479/2 The second [figure] is a Mountain, or Mount Trebble mounted, or a Hill of three ascents.
e. Irish English and English regional (northern). As a mass noun: rough unenclosed pastureland, often on the slope of a hill. Cf. mountain-land n. (a) at Compounds 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > grassland > [noun] > pasture > other types of pasture
fritha1552
bruery1573
agistment1598
mountain1780
zuur-veldt1785
boosey pasture1794
rough grazing1802
outrun1870
1780 Farmer's Mag. May 142 All wastes in Ireland that are not bog they call mountain.
1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 30 (Ireland) Large tracts are in what is there called ‘mountain’; but the term is applied to all waste land on which young cattle and sheep are fed until they are fit to be sent into the richer pastures.
a1903 S. K. Craven in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 179/2 [W. Yorkshire] The land isn't worth much; it's only mountain.
II. Extended uses.
2.
a. A huge heap or pile; a great mass. Usually with of. mountain of ice n. an iceberg. Cf. icy mountain n. at icy adj. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [noun] > largeness of volume or bulkiness > and solidity > that which is
mountaina1450
hillc1450
mill-post1562
the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > iceberg > [noun]
island of ice1613
shoal1648
ice hill1694
ice rock1704
iceberg1784
mountain of ice1818
berg1823
a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xiii. 625 (MED) A gret Mownteyn Of hors & Men..there weren Slayn.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 333 The mounteins of bodyes were a-boute hem so grete that noon myght come to hem but launchinge.
1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya ii. 13 Hauing mountaines of fleeting Ise on euery side, we went romer for one, & loofed for another.
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H8 Let vs to the field,..and sacrifice Mountaines of breathlesse men to Mahomet.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 iii. ii. 157 Shee..plaste an enuious mountaine on my backe, Where sits deformity to mocke my bodie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. iv. 155 But for the Mountaine of mad flesh that claimes mariage of me, I could finde in my heart to stay heere still. View more context for this quotation
1639 G. Daniel Ecclus. xiii. 26 Hee..Promises mountaines, brings thee to his feast, And doth subvert thy Reason, in thy Tast.
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 157 Mountains of Fish salted on the Beach.
1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 313 They promis'd Mountains of Gold and Silver to me.
1792 J. Byng Diary 4 July in Torrington Diaries (1936) III. 156 There is..a fine hall, finely warm'd..with mountains of coals, upon forest-grates.
1818 M. W. Shelley Frankenstein III. 164 I am surrounded by mountains of ice, which admit of no escape, and threaten every moment to crush my vessel.
1830 T. B. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1880) I. 157 We have oceans of beer, and mountains of potatoes, for dinner.
1871 G. MacDonald At Back of North Wind i. 14 ‘Come along, then,’ said North Wind, and disappeared behind the mountain of hay.
1904 ‘O. Henry’ in World Mag. 27 Mar. 10/4 At the cashier's desk sits Bogle... Behind a mountain of toothpicks he makes your change.
1959 F. Maclean Back to Bokhara ii. 88 A veritable mountain of pilav or plov—rice cooked in mutton fat.
1993 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 4 Nov. 57/1 There is the Titanic-swift departure in the presence of a floating mountain of ice.
b. figurative. A mass, quantity, or amount impressive by its vast proportions.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > vastness of quantity or amount > (a) vast quantity or amount
worldOE
seaa1200
fernc1325
mountain1570
ocean1590
microcosm1611
immensity1778
vast1793
worldful1835
oceanful1838
megaton1971
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. *jv Easy wayes are made, by which the zelous Philosopher, may wyn nere this Riuerish Ida, this Mountayne of Contemplation.
1574 R. Scot Perfite Platf. of Hoppe Garden (1578) 60 Such as haue Mountaynes in fantasie and beggery in possession.
1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 111 They heard, that all that followed Cyrus gathered mountaines of wealth.
1634 T. Heywood Maidenhead Lost ii, in Wks. (1874) IV. 120 Thou hast ouerwhelm'd vpon my aged head Mountaines of griefe.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 183 The favour of a King can remove mountains of infamy.
1847 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) xxxvii. 373 ‘You know it!’ said Mr Carker, with a great appearance of relief. ‘It removes a mountain from my breast.’
1894 C. H. H. Parry Stud. Great Composers: Beethoven 171 The word ‘memory’ carries a mountain of meaning.
1999 Nouse (York Univ.) Mar. (Muse Suppl.) 3/3 It can seem like they're just trying to hide the melody under a mountain of static.
c. A stockpile, a surplus, esp. of a designated type of food. Cf. lake n.4 1b.Originally used in relation to Common Market agricultural policy.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > that which is stored or a store > in excess of need
overstock1710
superstock1873
mountain1969
1969 Times 10 Sept. 11/4 In Germany..they are beginning to resent it [sc. the price for protection], as the sardonic remarks in the supermarkets about the ‘Butter Mountain’ reveal.
1974 Daily Tel. 5 Feb. 2/4 It is intervention buying that leads to the creation of the Common Market's notorious commodity ‘mountains’.
1975 Times 7 Feb. 4/8 The prospect of a ‘cheese mountain’ in the EEC.
1984 Daily Tel. 18 Aug. 2/8 The Common Market now has a ‘doctor mountain’ to compare with its butter mountain.
1987 Good Housek. (U.K. ed.) Nov. 11/1 Food production in Europe has swollen to totally unmanageable proportions bequeathing to its member states a mountain of grain of almost 17 million tonnes.
1994 Daily Mail (Nexis) 3 Dec. 8 Over his Commission-approved breakfast of muesli, Italian UHT milk and double-pasteurized Euro-diet cheese from the cheese mountain, he opened his mail.
3. mountain of piety n. [After French mont de piété Mont de Piété n. and Italian monte di pietà Monte di Pietà n.] Now chiefly historical. Latterly also humorous = Mount of Piety n.With allusion to Mont de Piété n. and Monte di Pietà n.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > loan-shop
mountain of piety1617
loan-house1622
Mount of Pietya1630
Monte di Pietà1654
loan-bank1662
loan-office1720
Mount of Pity1792
lending-house1797
Mont de Piété1840
loan-shop1849
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 93 A house called the mountaine of piety, where poore men may borrow money freely, bringing pawnes.
1797 W. Johnston tr. J. Beckmann Hist. Inventions & Discov. III. 18 The Pope declared the holy mountains of piety..to be legal.
1891 Daily News 15 Apr. 7/1 You had to resort to what is called ‘climbing the mountain of piety’?.. Yes, I had to pledge nearly all my jewellery.
2002 www.catholiccatechism.homestead.com 7 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) We should pray and work toward the day, when there are again Mountains of Piety to aid the poor in their necessity!
4. A variety of Malaga wine, made from grapes grown on the mountains. Cf. earlier mountain wine n. at Compounds 2a. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > Spanish wines > [noun]
Alicantc1500
tent1542
hollock1576
tinto1599
Malaga1608
sherry1608
Peter-see-me1617
arrope1622
steelback1633
Peter1679
mountain wine1700
mountain Malaga1705
mountain1710
benecarlo1734
Pedro Ximenez1801
Algarbe1823
Valdepeñas1832
Rioja1863
Tarragona1888
margarita1903
rosado1956
Albariño1972
Spanish1977
cava1978
Tempranillo1989
1710 London Gaz. No. 4782/3 There is also good Mountain..to be Retaled at 6s. 6d. per Gallon.
1730 H. Fielding Rape upon Rape iv. vi. 51 Women love White best.—Boy, bring half a pint of Mountain.
1851 C. Redding Hist. Mod. Wines (ed. 3) vii. 201 Very little old Mountain or Malaga sweet wine is grown at present.
1959 W. James Word-bk. Wine 128 Henderson, in his History of Ancient and Modern Wines, refers to some bottled Mountain which got buried in the fire of London and was found in good condition when dug up 150 years later.
1984 Listener 26 July 16/2 In the 18th century mountain was one of our most fashionable wines; indeed, by the turn of the 19th century it had become more popular than sherry.
5. French History. [After French la Montagne (1792), so called from the fact that the party occupied the most elevated position in the chamber of assembly.] With the and capital initial. An extreme party in the National Convention during the French Revolution, led by Robespierre and Danton. Also (in extended use): any of several later political groups or parties of extreme views. Cf. plain n.1 6.The term was applied in England to an extreme party in parliament at the close of the 18th and beginning of the 19th cent., and was revived in France c1848 to describe the extreme republican party of that time. In Britain also applied to a group of Conservatives at the beginning of the 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > extreme party
mountain1794
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > other British parties
digger1649
levellers1762
country party1763
court-party1763
mountain1829
fourth party1880
S.D.F.1893
S.D.P.1908
Bloomsbury gang1910
National Front1937
NF1970
society > authority > rule or government > politics > British politics > British party politics > [noun] > Toryism or conservatism > a Tory or conservative > group or section of
whimsical1714
young England1836
mountain1965
1792 Pref. Explan. New Terms in Ann. Reg. p. xii The Mountain. The higher or most elevated seats in the hall of the Assembly; occupied by the violent revolutionists, or democrats.]
1794 H. L. Piozzi Diary Apr. in K. C. Balderston Thraliana (1942) II. 880 Now altho' these Texts agree literally with Babylon, I have an Idea they agree typically and figuratively with what is now called the Mountain par Eminence, or French Convention.
1799 J. Adolphus Biogr. Mem. French Revol. II. 5 The Mountain availed themselves of the pretended circumstances, to impute the fact to their political antagonists.
1829 H. Hardinge Let. 19 June in C. Arbuthnot Corr. (1941) 116 It would, if true, keep the high Whigs disunited from the Mountain, & assist our union with our old Tory party.
1848 S. Wilberforce in R. G. Wilberforce Life S. Wilberforce (1881) II. 11 The high ‘Mountain’ party attended in force [a meeting of the National Society] on a summons sent round by Mr. G. Denison.
1880 B. Disraeli Endymion III. viii. 78 There is this difference between the English Mountain and the French. The English Mountain has its government prepared.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 937/1 The Girondists were mainly theorists and thinkers, whereas the Mountain was composed almost entirely of uncompromising men of action.
1965 Polit. Q. 36 257 Among the Supporters of the Government [in the Parliament of 1918] was the National Party led by Sir Henry Page-Croft, and a group of Conservative backbenchers (the ‘Mountain’), not so formally organised, but working in concert.
1992 H. Mantel Place of Greater Safety v. ii. 551 The Mountain were yelling again, baying at him... Robespierre..looked up at them, and the noise subsided.
†6. [After Norwegian berg mountain.] A huge shoal (of fish). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > [noun] > shoal
schoolc1425
shoal1579
flote1603
sea-shoal1738
run1771
mountain1880
1880 Daily News 30 Sept. 5/3 The mountain consists of banks of fish escorted and driven in by whales.
1883 T. H. Huxley in Standard 19 June 3/2 The codfish formed what was called a cod's mountain of from 120 ft. to 180 ft. deep.
7. Usually with capital initial. A type of heavy steam locomotive with a 4-8-2 wheel arrangement, used in mountainous terrain.
ΚΠ
1911 Railway Age Gaz. 19 June 1545/2 A new type of heavy passenger locomotive..for the Chesapeake and Ohio..has been named the Mountain type, because the engines will be used in fast passenger service on the 80-ft. grade between Charlottesville and Clifton Forge... The wheel arrangement is..new in this country, being of the 4-8-2 type.
1938 L. M. Beebe High Iron iii. 97 The most important U.S.R.A. designs, for present purposes, fall into four wheel arrangements: the 4-6-2 or Pacific, the 4-8-2 or Mountain, the 2-8-2 or Mikado, and the 2-10-2 or Santa Fe types.
1984 C. Garratt Brit. Steam Lives! ix. 104 The next evolutionary stage was the 4-8-2 which..known as the Mountain..was developed in America both for passenger and freight work.
B. adj. (attributive).
Resembling a mountain in size or shape; huge, enormous. Chiefly poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > of large volume or bulky > and solid
greateOE
stour?a1300
fata1325
mightyc1375
sternc1394
stiffc1400
massivec1425
mastiff1495
gross1516
massy1548
robustious1548
mountainousa1616
monumental1632
mountain1633
lusty1640
beamy1697
material1736
Himalayan1878
wodgy1907
monolith1922
1633 Costlie Whore iii. sig. E1v Esteem'd wise: Shew not such open folly, Such palpable, such grosse, such mountaine folly.
1656 A. Cowley Life & Fame in Pindaric Odes ii. 39 Some build enormous Mountain-Palaces.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires x. 210 Sporus..nor Crooked was, nor Lame With Mountain Back.
1696 N. Tate & N. Brady New Version Psalms of David lxxxviii. 7 Me all thy Mountain Waves have press'd.
1795 J. Fawcett Art of War 47 Smite Mountain-mischief, Evil's mightier fiend.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Fears in Solitude 9 Thy lakes and mountain-hills.
1816 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto III lxvii. 38 The high, the mountain-majesty of worth.
1887 R. L. Stevenson Misadv. J. Nicholson ii The mountain bulk of his misfortunes.
1921 D. H. Lawrence Tortoises 11 Then close the wedge of your little mountain front, Your face, baby tortoise.

Phrases

P1. to move mountains and variants [in allusion to the words of Jesus and St Paul (see quots. 15821)] : (a) to cause mountains to move by an act of faith; (b) figurative to achieve something very difficult or miraculous.
ΚΠ
a1500 in R. L. Greene Early Eng. Carols (1935) 269 (MED) Whan..myse move movntans with wagyng of ther tayles..Than put women in trust and confydens.
1582 Bible (Rheims) Matt. xxi. 21 If you shal haue faith, and stagger not,..and if you shal say to this mountaine, Take vp and throw thy self into the sea, it shal be done.
1582 Bible (Rheims) 1 Cor. xiii. 2 If I should haue al faith so that I could remoue mountains, and haue not charitie, I am nothing.]
1584 W. Warner Pan his Syrinx xxxvii. 109 With importunate sutes, charming words, intising giftes, oportunitie of time, and place, and by a thousand other deuises of sufficiencie to moue mountaynes.
1602 F. Herring tr. J. Oberndorf Anatomyes True Physition 14 Vaunting Pollicitations of binding Beares, and moouing Mountaines.
a1798 R. Munford Candidates i. i, in Coll. Plays & Poems (1798) ii. 23 There's Strutabout, now, he'll promise to move mountains. He'll make the rivers navigable, and bring the tide over the tops of the hills, for a vote.
1848 Littell's Living Age 15 Jan. 114/2 I can't pray—I could as easily move a mountain by an effort of my will.
1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 225 If insufficient faith have done thus much,..More would move mountains, you are warrant.
1929 A. Huxley Let. 9 May (1969) 311 The fact that faith can't move mountains is one of the corner-stones of tragedy—also of comedy.
1972 Last Whole Earth Catal. (Portola Inst.) 16/2 Solipsist tyrants, believing that their will, like their eyeballs, could move mountains, have come to believe that it should trample over these small annoying figures in their visual field.
1995 Q June 117/3 A devoted public..move mountains to catch as many of his performances as possible.
P2.
crystal of the mountain n. now historical rock crystal; cf. mountain crystal n. at Compounds 2b(a).
ΚΠ
1563 Rolls New Year's Gifts (P.R.O.: C 47/3/38) By John Fitzwilliams oone glasse Cup of Chrystall of the Mountayne with a couer and foote of siluer guilte.
1596 W. Raleigh Discoverie Guiana (new ed.) 69 Whether it be Christall of the mountaine, Bristoll Diamond or Saphire I doe not yet knowe.
1678 T. Hobbes Decameron Physiologicum x. 124 It may be the true Chrystal of the Mountain, which is found in great pieces in the Alps, is but a compound of many small ones.
1896 W. M. F. Petrie Hist. Egypt II. 308 14 pieces of crystal of the mountain.
2007 L. H. Whittlesey Storytelling in Yellowstone x. 174 A fake Jim Bridger story about seeing an elk telescopically magnified in the crystal of the mountain.
P3. if the mountain will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet must go to the mountain, and variants or allusions to this. [Arising from the story of Muhammad retold by Bacon (see quot. 1625 at Mahomet n. 2a).]
ΚΠ
1643 J. Owen Θεομαχία Ἀυτεξουσιαστικη viii. 85 If the mountaine will not come to Mahomet, Mahomet will goe to the mountaine.
1691 J. Ray Creation (1692) i. 38 The stupid Matter..would be as sullen as the Mountain was that Mahomet commanded to come down to him.
1776 T. Francklin Contract i. i. 7 I have it. If the mountain won't come to Mahomet, why, then Mahomet must come to the Mountain—that is, if you cannot go to the Captain, why, then the Captain must come to you.
1827 Freedom's Jrnl. 28 Sept. 114/3 ‘If Mahommed cannot bring the mountain to him, he can go to it.’—If we cannot remove the evil, it would be wise to remove from it.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xii. 219 The mountain will never be brought to Mahomet, so all you can do is to aid Mahomet to go to the mountain.
1852 Harper's Mag. Sept. 455/1 No such pleasant surprise awaits you in Tunis—the mountain will not thus come to Mohammed, and Mohammed must go to the mountain—at second hand.
1863 W. Steele Let. 15 Apr. in War of Rebellion (U.S. War Dept.) (1888) 1st Ser. XXII. ii. 820 A large number of troops were sent to the Red River district for food. ‘If the mountain would not come to Mohammed, Mohammed must go to the mountain.’
1950 M. Gilbert Smallbone Deceased ii. 31 I can only see one thing for it. If the mountain won't come to Mahomet—you know. You'd better slip over to Belsize Park and stir him up.
1998 Church Times 13 Nov. 24/4 Taking Muhammad to the mountain rather than the other way round.
2000 Business Day (S. Afr.) 27 Jan. 13/2 The meeting at the Union Buildings had all the feel of a Mohammed and the mountain encounter.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a. With the sense ‘of a mountain’.
mountain breast n.
ΚΠ
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 283 As wreath of snow on mountain breast, Slides from the rock that gave it rest.
1909 H. D. Rawnsley Poems at Home & Abroad 45 The fern-clad mountain breast Green to the sky, by white flocks is possess't.
mountain brow n.
ΚΠ
1722 A. Philips Briton ii. vi. 18 There shall our youthful Progeny..try their Limbs along the Mountain Brow.
1888 J. Davidson Smith iii. 63 He, whose piteous blood Stains this green mountain-brow.
1961 R. Gittings Coll. Poems (1976) 51 The closing wake Clashed like Arthur's armour under the mountain brow.
mountain crag n.
ΚΠ
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. ix. 217 Some aspiring mountain-crag Tufted with wood, and standing all alone.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It viii. 70 A crazy trail over mountain crags and precipices.
1993 Climber & Hillwalker Nov. 13/1 Bear right on a path that passes beneath the mountain crags.
mountain foot n.
ΚΠ
1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 1st Pt. sig. A8v Come let vs meet them at the mountain foot.
1817 S. T. Coleridge Zapolya iv. ii. 114 I heard the noise and uproar of the chace, Doubling its echoes from the mountain foot.
1995 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 55 440 Summit and mountain foot—Evening wind in the pines.
mountain-head n.
ΚΠ
1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 16 When Notus sheds A Night of Vapors round the Mountain-Heads [Gk. ὄρεος κορυϕῇσι], Swift-gliding Mists the dusky Fields invade.
a1731 J. Hughes Miscellanies (1737) 138 As when upon the Mountain-Heads The Sun his Golden Splendor spreads.
1883 Harper's Mag. Aug. 376/2 They still lingered on those lofty mountain-heads above their mantles of fir.
1945 W. S. Graham Coll. Poems (1979) 36 No I'll inherit No keening in my mountainhead or sea.
mountain peak n.
ΚΠ
1798 W. Wordsworth Thorn xvi, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 127 The wind blew from the mountain-peak.
1834 Penny Cycl. II. 470/1 The highest mountain peak in this country.
1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero xii. 206 Alaskans would study the mountain peaks, where the snow cover would start up high and each morning creep a little lower.
mountain ridge n.
ΚΠ
1814 J. H. Reynolds Safie 33 On mountain ridge, ere he withdrew, Sad Assad took a parting view.
1993 Outdoor Canada Sept. 36/1 We had been hunting through thick wild grapevine cover in the tops of several hollows along a low mountain ridge.
mountain slope n.
ΚΠ
1791 W. L. Bowles African in Monody 16 Or rushing down the mountain-slope O'ertake the nimble Antelope.
1841 H. D. Thoreau Jrnl. 4 Mar. (1981) I. 278 Their way is a mountain slope—a river valley's course.
1991 Time 17 June 81/2 Plants, mosses, and trees are..thick on the vertiginous mountain slopes.
mountain spur n.
ΚΠ
1835 Southern Literary Messenger 1 546/2 The irregularity occasioned by the projection of the mountain spurs, has prevented the arrangement of the buildings in the order calculated to produce the most pleasant effect.
1991 Outdoor Action (BNC) Aug. 44 Easy trails loop round mountain spurs as they follow the river.
mountain top n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > hill or mountain > [noun] > summit
knollc888
knapc1000
copc1374
crest?a1400
head?a1425
summit1481
summitya1500
mountain topa1522
hilltop1530
stump1664
scalp1810
bald1838
van1871
dod1878
berg-top1953
a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. Prol. 38 Montane toppis slekit with snaw.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 48 On Mountain tops, to chace the tusky Boar.
1739 S. Boyse Deity 32 The skies were clear'd,—the mountain tops were seen.
1816 W. Wordsworth Thanksgiving Ode 36 Like mountain-tops whence mists have rolled away.
1988 Independent 5 Oct. 1/3 He would not mind any of Bavaria's 1,000-odd trained yodellers holla-ing away from a mountain top.
b. With the senses ‘of or relating to mountains; situated, found, or occurring in or on a mountain or mountains; emanating from or provided by mountains; consisting of a mountain or mountains’.
mountain air n.
ΚΠ
1653 W. Hemings Fatal Contract Live as free as mountain air.
a1750 A. Hill Damon & Philemon 8 in Wks. (1753) III. 270 Let him, to unfrequented woods, repair, And snuff, un-envy'd, his lean mountain air.
1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xli. 201 The mountain air had made us almost ravenous.
1998 P. Muldoon Hay 79 Driving out to care For six white-faced kine Finishing on heather and mountain air.
mountain area n.
ΚΠ
1870 Appletons' Jrnl. 19 Nov. 618/1 The Chiman range, crossing the isthmus, indicates that in the central portion will be found the greatest amount of mountain area.
1970 R. J. Small Study of Landforms ii. 30 Mud-flows occur in mountain areas after heavy rainfall.
1993 Climber & Hillwalker Nov. 31 (advt.) Qualified mountain guides will show you all the skills necessary for traversing mountain areas safely and competently on skis.
mountain barrier n.
ΚΠ
1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fourth 41 Death's Terror is the Mountain Faith removes; That Mountain Barrier between Man and Peace.
1876 G. W. Cox Gen. Hist. Greece ii. i. 102 The chain of Tauros..extends its huge mountain-barrier to the north of the Kilikian country.
1990 Log Home Living Feb.–Mar. 44/2 The region's moderate climate and the shielding effect of mountain barriers against inclement weather create an ideal environment for the sturdy trees used to build log homes.
mountain battle n.
ΚΠ
1828 F. D. Hemans Spells of Home in Records of Woman (ed. 2) 291 The mountain battles of his land.
1872 Appletons' Jrnl. 2 Mar. 250/1 I occupied myself in the military hospitals—crowded..by the numbers brought in from the three days' mountain battles of the Pyrenees.
1898 L. Binyon Porphyrion 21 All that remote dead city and her brisk streets, Repeopled and for mountain battle armed, He apprehended.
mountain beck n.
ΚΠ
1808 E. Sleath Bristol Heiress V. 207 A mountain-beck, or brook.
1883 R. Broughton Belinda III. iv. iv. 245 A mountain beck tinkles, a hand-breadth off, beside her.
1954 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 23 139 Ford across mountain beck.
1994 N. Nicholson Coll. Poems 25 The old man, inarticulate and humble, Knew that eternity flows in a mountain beck.
mountain blast n.
ΚΠ
1762 S. Derrick Battle of Lora 28 Come on the Mountain Blast, and with the Sound, Disperse the Mid-Day Silence.
1891 F. Tennyson Daphne 457 The ear hears the surges, lash'd to rage By mountain blasts, that bear the surf inland.
mountain brook n.
ΚΠ
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 145 The mazes of the mountain-brook.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 55 As one, That listens near a torrent mountain-brook.
1993 Canad. Geographic July 26/2 A mountain brook where otters splash.
mountain cataract n.
ΚΠ
1778 R. Cumberland Battle of Hastings v. 87 As well We might have driv'n the mountain cataract Back to its source, as stemm'd the battle's tide.
1817 Ld. Byron Manfred iii. i. 109 But fall, even as the mountain-cataract.
1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania xxiv. 692 The water music of mountain cataracts.
mountain country n.
ΚΠ
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 9 (MED) Marie..wente into monteyne contre.
1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Eng. 245/2 in Chron. I The pleasant mountain countrey of Bellesham.
1627 T. Jackson Treat. Catholike Faith 80 Agar or Sinai is not such a generall name of the whole mountaine-country in Arabia, as Wold or chilterne is in English.
1891 7th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 1885–6 127 The Molále were a mountain tribe and occupied a belt of mountain country south of the Columbia River.
1999 Mother Jones (Electronic ed.) 1 May The incursion of timber and mining companies into resource-rich mountain country resulted in an economic boom.
mountain echo n.
ΚΠ
1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 17 Whose clanging Voice Awake the Mountain Echo in her Cell.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) i. 24 Not without the voice Of mountain-echoes did my Boat move on.
1990 Callaloo 13 722 A smoke-cured, yet mountain echo of a voice; wrathful and woe-struck.
mountain eyrie n.
ΚΠ
1726 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xix. 620 The bird of Jove Fierce from his mountain-eyrie [Gk. ἐξ ὄρεος] downward drove.
1854 M. R. Mitford Otto of Wittelsbach v. i, in Dramatic Wks. 254 The mountain eyrie, where the eagle shrieks Over his slaughtered young.
1978 Eng. Lit. Hist. 45 77 Like her father Apollo, who withdraws from his mountain eyrie at Delphi for six months of the year.
mountain farm n.
ΚΠ
1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 106 This little mountain farm she continued to occupy.
1837 W. Youatt Sheep vii. 294 The time for shearing, in a mountain-farm, is of considerable importance.
1998 Esquire Nov. 70/2 It's the tale of Inman's beloved Ada, trying to make a life on the mountain farm that fell to her with the death of her father.
mountain flood n.
ΚΠ
1775 R. Jephson Braganza iii. i. 33 Like a torrent swell'd by mountain floods.
1899 F. W. O. Ward Eng. Roses iv. 482 The glamour which the sunset brings To bathe a mountain flood.
2000 Asheville Citizen-Times (N. Carolina) 25 Mar. b1 Mountain floods usually happen so quickly, the water rushes through.
mountain home n.
ΚΠ
1808 F. D. Browne Poems 80 Far from his native mountain-home.
1993 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 26 Sept. 29/1 She did not follow American advice to avoid her mountain home in Austria's French zone.
mountain hut n.
ΚΠ
1796 M. Robinson Sicilian Lover iv. xii. 55 Now to the mountain hut. Lead on, Francisco.
1892 E. Arnold Potiphar's Wife 52 To their mountain huts again Sad those hunters came.
1997 Trail May 31/1 Mountain huts and bothies shouldn't be relied on in winter.
mountain island n.
ΚΠ
1840 R. H. Dana Two Years before Mast xxxi. 381 In the midst [of the sea] lay this immense mountain-island, its cavities and valleys thrown into deep shade, and its points and pinnacles glittering in the sun.
1933 A. M. Lindbergh Let. 14 Dec. in Locked Rooms & Open Doors (1974) 180 Just as I remembered it—that harebell-blue water, a little hazy, soft, and then the green mountain islands set in it.
1995 C. A. Istock & R. S. Hoffmann (title) Storm over a mountain island.
mountain journey n.
ΚΠ
1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville I. 158 In the course of this mountain-journey.
1949 H. Wilcox White Stranger xi. 243 Their sickness..could be cured if only they would make the long, regular mountain journeys to the Rembon clinic.
1988 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 48 488 One of the most ambitious mountain-journey poems written in the southern Sung.
mountain lake n.
ΚΠ
1708 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 26 149 One of which [sc. Rivulets] he met with in his First Journey,..which flows out of a Mountain Lake, call'd, Alpeler Seelin.
1856 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters IV. 357 The sea..is never calm..in the sense that a mountain lake can be calm.
1994 Nature Conservancy May 26/1 On the shore of a mountain lake they make their first capture of the day.
mountain pass n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, passage, or means of access to a place > [noun] > through hills or difficult ground
portc1275
pacec1330
close?a1400
destrayt1481
gate1601
gut1615
passc1650
defile1685
ghat1698
mountain pass1707
bealach1794
ca1795
poort1834
Passover1839
droke1848
gateway1884
1707 N. Tate Poems on Affairs of State IV. 307 The adverse Host Confus'd, the Mountain Passes did resign.
1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More Ded. 6 Spain's mountain passes, and her ilex woods.
1992 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 13 Sept. 11/1 The Russians..dreamed of leading their armies through the mountain passes and down into the plains of India.
mountain path n.
ΚΠ
1785 R. Colvill Sir Ambrose & Fair Portia ii. 63 in Poet. Wks. (1789) ii. 222 And o'er the mountain path renue The toil of many a day.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. xxxv. 78 We have many a mountain path to tread.
1985 ‘A. T. Ellis’ Unexplained Laughter (BNC) 15 A mountain path which meandered nonchalantly between rowan and hazel trees.
mountain plain n.
ΚΠ
1787 Pennsylvania Gaz. 3 Jan. 3/1 His body was found the next morning near the road on Mill-stone mountain plain, by some of the same party.
1821 tr. A. P. de Candolle & K. Sprengel Elements Philos. Plants iv. v. 281 From the high mountain plains of central Asia.
1959 A. Ridler Matter of Life & Death 38 Here, on the dry-sweet mountain plain Is set the shrine.
1999 Entertainm. Weekly 23 July 46 The relationship between a proud Tuvan son of the mountain plains and an American city dweller.
mountain region n.
ΚΠ
1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho II. i The mountain-region towering above, the deep precipices that fell beneath.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) viii. 270 That deep farewell light by which The setting sun proclaims the love he bears To mountain regions.
1991 Martha Stewart Living July 59/1 From the Adironadacks, a wooded mountain region in upstate New York.
mountain road n.
ΚΠ
1774 D. Graham Impartial Hist. Rebellion (ed. 3) i. 13 The mountain road 'tween Forth and Clyde.
1895 Young Eng. 16 18/1 Up the steep mountain road they went.
1995 Daily Mail 2 Jan. 22/2 All high mountain roads were impassable and even the main autobahn link from Innsbruck through the Tyrol was blocked.
mountain scenery n.
ΚΠ
1808 F. D. Browne Poems 78 I love to loiter in the spreading grove, Or in the mountain scenery to rove.
1971 P. Berton Last Spike i. ii. 20 The most spectacular mountain scenery in North America was opened up in the early eighties.
1992 J. Shapcott Phrase Bk. 22 The carriage rollocks along, mountain scenery passes in a blur.
mountain shelter n.
ΚΠ
1922 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents xxvii. 188 There are almost constant north-west winds, strongest where there is no mountain shelter.
1991 Climber & Hill Walker (BNC) Oct. 54 (heading) Take more care of mountain shelters.
mountain stream n.
ΚΠ
1689 R. Gould Poems 125 Peace, like a Mountain-stream, from him did flow, And water'd all us humble Plants below.
1762 S. Derrick Battle of Lora 5 Down pours the Mountain Stream from yonder Source.
1874 J. A. Allen in E. Coues Birds of Northwest 12 The American Ouzel..is doubtless a frequent inhabitant of nearly all the mountain-streams of Colorado.
1990 Sports Afield May 7 (advt.) Trout anglers will especially appreciate the clarity and strength when coaxing rainbows and browns from mountain streams and lakes.
mountain stronghold n.
ΚΠ
1852 De Bow's Rev. Aug. 136 All the fortresses and mountain-strongholds were opened without resistance to the Bavarian troops.
1995 Guardian 30 Sept. 11/4 One explanation for the Yazidis' survival is..the remoteness of their mountain strongholds.
mountain tarn n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > small
pulkc1300
tarnc1400
lochan1682
lakelet1796
mountain tarn1802
étanga1855
lochlet1860
lougheen1882
1802 S. T. Coleridge Dejection 100 Bare crag, or mountain-tairn, or blasted tree.
1965 E. Dahlberg Reasons of Heart 121 What is man himself but a secret fen, a bog, a wild mountain tarn.
1995 J. Montague Coll. Poems 347 A mountain tarn filmed with crisp ice.
mountain torrent n.
ΚΠ
1723 S. Wesley Battle of Sexes xix. 21 Like Mountain-Torrents swell'd by Winter-Show'rs.
1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xxiv. 257 They came like mountain-torrent red.
1984 J. Frame Envoy from Mirror City (1987) xii. 91 Carlos and I..walked..towards the river, a roaring mountain torrent that washed at the basement walls of the tenement buildings lining its banks.
mountain track n.
ΚΠ
1803 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) II. 1013 I really consider it as a misfortune, that Wordsworth ever deserted his former mountain Track.
1883 Hardwicke's Sci.-gossip 19 97/1 The southern corner is crossed by a mountain track running from Trefriw to Capel Curig.
1997 Boards Mar. 110 (advt.) Scenic mountain tracks for mountain biking.
mountain trail n.
ΚΠ
1854 G. H. Heap Central Route to Pacific 87 A mountain trail, which soon gave out, and left us to struggle through the brush.
1994 M&S Mag. Winter 91/4 (advt.) Self guided walks from Inn to Inn; escorted groups along classic mountain trails.
mountain turf n.
ΚΠ
1726 J. Dyer New Misc. 89 My Joys run high, As on the Mountain's Turf I lie.
1816 H. G. Knight Ilderim 275 Where..mountain stream and mountain turf was found.
1988 J. Sturrock French Pyrenees (BNC) 27 My own ascent on foot..dwindled..to a halt on a warm afternoon, and to a comfortable seat on the mountain turf.
mountain view n.
ΚΠ
1790 W. Sotheby Poems 33 With rapture wild I gaze On the rude grandeur of the mountain view.
1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers I. v. 61 All the loveliness of the mountain-view had vanished like the fancies of a dream.
1917 E. W. Wilcox Poet. Wks. 460 This restless craving in the souls of men Spurs them to climb, and seek the mountain view.
1992 Down East Feb. 80/3 (advt.) Comfortable, well-kept original home,..spacious decks overlooking back yard, mountain views.
mountain village n.
ΚΠ
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV xxxi. 18 They keep his dust in Arqua, where he died; The mountain-village where his latter days Went down the vale of years.
1907 Athenæum 21 Dec. 794/3 An isolated mountain village in the Styrian Alps.
1998 G. Clarke Five Fields 50 Camp-fires of desert nomads seen from a plane and mountain villages winking in the passes.
mountain wall n.
ΚΠ
a1829 J. J. Callanan Recluse of Inchidony & Other Poems (1830) 47 Its far-streaming flashes fall Upon Glengarav's mountain wall.
1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) i. 29 Then, as now, great mountain walls barricaded the land to the southeast and north.
mountain warfare n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > other types of war
just war1485
private war1548
preventive wara1626
angelomachy1635
Titanomachy1739
mountain warfarec1800
border-war1809
world war1848
theomachy1858
trench warfare1887
electronic warfare1946
asymmetric conflict1975
cyberwar1992
asymmetrical warfare1995
c1800 J. Johnstone Mem. Rebellion 1745 & 1746 (1820) 153 I am always astonished that Lord George Murray, and the other chiefs of clans, did not resolve to carry on this mountain-warfare themselves, for their own defence.
1864 P. L. MacDougall Mod. Warfare x. 355 In mountain warfare an enemy may be marching along a valley parallel to that in which a defensive force is moving or stationary.
1922 H. Bell tr. W. Balck Developm. Tactics iv. 122 No one could have foreseen in time of peace that German troops would ever be called on for mountain warfare.
2004 S. A. Southworth U.S. Special Warfare ii. 29 Mountain warfare offers many advantages to attacking troops, as well as perils.
c. With the senses ‘born in, inhabiting, or growing in mountains; having (one's) abode in mountains; coming from the mountains; native to a mountainous region’.
mountain band n. [compare band n.3]
ΚΠ
a1789 J. Wilson Clyde ii, in J. Leyden Sc. Descriptive Poems (1803) 95 When elder Graham led on his mountain band.
1887 Overland Monthly Aug. 174/2 The valley Indians were to be aided by the mountain bands of roving Indians.
1940 Sci. Monthly Nov. 448/1 Sakai was the leader of a mountain band who fought the Spaniards.
2001 Arkansas Democrat-Gaz. (Nexis) 18 Feb. j6 Soon Ho's brave little mountain band saw dollops of silk splitting the sky, as aid dropped in with a dashing Army Captain.
mountain beast n.
ΚΠ
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads i. 7 Mountain beasts..fought with them.
1725 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey II. ix. 347 He..devours it like a mountain beast.
1894 C. Phillipps-Wolley et al. Big Game Shooting (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) II. iii. 51 The tûr is the mountain beast, par excellence, of the Caucasus.
1995 Monumenta Nipponica 50 329 Later the term came to denote an imaginary mountain beast that flew through the skies.
mountain bird n.
ΚΠ
1591 A. Fraunce Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch i. ii. i This Mountaine-byrd, Montanus daughter.
1778 R. Polwhele Spirit of Frazer 8 The mountain bird, Whose voice in Snowdon's cloud-capt heights is heard.
1878 W. S. Gilbert H.M.S. Pinafore 14 A British tar is a soaring soul, As free as a mountain bird.
1991 C. Willock Kingdoms of East ii. 61 Mountain birds such as the snowcock and blood pheasant.
mountain-boar n.
ΚΠ
1697 T. D'Urfey Cinthia & Endimion iii. ii. 20 I told her a young Mountain-Boar was lodg'd Close by this Covert.
1710 W. Congreve tr. Homer Hymn to Venus in Wks. III. 1111 She [sc. Diana] loves..To wound the Mountain Boar.
1808 W. Scott Marmion ii. Introd. 61 The mountain boar, on battle set.
mountain dweller n.
ΚΠ
1805 R. Southey Madoc in Aztlan xv, in Poet. Wks. (1838) V. 205 Lincoya comes, Leading the mountain-dwellers.
1873 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 2 111 The dialect bears great resemblance..to the language still spoken by the mountain-dwellers of the Schlier-See and Tegern-See in bavaria.
1993 Jrnl. Negro Hist. 82 388 It was black migration..before the arrival of white minstrels that actually provided the opportunity for white mountain dwellers to adopt the instrument.
mountain fairy n.
ΚΠ
c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in Wks. (1898) I. 300 Montaine Faryes did bewaile the chance.
1811 M. G. Lewis One O'Clock i. i. 6 Hail to the Elf and the Mountain Fairy!
1990 P. Allardice Myths, Gods & Fantasy (BNC) 102 Forbidding and evil-intentioned Welsh mountain fairies.
mountain girl n.
ΚΠ
1676 T. Shadwell Libertine ii. 30 O that I had been some poor lost Mountain Girl, Nurs'd up by Goats, or suckl'd by wild Beasts.
1795 E. Jerningham Welch Heiress ii. 25 The rude simplicity of your wild mountain-girl.
1849 A. J. Symington Harebell Chimes 140 A little mountain girl..Sings to the runneling brook, alone.
1993 N. Sibum Apostle's Secretary 4 He needs this now: pride in the city.., the measuring up of mountain girls.
mountain herd n.
ΚΠ
1744 J. Armstrong Art of preserving Health ii. 44 The mountain herd, Adust and dry, no sweet repast affords.
1877 E. J. Pfeiffer Glân-Alarch ii. 157 The mountain herds have ceased to graze.
mountain hog n.
ΚΠ
a1544 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 153 Ther is plenty of wylde beastes as wylde dere and falowe and mountayne hogges.
1689 Irish Hudibras 108 Here round about the Mountain-Hogs, He saw them wallowing in the Bogs.
1939 Tennessee: Guide to State (Federal Writers' Project) 502 The mountain, or razorback hog..becomes comparatively fat in the late fall.
mountain king n.
ΚΠ
1834 F. D. Hemans Songs of Captivity iv, in National Lyrics 168 I dream of some proud bird, A bright-eyed mountain king.
1954 J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring ii. x. 416 Like a lost child that had clambered upon the throne of mountain-kings.
2000 World & I (Electronic ed.) 1 Nov. 167 Among the Lapps, it was said that the northern lights originated in a battle between the god Thor and the mountain king.
mountain people n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabiting a type of place > [adjective] > inhabiting high land
uplandsc1330
uplandisha1387
upa1400
highland1595
mountain people1596
mountainous1613
upper1617
upland1622
hilly1632
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 86 We..cal thame quha dwel in the montanis..the mountane people, thay vse thair alde Irishe toung.
1881 Harper's Mag. Nov. 868/2 They are poor mountain people.
1992 National Trust Mag. Spring 33/2 The true mountain people are the hill farmers.
mountain plant n.
ΚΠ
c1685 in R. T. Gunther Early Sci. in Oxf. (1945) XIV. 75 I must desire yr usual trouble of furnishing us with your Mountain Plants.
1885 R. L. Stevenson & F. Stevenson Dynamiter xi I had crossed the last of the jungle, and come forth amongst..the aromatic smell of mountain plants.
1994 Canad. Geographic July 11/2 Scientists..took the herbicide-resistant gene from an obscure mountain plant called arabidopsis.
mountain pony n.
ΚΠ
1799 W. Wordsworth Danish Boy iv The mountain-ponies prick their ears.
1879 T. S. Cobbold Parasites 377 In the Deangunid and Talybont districts these strongyles proved terribly fatal to mountain ponies.
1972 E. Pargeter Bloody Field by Shrewsbury iv. 126 He found the raking black horse that stood a head above the tough mountain ponies.
mountain robber n.
ΚΠ
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 114 Thy faithful Dogs..who..hold at Bay, The Mountain Robbers . View more context for this quotation
1794 H. B. Dudley Travellers in Switzerland iii. vii. 80 I took'n for one o' the Mountain robbers.
1898 T. N. Page Red Rock 533 Steve was represented as every species of brigand, from the sneaking law-breaker..to the dashing, bold mountain robber and desperado.
1941 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 5 276 A change in the meaning of Lao to a term indicating mountain robbers..might be a cause for its infrequent usage.
mountain spirit n.
ΚΠ
1809 Ld. Byron Eng. Bards & Sc. Reviewers 155 While mountain spirits prate to river sprites.
1867 Handbk. Travellers Yorkshire 228 Hob Thrush, or ‘Hob o' th' Hurst’ was a woodland and mountain spirit.
1993 Great Exped. Summer 31/1 They are placed under the foundations of nearly every Indian house in view of their Achachilas (mountain spirits).
mountain squire n.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) v. i. 34 You call'd me yesterday Mountaine-Squier . View more context for this quotation
1952 D. M. Jones Anathemata v. 150 Fetched up in a vineyard, with a whole cogload of mountain squires such as may be dabsters with a coracle.
mountain tiger n.
ΚΠ
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iv. iv. 42 Thou hast the Heart of a Mountain-Tyger.
1729 T. Odell Smugglers i. 22 I'd sooner marry a Mountain Tyger than you.
1835 R. M. Bird Infidel I. vi. 86 The gigantic beast, whose voice was to him..more terrible than the yell of the mountain tiger.
1989 Independent 6 May 13 There is a splendid [stuffed] mountain tiger that is said to have been shot by the former king, Zahir Shah, in the days of royal hunts in Nepal.
mountain tribe n.
ΚΠ
1796 M. Robinson Sappho & Phaon xix. 57 Farewell,..Ye mountain tribes, ye fawns, ye sylvan bands.
1845 J. Kitto Cycl. Biblical Lit. (1849) I. 247/1 The Kenites, a mountain tribe on the east side of Jordan.
1994 D. Saunders Russia in Age of Reaction & Reform (BNC) 183 Although he had a distinguished military record..it was doubtful whether he could take on mountain tribes.
mountain wolf n.
ΚΠ
1617 W. Drummond Forth Feasting sig. A4 To pearce the mountaine Wolfe with feathred Dart.
1756 J. Brown Athelstan iv. v. 60 And I, the Prey of Phrenzy, Like the fierce Mountain-Wolf in Madness foaming, Howl to the midnight Moon.
1896 Argosy Jan. 344/1 The night was pierced by the long, wavering howl of the mountain wolf.
mountain woman n.
ΚΠ
1860 Southern Literary Messenger 31 124/1 The garments..seemed all to be of homespun, manufactured by the fair hands of the mountain women themselves.
1917 Man 17 76 She taught the mountain women to make pots and cook in them.
1990 Kenyon Rev. Winter 163 He had been born out of wedlock, being the child of the Senator's deceased elder brother and a ‘mountain woman’ of obscure background.
d. With the senses ‘used in the mountains; practised in the mountains’.
mountain boot n.
ΚΠ
1846 J. H. Ingraham Odd Fellow I. i. 6 Coarse mountain boots of dried skin.
1900 Overland Monthly Feb. 113/1 My best weapons of defense were my heavy mountain boots.
1976 Billings (Montana) Gaz. 30 June 4 e/1 (advt.) Raichle mountain boots.
2000 Moscow Times (Electronic ed.) 5 Dec. Leading Nike technicians had worked day and night to rush out a line of mountain boots whose soles had the gripping qualities of frozen lard.
mountain cart n.
ΚΠ
1874 Appletons' Jrnl. 24 Oct. 529/1 A track only fit for the roughest mountain-cart.
1900 S. R. Crockett Fitting of Peats vi, in Love Idylls (1901) 38 Behind a red-bodied mountain cart.
mountain-chaise n.
ΚΠ
1897 Outing 30 135/2 The mountain-chaises and the stage-coaches.
mountain engine n.
ΚΠ
1868 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 45 The many-wheeled mountain engine of the Alleghany inclines.
1979 L. Reynolds Agnes in J. McLeod Oxf. Bk. Canad. Polit. Anecd. (1988) 42 At Laggan Station..they got out to examine the big ‘mountain engine’ which was necessary for both ascending and descending steep grades.
1999 Kansas City (Missouri) Star (Nexis) 23 July d8 This weekend, the Rookie will run a 1992 TransAm with one of those huge, aluminum-block ‘mountain’ engines.
mountain shoe n.
ΚΠ
1848 tr. W. Hoffmeister Trav. Ceylon & Continental India iii. 153 In the most extraordinary costumes,..hats of basket-work plait, ‘leechstockings’,..and over these a sort of mountain shoes.
1992 D. Pearson Voices of Summer (1993) (BNC) 292 They all wore mountain shoes and had packs slung over their shoulders.
mountain sport n.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) iii. iii. 10 Now for our Mountaine sport . View more context for this quotation
1755 W. Dodd tr. Callimachus Hymns 52 Goddess, delighting in the sylvan chace, The bow, the quiver, dance and mountain sports.
a1835 J. Hogg My Native Isle 3 in Mountain Bard, & Forest Minstrel (1839) 225 And must I leave my native Isle;..The mountain sport, the angler's wile, The birch and weeping willow.
1994 (title) High: mountain sports.
mountain tyre n.
ΚΠ
1993 Playboy Feb. 34/1 The semislicks and full slicks are somewhat narrower than mountain tires; they run on a higher air pressure.
2000 Bicycling 1 Mar. 65 We counted the number of strokes to reach 50 psi in a simulated mountain tire and 100 psi in a simulated road tire.
mountain wagon n.
ΚΠ
1853 Putnam's Monthly Mag. Aug. 197/1 Watch the hunter when he comes in his mountain wagon to the Berkeley or Sulphur Springs to sell the buck, the result of his early tramp in the forest.
1948 J. D. Rittenhouse Vehicles 61 One of the chief features of the mountain wagon was its oversized brake.
1974 Bucks County (Pa.) Courier Times 29 Aug. 49/1 Farmer Dodge..was entertaining guests by taking them for rides in his mountain wagon.
e. Objective (frequently with verbal nouns and participial adjectives in -ing).
(a)
mountain climber n.
ΚΠ
1840 T. Aird Othuriel 164 His tiger-dogs, from India's northern woods, Fell mountain-climbers.
1915 St. Nicholas June 716/1 There was a spark of light in the mountain-climbers' rest-hut.
2001 Sports Illustr. (Electronic ed.) 23 Apr. 30 ‘It's like being a Jamaican bobsledder,’ he says. ‘Blind mountain climber. The words just don't connect.’
mountain climbing n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1847 Littell's Living Age 6 Nov. 287/2 To remind the lovers of mountain climbing that there is such a mountain.., I have ventured to solicit a little space in your columns.
1858 S. C. Eastman White Mountain Guide Bk. 19 To those who love mountain climbing and the wildest scenery which the hills can exhibit.
1912 Canad. Alpine Jrnl. (Special No.) 28 The big hoary marmots are well named ‘whistlers’ by all mountain climbing people of the Canadian Rockies.
1968 J. K. Terres Flashing Wings ix. 80 In the Andes, another mountain-climbing ornithologist..measured the soaring altitude of a South American condor.
1992 Sci. Amer. Oct. 34/1 My long-standing interest in mountain climbing and the medical problems associated with high altitudes.
mountain-making n.
ΚΠ
1856 H. T. Cheever Island World of Pacific 8 (heading) The process of mountain-making.
1937 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 21 1596 Orogenesis means ‘mountain-making’, but the term refers only to the production of mountain structure, not to that of mountain topography.
1966 Science 9 Dec. 1365/1 I received the impression that the fundamental principles behind mountain-making and continent-building need still to be elucidated.
mountain walking n. and adj.
ΚΠ
1821 P. B. Shelley Let. 22 Oct. (1964) II. 361 I..raised a small turf altar to the mountain-walking Pan.
1933 Science 6 Jan. 12/1 He loved outdoor life and during his early days..he was a leader in mountain walking with his students.
1983 Listener 6 Jan. 39/5 (advt.) Canoeing, pony trekking, mountain walking and rock climbing.
(b)
mountain-cresting adj. (poetic).
ΚΠ
1951 S. Spender World within World iii. 179 Then we came to that extraordinary river-encircled, mountain-cresting city of Toledo.
mountain-loving adj.
ΚΠ
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis i. 11 Where Mountayne-louing Goats did lately graze.
a1745 T. Warton Poems Several Occasions (1748) 200 Nor Mountain-loving Swallow such sad Notes Was heard to pour.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake vi. 246 The mountain-loving Switzer.
1994 Toronto Star 25 June (Metro ed.) f20/2 There are..mountain-loving Dall sheep drawn to the hillsides by the mineral licks.
f. Similative.
mountain-clear adj. (poetic).
ΚΠ
1955 P. Larkin Less Deceived 36 Their visions mountain-clear.
mountain-cool adj.
ΚΠ
1919 A. Huxley Leda (1920) 1 Brown and bright as an agate, mountain-cool.
1994 Harper's Mag. Apr. 47/2 Twilight, and an end to enervating heat; I am made tranquil by the mountain-cool air.
mountain high adj. (cf. mountains high adv. at Compounds 2a.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [adjective] > great or considerable
higheOE
steepOE
heaven-highOE
highlyOE
brentc1400
hightc1480
hichty1513
procere1542
tall1548
spiringa1552
towereda1552
tower-like1552
upstretched1563
airy1565
excelse1569
haughty1570
topless1589
lofty1590
procerous1599
kiss-sky1603
skyish1604
topful?1611
aspiringc1620
sky-high1622
hiddy1632
tiptoed1632
sublime1635
towering1638
soaring1687
mountain high1693
clamberinga1717
skied1730
towery1731
pyramidic1740
skyey1750
skyward1792
skyscraping1797
exulting1798
high-reaching1827
steepling1892
high-rise1964
hi1972
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > [adverb] > to specific height
breast-highc1330
neck-high1628
breast height1688
mountain high1693
masthead high1821
shoulder-height1825
shoulder-high1837
thigh-high1844
1693 T. Power tr. Juvenal in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xii. 247 High, Mountain high, be pil'd the shining Ore [L. montibus aurum exaequet].
a1771 T. Gray tr. T. Tasso in Wks. (1814) II. 91 Scarce had he said, before the warriors' eyes When mountain-high the waves disparted rise.
1815 M. Pilkington Celebrity III. 114 At one moment the vessel was elevated mountain high.
1966 J. Barry et al. in Leader of Pack (1987) 71 Do I love you, my, oh my, River deep, mountain high.
1990 Leading Edge Spring 2/2 One of the hardest metals known to man plates this professional diver's watch, protecting it from knocks and scratches, sea deep to mountain high.
g. Parasynthetic (usually with participial adjectives in -ed).
mountain-bellied adj.
ΚΠ
1654 T. Gataker Disc. Apol. 67 That more eminent mountain-bellied..Proteus.
1694 R. Orpen London-master 49 But their mountain-belly'd conceptions ended only in an abortive mouse.
1938 Mod. Lang. Notes 53 169 A mountain-bellied laureate who had just journeyed on foot from London to Scotland.
mountain-headed adj. (poetic).
ΚΠ
1925 E. Blunden Eng. Poems 104 O firmament, O mountain-headed march Of clouds through that blue arch.
mountain-shaped adj.
ΚΠ
1802 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) II. 819 This mountain-shaped cloud.
1993 Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. 53 827 The painting and the mountain-shaped space ships could also trigger the same recognitional capacities.
mountain-sized adj.
ΚΠ
1845 Amer. Whig Rev. 1 265/1 The mighty roc, with its mountain-sized egg.
1982 Science 1 Jan. 60/2 The mountain-sized blocky material brought to the surface to form the peaks is apparently unique.
1996 Austin (Texas) Amer.-Statesman (Nexis) 13 Oct. b1 Shown on his computer is an image of an asteroid field, a group of mountain-sized rocks..between Mars and Jupiter.
h. Locative.
mountain-built adj.
ΚΠ
1820 J. Keats Ode on Grecian Urn in Lamia & Other Poems 115 What little town..mountain-built with peaceful citadel.
1954 Science 20 Aug. 287/1 Much evidence has tended to show that the area of the Canadian Shield..was mountain-built in later pre-Cambrian times.
mountain-dwelling adj.
ΚΠ
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. iii. xiii. 646 Will any beleeve..that milke or whit-meates are hurtfull vnto a mountaine-dwelling people?
1827 J. Mitford Sacred Specimens p. xliii Why Does mountain-dwelling Moab cry?
1907 Man 7 28 Their system of mountain-dwelling deities.
1991 S. Larsen & R. Larsen Fire in Mind ii. xx. 411 The ceremony..would be conducted by..the Yamabushi, the independent mountain-dwelling ascetics of Japan.
i. Instrumental (usually with participial adjectives in -ed).
mountain-bound adj.
ΚΠ
1839 Southern Literary Messenger 5 647/2 I intended..to imprison myself in my mountain-bound retreat.
1887 Overland Monthly 9 30/1 Others..sought..to build up a better home for their old age than the mountain bound mining county could give.
1992 Representations Winter 112 Samuel Butler relates a myth of the mountain-bound Erewhonians.
mountain-circled adj.
ΚΠ
1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. i. 8 The mainland mountain-circled lochs.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table x. 286 The mountain-circled green of Grafton.
1989 R. J. Smith Unknown CIA ii. 21 I had left the ancient trees and mountain-circled vistas of Williamstown.
mountain-cradled adj.
ΚΠ
1855 E. Arnold Griselda 278 And thou, too, mountain-cradled Indian stream.
1954 W. Faulkner Fable 158 That thirty-mile-long mountain-cradled saucer.
mountain-echoed adj. (poetic).
ΚΠ
1860 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 6 Then pass'd the wind, and sobb'd with mountain-echo'd woe.
mountain-girdled adj.
ΚΠ
1822 W. Tennant Thane of Fife iii. lxi. 125 Fife's mountain-girdled hollow rung afar With sound of rousing pipe.
1901 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 6 828 Let us..drop anchor in some mountain-girdled loch.
1984 A. R. Burn Persia & Greeks (ed. 2) (BNC) 389 The [temperature] maxima in mountain-girdled Thessaly usually run slightly higher.
mountain-guarded adj.
ΚΠ
1827 J. Mitford Sacred Specimens p. xxi Mountain-guarded Amalek Bowed to earth his yokeless neck.
1939 H. Belloc Decameron in Tablet 11 Feb. 166/2 Mountain-guarded gardens.
mountain-roofed adj. (poetic)
ΚΠ
1937 E. Blunden Elegy 90 The rough walls back to Chaucer reach, Near windowless, mountain-roofed, wry-angled.
mountain-sheltered adj.
ΚΠ
1924 W. J. Locke Coming of Amos xiii. 169 A coast of romantic mountain-sheltered creeks.
2000 Toronto Star (Nexis) 19 Aug. The school..is a mountain-sheltered, pond-ornamented compound of several low-level wooden buildings.
mountain-walled adj.
ΚΠ
1854 J. E. A. Smith Taghconic 3 Within this mountain walled amphitheatre lies cradled the upland valley of the Housatonic, with all its fertile farms.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 180 We seem to be in a mountain-walled lake.
1995 D. Sobel Longitude ii. 19 But it showed itself to be the impermeable, Spanish-ruled mountain-walled coast of Chile.
C2.
a.
mountain artillery n. Military light ordnance for use in mountainous country.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > mountain-piece or howitzer > collectively
mountain artillery1849
1849 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 140/2 He marched from Girselaul with thirteen battalions, a small escort of mounted Cossacks, and a train of mountain artillery.
1915 Daily Mail 20 Apr. 5/3 In the course of this action we captured a section of mountain artillery (two 3 in. guns) and two machine-guns.
1998 GQ Aug. 117/2 The young man enlisted, joining the mountain artillery regiment confronting the Austrians in the South Tyrol.
mountain barometer n. now historical a barometer adapted for use as an altimeter, using the fact that atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude.
ΚΠ
1816 Trans. Geol. Soc. 3 341 I made use of Sir Henry Engelfield's mountain barometer.
1835 A. Smith Diary 9 June (1940) II. 63 He..took hold of the mountain barometer and wished me to open it.
1867 De Bow's Rev. Sept. 203 The mountain barometer is now made so portable that it can be carried almost anywhere.
1967 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 168 Pl. 31 (caption) Mountain barometer with thermometer attached, made for Dalton by Lawrence Buchan.
1998 Independent (Nexis) 13 Sept. 11 Fleming's explorers..were equipped with Henry Kater's pendulum for measuring ellipticality, Englefield's mountain barometer and companion, [etc.].
mountain battery n. Military a battery of light guns capable of being transported in hilly country by mules.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery
battery1555
counter-battery1603
swallow's nest1604
field battery1742
radeau1753
guns en barbette1772
half-moon battery1794
sap battery1810
sunken battery1817
screw battery1848
wool-battery1852
masked battery1861
mountain battery1868
machine-gun battery1882
1868 Littell's Living Age 11 July 78 The guns of Colonel Penn's mountain battery..were in full play.
1875 Encycl. Brit. III. 443/1 In mountain and position batteries both gunners and drivers usually walk.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 396 Mountain Battery, a battery of mountain pieces. The pieces and carriages are carried separately upon the backs of animals by means of pack-saddles of special construction, or aparejos.
mountain boy n. (a) U.S. History a member of a military company from a mountainous area, in earlier use esp. from Vermont (cf. Green Mountain State n. at green adj. and n.1 Compounds 1d(a)); (b) gen. a boy or man from a mountainous area.
ΚΠ
1772 in Vermont Hist. Soc. Coll. (1870) 1 6 Captain Warner's company of Green Mountain Boys..fired three volleys of small arms.]
1777 A. Hamilton Let. 2 Nov. in Papers (1961) I. 349 Nixon's brigades, & Col. Warner's mountain boys.
1800 W. Wordsworth in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads II. 39 Though he was not of a timid nature, Yet still the spirit of a mountain boy In him was somewhat check'd.
1815 Niles' Reg. 8 39/2 At the most gloomy period of the war, these mountain boys of Pennsylvania..organized themselves into a company.
1888 Cent. Mag. Oct. 897/2 Zeke..his hat in one hand, and the other, for want of a coat, thrust into his half-open shirt-front—a bare-footed mountain boy.
1918 W. Cather My Ántonia i. i. 3 I travelled in the care of a mountain boy..one of the ‘hands’ on my father's old farm.
1993 Speculum 68 480 Certainly mountain boys left their families to become professional shepherds.
mountain breeze n. a light or moderate wind occurring or originating in mountainous country; (Meteorology) = mountain wind n. 2.
ΚΠ
1758 M. Akenside Hymn to Naiads in R. Dodsley Coll. Poems Several Hands VI. 10 Where his breast may drink the mountain-breeze.
1809 M. Holford Wallace iv. lx. 164 Ye who fight your country's fight, Whose nerves her mountain breezes brace.
1920 W. J. Humphreys Physics of Air vii. 111 Where the valley is long and rather steep..the down-flowing air current may attain the velocity of a gale and become a veritable aerial torrent. This drainage flow is known..as the mountain breeze, or mountain wind.
1967 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Atmospheric Sci. & Astrogeol. 1150/1 With regard to the gradient of the land surface, local winds may be classified as anabatic (upslope, e.g., valley breeze) or katabatic (downslope, e.g., mountain breeze, glacier breeze).
1994 Connecticut Hort. Soc. Newslet. Apr. 10/1 Unto Santa Fe with its refreshing mountain breezes and the aroma of Pinon Pines.
mountain building n. the formation of mountains, esp. as a result of folding and thrusting of the earth's crust.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [noun] > orogenesis
revolution1795
mountain building1871
orogenesis1886
orogeny1890
1871 N. Amer. Rev. 113 238 We cannot separate the phenomena of volcanoes and earthquakes from those of mountain-building and continental growth.
1919 Jrnl. Geol. (Chicago) 27 250 Only moderate igneous activity was associated with the mountain building.
1944 J. S. Huxley On Living in Revol. p. vii Periods of mountain-building accompanied by the emergence of more land from the sea.
1992 Sci. Amer. Apr. 39/1 The resulting episode of mountain building in northwest Nevada, known as the Sonoma orogeny, coincides with the completion of the assembly of Pangaea.
mountain chain n. a connected series of mountains, esp. an aggregate of ranges of mountains having a common geographical relation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range
ledge1555
range1601
sierra1613
cordillera1704
mountain chain1776
mountain range1809
chain1830
serra1830
mountain system1838
hump1914
1776 W. J. Mickle tr. L. de Camoens Lusiad x. 466 Lo, distant far another mountain chain Rears its rude cliffs.
1813 R. Bakewell Introd. Geol. 57 The most extensive mountain chains have a northern and southern direction.
1872 C. King Mountaineering in Sierra Nevada i. 1 A succession of mountain chains folded in broad corrugations.
1996 K. S. Robinson Blue Mars 48 There were rainshadows downwind of high volcanoes or mountain chains.
mountain-chair n. (a) a chair-shaped depression in a mountain; (b) (now historical) a kind of sedan chair or palanquin for use in mountainous country.
ΚΠ
1822 W. Tennant Thane of Fife iii. 135 The mountain-chair of granite proud, Whereon Ben Nevis sits commanding either flood.
1857 R. Fortune Resid. among Chinese ix. 177 Our coolies being at last engaged and loaded with some few necessaries, and our mountain-chairs all ready, we despatched our boats.
1906 Macmillan's Mag. Apr. 457 A courteous constable, who kindly procured me a mountain-chair.
mountain cross n. †(a) Heraldry a plain cross humetty (obsolete); (b) a cross situated in a mountainous area.
ΚΠ
?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. Eee2/1 Mountain Cross.
1846 L. M. Child Fact & Fiction 115 When they buried him beside the mountain cross, they found a ringlet of black hair in a little ivory casement next his heart.
1895 Harper's Mag. Apr. 752 The words which failed the white lips before the mountain cross came now like a cry of pain.
mountain cure n. now historical a course of treatment to promote recovery from a disease, esp. tuberculosis, by a visit made to an area of high altitude.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by fresh air, sunlight, etc. > [noun]
insolation1626
air bath1746
sea-bath1785
sun cure1853
air cure1856
climatotherapy1875
mountain cure1876
heliotherapy1890
climatotherapeutics1896
1876 Fortn. Rev. Mar. 340 Very many invalids seek the mountain-cure.
1992 Audubon (Nexis) May 54 Tens of thousands of ‘Murray's Fools’ flooded the Adirondacks, including thousands of tuberculosis victims in search of the ‘mountain cure’.
mountain Damara n. see Damara n.
mountain fastness n. a mountain stronghold; (poetic) an inaccessible mountainous area.
ΚΠ
1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion ii. 58 Among yon mountain fastnesses concealed. View more context for this quotation
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 181 A mountain fastness in a rich valley.
1983 A. Mason Illusionist i. 10 His words were followed by a strange hush, as if the ancient intransigence of that religion they spoke of had come down for a moment from its mountain fastnesses and manifested its presence in the elegant room.
1994 Daily Tel. 30 Aug. 10/6 The ruins of the ancient Nabateans' capital, built in the mountain fastness of Jordan's southern desert.
mountain-folding n. the formation of mountains as a result of folding of the earth's crust.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [noun] > tectogenesis
mountain-folding1883
tectogenesis1937
1883 Science 27 Apr. 325/2 Erosion can, under no circumstances, keep pace with mountain folding.
1925 J. Joly Surface-hist. Earth 170 The effects of these conditions on mountain-folding would probably be principally experienced where the geosynclines had forced the continental materials deep into the magma.
1971 Geogr. Abstr. A. 445 (heading) Fundamental principles of the development of collapses and slips in mountain-folding regions.
mountain folk n. (also mountain folks) (a) Scottish History Cameronians (cf. mountain man n. 2); (b) gen. people who live in mountainous areas.
ΚΠ
1713 R. Wodrow Corr. (1842) I. 520 The mountain folks, as they were called..did not join in hearing till they gave in a written testimony against the indulgence.
1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 78 But if the brave old mould is broke, And end in clowns the mountain-folk.
1892 Cornhill Mag. 18 615 The gentian spirit may be said to be the very elixir of life to the mountain folk.
1992 Gourmet Feb. 116/3 The mountain folks' specialty, reminiscent of Caerphilly, made from sheep's milk and known as mitzithra.
mountain guide n. a person with local knowledge who acts as a guide amongst mountains; esp. one specially trained to guide on dangerous mountain ascents.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > one who guides or leads > in mountains
maron1511
mountain guide1810
Old Man of the Mountain1837
Sherpa1959
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 52 With a trusty mountain guide.
?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 31 Mountain guide.
1976 Lancs. Evening Post 7 Dec. 9/6 Stephen, a qualified mountain guide, was later criticised by rescue leaders because he had gone out on the mountains alone.
1995 Daily Mail Holiday Action Summer (Mountains & Lakes Suppl.) 10/3 To reach the higher rambling routes, take the six-person gondola lift up to 1,700m, where the local mountain guides lead free walks.
mountain-gun n. [compare French pièce de montagne (see quot. 1844; apparently not recorded elsewhere)] Military a gun specially adapted for use in mountainous country.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > mountain-piece or howitzer
howitz1687
howitzer1695
amusette1757
mountain howitzer1812
mountain-gun1844
how1915
gun-howitzer1940
1844 Athenaeum 7 Dec. 1115/2 He [sc. Napoleon] inquired if we had any pièces de montagne, (mountain guns).
1858 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. May 599/1 The two field-batteries and the mountain-guns were loaded with grape.
1973 Modelworld Feb. 291/2 Hinchcliffe have recently issued in their 25 mm scale figure series two interesting little groups, representing a 2.5 inch mountain-gun [etc.].
mountain hold n. literary a stronghold or fort among mountains.
ΚΠ
1807 J. B. Burges Exodiad i. iii. 121 The vanquisht to their mountain-holds were fled.
1906 C. M. Doughty Dawn in Brit. V. xx. 229 Last, almost spent, they win to mountain hold.
mountain howitzer n. Military a howitzer specially adapted for use in mountainous country.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > mountain-piece or howitzer
howitz1687
howitzer1695
amusette1757
mountain howitzer1812
mountain-gun1844
how1915
gun-howitzer1940
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. li. 33 The mountain-howitzer, the broken road,..Portend the deeds to come.
1894 S. Dakota Hist. Coll. 1 303 Sibley got away from Fort Ridgeley..with 2,000 infantry, 800 cavalry, and some mountain howitzers.
1970 D. Brown Bury my Heart at Wounded Knee iv. 71 The Cheyennes were sure that they could have killed all the soldiers and captured their mountain howitzers.
1989 J. Hook Chief Joseph (BNC) 34 To the west, a group led by Bird Alighting seized Gibbon's pack-train, destroying a mountain howitzer and capturing 20,000 rounds of Springfield ammunition.
mountain-land n. [compare post-classical Latin terra montana (Vulgate)] (a) (esp. in Ireland and New England) rough unenclosed pastureland, often on the slopes of hills (cf. sense A. 1e); (b) Caribbean cultivable land on a mountain slope; (c) gen. mountainous country.
ΚΠ
1519 in F. W. Weaver Somerset Medieval Wills (1901) 206 James Birse my nephew..all the lands, closes, etc with mountain land..which I have of the lease of William Carrant Esquire.
1667 in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 39 Barren mountaine lands, not worth six pence an acre yearely.
1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane i. Argt. sig. Bv Begin to plant mountain-land in July.
1797 J. A. Graham Descriptive Sketch Vermont 166 There is much Mountain land in these districts.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. lxviii. 95 When he did address Himself to quit at length this mountain land.
1880 Spectator 21 Aug. 1065 The mountain land over which the tenants have had for generations a right of stray for their cattle.
1952 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Anc. Judaism i. i. 5 The Syrian-Palestinian mountainland was by turns exposed to Mesopotamian and to Egyptian influences.
1977 Democrat (Basseterre, St. Kitts) 10 Dec. 1 Reserving the Mountain-Lands for sale to the hundreds of peasants who for generations have eked a living from these locations.
1995 M. Collins Colour of Forgetting 151 In the Attaseat mountain-land, the trees..seemed confidently unaware of how radically the times were changing.
† mountain Malaga n. Obsolete = mountain wine n.
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1705 J. Dennis Gibraltar i. i. 7 Shall an honmest Drunkard not venture his Ears for honest Mountain-Malaga?
1733 S.-Carolina Gaz. 13 Jan. 3/1 Just Imported..a choice Parcel of Madeira Wines, Mountain Malaga, and Red Port in Bottles.
1849 H. Melville Mardi II. lxxvii. 333 Yet do we oftentimes leave behind us goodly houses and lands; rare old brandies and mountain Malagas; [etc.].
mountain mass n. (a) a huge mass (cf. sense B.); (b) a large mass of rock; (c) a mass of mountains, a massif.
ΚΠ
1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in Iliad & Odyssey II. xviii. 419 Now, wherefore liv'st, and why wast ever born Thou mountain-mass of earth!
1808 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. III. xi. 255 A Stock~werk, is a mountain-mass of greater or less extent, traversed in all directions by a very great number of small veins.
1833 Penny Cycl. I. 433/1 The mountain-masses in North America.
1918 A. Huxley Defeat of Youth 21 Soon will they lift towards the summer sky Their mountain-mass of clotted greenery.
1993 Scotland's Nat. Heritage Sept. 7/1 The central mountain mass of Beinn Eighe was declared as Britain's first National Nature Reserve in 1951.
mountain oyster n. the testicles of a calf, sheep, or other animal, used as food; lamb's fry; cf. prairie oyster n. 2.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > Ovus Aries (domestic sheep) > lamb > parts of
grass lamb1697
mountain oyster1857
1857 Washington Star 21 July 2/2 Entrees... Vol au vent, a la financier; young chickens, Maryland style; mountain oysters, sauce royale [etc.].
1937 A. Wynn in J. F. Dobie & M. C. Boatright Straight Texas 217 At branding time there was that delicacy known as the mountain oyster.
1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) xi. 189 I have consumed mountain oysters and prairie dancers that are actually poetic.
1998 G. Vidal Smithsonian Inst. i. 18 I'm about to have me a pair of mountain oysters.
mountain railroad n. U.S. a narrow-gauge railway for transport in mountain regions.
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1853 Sci. Amer. 18 June 319/1 Huntingdon and Broad Top Mountain Railroad. Proposals will be received at the office of the Engineer..for the Gradation and Masonry of 35 miles of the above Railroad.
1893 Science 24 Mar. 155/2 Mountain railroads wind in grand loops and horse-shoe curves around the valleys and up to the passes, making miles of road to gain a few hundred feet in altitude.
1913 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 7 139 Mountain railroads less than twenty miles long..hauling chiefly minerals.
2001 Denver Post (Nexis) 8 Apr. t3 Choose a Swiss Pass... It not only covers the federal railways, it includes most, but not all, of Switzerland's mountain railroads.
mountain railway n. (a) a light railway for transport in mountain regions; (b) a miniature ascending railway designed for amusement; a funicular.
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society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > a railway > with specific situation or route
chemin de fer1835
junction1839
mountain railway1851
beltline1863
trans-Siberian1896
trans-continental1907
interurban1912
S-bahn1962
society > leisure > entertainment > place of amusement or entertainment > fairground or amusement park > [noun] > fairground ride > roller coaster or railway
montagne russe1834
mountain railway1851
switchback1863
rollercoaster1883
scenic railway1890
chute1908
coaster1910
moon rocket1921
motor-coaster1928
giant racer1934
Big Dipper1935
scenic1956
1851 Internat. Mag. Aug. 133/2 In the Mormon territory of Utah ground was broken for the Great Salt Lake and Mountain Railway on the 1st of May.
1898 Daily News 22 Nov. 5/1 The mountain railway reaches an elevation of nearly five thousand feet.
1910 Penny Guide Japan-Brit. Exhib. 23 Mountain Railway. The visitor enters the cars which travel slowly round and upward until the top of the mountain range is reached.
1925 A. Huxley Those Barren Leaves ii. iii. 106 The switchback, the water-shoot and the mountain railway.
1995 Daily Mail Holiday Action Summer (Mountains & Lakes Suppl.) 14/3 You approach both by attractive mountain railways that lead to mouthwatering views of the Jungfrau.
mountain range n. a series of mountains ranged in a line and connected by elevated ground.
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the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range
ledge1555
range1601
sierra1613
cordillera1704
mountain chain1776
mountain range1809
chain1830
serra1830
mountain system1838
hump1914
1809 J. Grahame Brit. Georgics 178 Far on their homeward way, the Highland bands Approach the mountain range.
1893 Home Mission. (N.Y.) Sept. 264 Topographically, it is composed of lofty plateaus, crossed by mountain ranges.
1985 E. Kuzwayo Call me Woman ii. ix. 121 Much of the village is built on the mountain range running to the north-west.
2001 Sunday Mirror 7 Jan. 45 Here we were, honeymooning in Canada's majestic mountain range, and my new husband confessed he was terrified of heights.
mountain saddle n. (a) a type of saddle used on horses in mountain regions; (also) a type of saddle used on mountain bikes; (b) = saddle n.1 5b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [noun] > anticline > depression on axis
saddle1798
mountain saddle1849
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping or management of horses > horse-gear > [noun] > saddle > types of saddle
mail-saddle1360
trotter-saddle1381
panel1393
loadsaddle1397
packsaddle1398
limber-saddle1480
pillion1480
side-saddle1493
steel saddle1503
pilgate1511
mail pillowc1532
stock-saddle1537
pad1556
sunk1568
trunk-saddle1569
soda1586
mail pillion1586
running saddle1596
Scotch saddle1596
postilion saddle1621
pad-saddle1622
portmanteau-saddle1681
watering saddle1681
cart-saddle1692
demi-pique1695
crook-saddle1700
saddle pad1750
recado1825
aparejo1844
mountain saddle1849
somerset1851
pilch1863
cowboy saddle1880
sawbuck (pack)saddle1881
western saddle1883
cross-saddle1897
centre-fire1921
McClellan1940
poley1957
1849 F. Parkman Calif. & Oregon Trail 145 Though aided by the high-bowed ‘mountain-saddle’ I could scarcely keep my seat on horseback.
1853–4 W. L. Herndon Explor. Valley Amazon 234 The mountain saddles with high backs and pommels are indispensably necessary on the eastern slope of the Andes.
1899 Cent. Mag. Feb. 568/1 The army traversed thirty miles of level land, then with a rise of from eight hundred to one thousand feet passed over another mountain saddle.
1991 M. Frutkin Invading Tibet i. 15 In the distance, I noted a mountain saddle dipping between two peaks.
1995 Bicycling Nov.–Dec. 84/3 The Bontrager Plus 10 saddle..gets its name because it's 10-mm wider (and a bit more padded) than the original Bontrager mountain saddle.
mountain schooner n. U.S. (now historical) a covered wagon used in mountainous country (cf. earlier prairie schooner n.).
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > cart, carriage, or wagon > [noun] > used in mountainous country
mountain schooner1869
1869 C. L. Brace New West xiv. 188 It is more than a hundred miles away from the first link with civilization, and yet coaches, wagons, and the stream of ‘mountain-schooners’ pour into it unceasingly.
1882 B. Harte Flip, & Found at Blazing Star 2 Anxious faces yearned toward it..from the blinding white canvas covers of ‘mountain schooners’.
mountains high adv. Nautical hyperbolically as high as mountains (with reference to waves); cf. mountain high adj. at Compounds 1f.
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the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > wave > types of waves > [adjective] > high or very high
mountains high1719
high-crested1861
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 11 The Sea went Mountains high.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 172 It is not uncommon to hear of the sea running ‘mountains high’; yet..the height of a wave..rarely exceeds 40 ft.
1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid ii. 43 Nereus in wild rage Churns the sea with his trident and raises it mountains-high.
mountain sick adj. suffering from mountain sickness.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [adjective] > atmospheric pressure
mountain sick1913
1913 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 203 264 (table) On Pike's Peak. Mountain sick.
1937 Discovery June 171/1 People have been very mountain-sick at this hut.
1992 Glasgow (Herald) (Nexis) 19 June 16 Seven out of the nine people in our party were also mountain sick.
mountain sickness n. = altitude sickness n. at altitude n. Compounds.
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the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > environmental disorders > [noun] > atmospheric pressure
puna1835
mountain sickness1848
soroche1878
caisson disease1883
the bends1894
altitude sickness1901
caisson sickness1911
decompression sickness1941
ebullism1956
1848 tr. W. Hoffmeister Trav. Ceylon & Continental India x. 351 The feelings of indisposition caused by the mountain sickness.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 456 The supposition,..of heart failure as a cause of mountain-sickness.
1922 Glasgow Herald 4 Jan. 4 In order to minimise the effects of soroche, or mountain sickness, on persons suffering from weak heart the company provides cars with compartments equipped with oxygen.
2000 Med. Post (Nexis) 10 Nov. The assumption is always that feeling unwell [on Everest] equals mountain sickness until proven otherwise.
mountain slide n. a landslide occurring on a mountainside.
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the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > movement under gravity or water
land-rushc1550
slide1664
landslip1679
pitting1686
rockfall?1797
shoot1820
landslide1822
run1827
mountain slide1830
slip1838
slough1838
mudslide1848
founder1882
creep1889
soil-creep1897
rock creep1902
slump1905
solifluction1906
slumping1907
slopewash1938
sludging1946
mass wasting1951
1830 Massachusetts Spy 25 Aug. Mountain slides.
1886 A. Winchell Walks & Talks in Geol. Field 106 Mountain-slides..sometimes occasion genuine earthquake tremours.
1958 L. Whishaw As far as you'll take Me ii. 13 Frank [sc. a town] had been wiped out almost entirely in the spring of 1903 by a gigantic mountainslide.
2000 N.Y. Times 10 Dec. v. 10/1 A mass of huge boulders remains where, in 1991, a mountain slide buried Lerch, which was part of the village of Randa.
mountain spectre n. †(a) a Brocken spectre (see Brocken n.) (obsolete); (b) an apparition seen in the mountains.
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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > optical illusion > [noun] > an optical illusion > mirage
mirage1812
seraba1835
mountain spectre1880
1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 399/2 Mountain spectres are caused by reflexion, and often appear accompanied by chromatic halos.
1901 Dict. National Biogr. Suppl. I. 134/1 His ‘Mountain Sylph’..was written under the inspiration of legendary forest magi and mountain spectres belonging to Germany.
1944 M. Rukeyser Coll. Poems (1978) 207 Hallucination and the metal laugh In clouds, and the mountain-spectre riding storm.
Mountain Standard Time n. North American (also with lower-case initials) the standard time in a zone including parts of Canada and the United States in or near the Rocky Mountains, seven hours behind Greenwich Mean Time; abbreviated MST; also Mountain Standard.
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1935 World Almanac (ed. 50) 115/2 Mountain Standard Time is the local time of the 105th meridian.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 5 Feb. 22/8 Sealed tenders..will be received up to 2 o'clock P.M. Mountain Standard Time.
1987 Christian Sci. Monitor (Electronic ed.) 13 Oct. 3 Arizona has chosen to remain on mountain standard time year-round.
1994 Western Living Oct. 54/2 The valley doesn't observe daylight time and is therefore always on mountain standard.
Mountain State n. U.S. (a nickname for) the State of West Virginia; (occasionally also) the State of Montana; (in plural) the states that contain the Rocky Mountains.
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the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [noun] > United States > states with specific qualities
border states1842
Sunshine State1887
Equality State1891
Mountain State1891
Wheat State1911
1891 M. F. Sweetser King's Handbk. of U.S. 880 West Virginia has been called the Switzerland of America, and the Mountain State, on account of her high mountains and rugged hills, dashing rivers, and pure sweet air.
1975 Business Week (Nexis) 27 Jan. Energy development will bring sweeping changes to the Mountain States, which include Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, and the eastern parts of Nevada and Arizona as well.
1997 Mid-Atlantic Weekends Spring–Summer 113/2 The rugged beauty of the Mountain State is like nothing else in the mid-Atlantic.
2001 Sunday Gaz.-Mail (Charleston, W. Va.) (Nexis) 18 Feb. The Highlands Conservancy has long been involved in efforts to protect the Monongahela National Forest and the other lands that earned for the Mountain State it's ‘wild, wonderful West Virginia’ slogan.
mountain system n. a group of mountain ranges showing similarity in form, orientation, etc., and assumed to have arisen from the same mountain-building event.
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the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > mountain > [noun] > range
ledge1555
range1601
sierra1613
cordillera1704
mountain chain1776
mountain range1809
chain1830
serra1830
mountain system1838
hump1914
1838 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 8 389 The first section of the present volume contains a geographical survey of the Ural mountain-system.
1931 C. M. Nevin Princ. Struct. Geol. xi. 289 A mountain system is characterized by folding, faulting, and igneous activities that vary in their complexity and relative importance throughout the zone of deformation.
1968 R. A. Lyttleton Myst. Solar Syst. iii. 91 It can be expected that mountain-systems will have formed on Venus comparable with those on Earth.
1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) i. 14 Past encounters between the plates have produced—and continue to produce—the great mountain systems that curve through Alaska.
Mountain time n. (also Mountain Time) North American the time based on the mean solar time of the 105th meridian, esp. = Mountain Standard Time n.; (also) the zone of Mountain Standard Time.
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the world > time > reckoning of time > [noun] > systems of reckoning time of day
time1646
apparent time1694
local timea1703
Greenwich Mean Time1782
sun time1837
GMT1840
railway time1847
railroad time1849
Greenwich time1861
Eastern time1878
Pacific time1880
Universal Time1882
Eastern Standard Time1883
Mountain time1883
British Standard Time1908
daylight saving1908
zone time1908
LMT1909
British Summer Time1916
summertime1916
U.T.1929
B.S.T.1930
EST1935
British Double Summer Time1941
war time1942
B.D.S.T.1943
ephemeris time1950
1883 N.Y. Herald 18 Nov. 12/3 In the United States the standards will be known as ‘Eastern’, ‘Central’, ‘Mountain’ and ‘Pacific’ times.
1891 Cent. Dict. at Time1 The time of the 105th meridian (called mountain time).
1952 B. Malamud Natural 12 It looked around half-past five, but he couldn't be sure because somewhere near they left Mountain Time.
1991 D. Lamb Stolen Season vi. 73 I left the Mountain Time Zone, crossed the Continental Divide in New Mexico and neared Texas.
† mountain wine n. Obsolete a type of wine formerly produced in Malaga; cf. sense A. 4.
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the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > Spanish wines > [noun]
Alicantc1500
tent1542
hollock1576
tinto1599
Malaga1608
sherry1608
Peter-see-me1617
arrope1622
steelback1633
Peter1679
mountain wine1700
mountain Malaga1705
mountain1710
benecarlo1734
Pedro Ximenez1801
Algarbe1823
Valdepeñas1832
Rioja1863
Tarragona1888
margarita1903
rosado1956
Albariño1972
Spanish1977
cava1978
Tempranillo1989
1700 in R. Renwick Extracts Rec. Stirling (1889) II. 346 Given to the provest for mountaine wyne to keip in his hous to entertaine gentlemen and strangers.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §115 A spoonful of mountain-wine in each glass.
1869 A. S. Wright Wright's Bk. 3000 Pract. Receipts 315 Put the jelly into a saucepan, with a pint of mountain wine, half a pound of loaf-sugar, [etc.].
b.
(a) In the names of minerals, rocks, etc. [Chiefly after German compounds in Berg- mountain- (see barrow n.1).]
mountain blue n. [after German Bergblau (1716) or Swedish bergblått (1758 in the passage translated in quot. 1770), both lit. ‘mountain blue’] Mineralogy a blue or bluish copper mineral, esp. azurite or chrysocolla.
ΚΠ
1770 G. von Engeström & E. M. da Costa tr. A. F. Cronstedt Ess. Syst. Mineral. 36 Mountain blue [Sw. bergblått], Cœruleum montanum. Germanicè, Bergblau.
1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 237/1 Earthy blue carbonat. Mountain blue.
1892 E. S. Dana J. D. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 6) 699 Chrysocolla... Mountain Blue and Mountain Green.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 472/2 Mountain blue, syn. of azurite..and of chrysocolla.
1999 M. Frayn Headlong (2000) 95 I grind the crystals of copper carbonate, the azurite or verditer, the famous mountain blue for the receding planes of aerial perspective, and paint my way, blue by blue, up to the distant sea.
mountain butter n. [after German Bergbutter (attributed to A. G. Werner by C. A. S. Hoffmann 1789, in Bergmännisches Jrnl. 1 379)] Mineralogy (now historical) any of various minerals occurring as soft masses, esp. alunogen or halotrichite.
ΚΠ
1896 A. H. Chester Dict. Names Minerals 181 Mountain-butter.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 472/2 Mountain butter, syn. of Bergbutter.
mountain crystal n. [after Dutch bergh-cristal (1596 in the passage translated in quot. 1598)] Mineralogy (now historical) quartz; a quartz crystal.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > rock crystal > [noun]
crystalOE
diamond1591
mountain crystal1598
rock crystal1598
Welsh diamond1705
Irish diamond1774
magne-crystal1870
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > tectosilicate > [noun] > quartz > crystalline quartzes > rock crystal
crystalOE
irisa1387
crystalline1539
rainbow-stone1587
Cornish diamond1591
diamond1591
mountain crystal1598
rock crystal1598
pebble1688
Cornish stone1695
Welsh diamond1705
rainbow crystal1748
quartz crystal1770
Irish diamond1774
1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. ix. 19/1 They haue..a kind of mountain Christall, wherof they make many signets.
1705 Philos. Trans. 1704–05 (Royal Soc.) 24 1906 When I view'd the so nam'd Crystal Particles,..many of 'em appear'd to me to be Hexangular, like the Mountain Crystal.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Milk The internal use..of calcin'd mountain crystals, in powder.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 447 Quartz..When crystallized in hexagonal pyramids..is called mountain crystal.
1896 A. H. Chester Dict. Names Minerals 182 Mountain-crystal, a popular name for quartz crystal.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 427/2 Mountain crystal, syn. of quartz.
† mountain-flour n. Mineralogy Obsolete rare = mountain meal n.
ΚΠ
1861 Chambers's Encycl. II. 49/1 Bergmehl, or mountain-flour, is a recent deposit of a white or cream-coloured powder.
mountain limestone n. thick Carboniferous limestone, esp. that forming the Pennines of northern England.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > limestone > others
lias1404
stone marrow1681
stone marl1682
saint's head stone1763
Kentish rag1769
watericle1776
kankar1793
Cotham1816
mountain limestone1817
tosca1818
cornstone1819
burr1829
coral-limestone1831
scar-limestone1831
Wenlock limestone1834
bavin1839
curf1839
Solenhofen slate1841
Beer stone1871
miliolite limestone1872
Clipsham1877
reef limestone1884
Hopton wood1888
thermo-calcite1888
Kilkenny marble1930
micrite1959
1817 Trans. Geol. Soc. 4 210 The..flœtz or mountain limestone.
1840 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 3 414/2 This ore is generally found..in caverns or churns of the mountain limestone in large masses.
1865 C. Lyell Elem. Geol. 513 Crinoidea are also common in the Mountain Limestone.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxiii. 629 Chalk and mountain limestone were originally produced by the minute marine organisms known as foraminifera.
1996 R. Drewe Drowner (1998) 191 It's coastal limestone from the Pleistocene Age, not Carboniferous like the mountain limestone of the Pennines.
mountain meal n. [apparently after German Bergmehl (see quot. 1823)] Mineralogy (now historical) (a) diatomaceous earth; (b) = moonmilk n.
ΚΠ
1823 W. Phillips Elem. Introd. Mineral. (ed. 3) 54 Mountain-meal. Bergmehl.
1876 G. B. Goode Animal Resources U.S. 66 ‘Mountain meal’, a kind of infusorial earth, mixed with flour, and used as food in Lapland and China.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 427/2 Mountain meal, syn. of tripolite.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 599/2 Rock meal, var. of calcite... Translation of Bergmehl; an efflorescence, also called mountain meal.
† mountain milk n. Mineralogy Obsolete = moonmilk n.
ΚΠ
1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 775/2 Mountain milk, a very soft spongy variety of carbonate of lime.
1893 Amer. Naturalist 27 276 The author believes the mineral to be a hydrated carbonate CaCO2 + 2H2O..similar to the ‘Mountain Milk’ of Rose.
† mountain mine n. Obsolete the lower coal measures of a coalfield (see also quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 24 Nov. 18/1 The best coke being made from what was called ‘Mountain Mine’.
1855 J. Phillips Man. Geol. 184 The lower coal measures or ‘mountain mine’ group.
1875 E. Hull et al. Geol. Burnley Coalfield 54 There are..several coal-seams in the lower part of the series, known as ‘Mountain Mines’, from the fact of their being found generally amongst the hills.
† mountain pitch n. Obsolete rare = asphalt n. 1.
ΚΠ
1798 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Aug. 203 (heading) Mineral Tar, Bitumen Petroleum tarde fluens..Mountain or Mineral Pitch—Bitumen Maltha.
mountain soap n. [after German Bergseife (A. G. Werner Cronstedt's Versuch einer Mineralogie (1780) 189)] Mineralogy (now historical) a kind of dark earthy clay, probably a halloysite.
ΚΠ
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 189 The earth called mountain soap.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 427/2 Mountain soap, syn. of Bergseife (= halloysite).
mountain tallow n. Mineralogy (now historical) = hatchettite n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > resins > hatchettin
hatchettine1821
mountain tallow1859
hatchettite1868
1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 258 Mountain tallow, another name for mineral tallow or Hatchetine.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 427/2 Mountain tallow, syn. of hatchettite.
† mountain tar n. Obsolete rare = maltha n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > waxes
mountain tar1798
maltha1807
sea-wax1807
ozokerite1834
mineral wax1838
bog-butter1863
wax1866
petrostearin1879
impsonite1901
1798 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Aug. 203 (heading) Mountain or Mineral Tar.
mountain yellow n. [compare German Berggelb (1854 in Grimm)] rare yellow ochre; the colour of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > yellow or yellowness > [noun] > brownish yellow
fallowa1425
ochre1440
Minozin1680
fulvidness1685
satinwood1773
buff1788
nankeen1794
mountain yellow1801
chamois1872
mustard1884
oliveness1890
Sahara1923
1801 Encycl. Brit. Suppl. II. 218/2 Colour..olive or mountain green, pale flesh red, and mountain yellow.
1908 N.E.D. at Mountain Mountain yellow, yellow ochre; hence as the name of a colour.
(b) Used attributively in the descriptive names of varieties of asbestos with a particular texture, indicated by the second element, as mountain cork, mountain flesh, mountain leather, mountain paper, mountain wood. Also mountain flax n. 2. Now chiefly historical.
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1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 163 It is found..in thin flat pieces, then called mountain leather, or paper.
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 163 Mountain cork.
1816 R. Jameson Syst. Mineral. (ed. 2) III. 577 Mountain or rock wood.
1868 H. Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1061 Xylolite. Syn. with mountain-wood, or ligniform asbestos.
1874 Manufacturer & Builder Jan. 16/2 Fig. 1 represents a sample of a form of asbestos commonly called mountain wood, as it has so much the appearance of wood that ignorant persons insist that it must be petrified wood.
1879 Rep. Progr. 1877–8 Geol. Surv. Canada xii. 16 In a specimen said to have come from the Grant Mine in Buckingham, glassy quartz was imbedded in a mass of mountain leather.
1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 424 Pilolite is the name given to ‘mountain leather’, usually regarded as a fibrous amphibole.
1882 Manufacturer & Builder Nov. 257/1 The varieties [of asbestos] here are amithus [read amianthus], common asbestos, mountain cork, ligniform asbestos, mountain leather and mountain paper.
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 418/1 Structure [of Pilolite] varies considerably, and has given rise to trivial names, as..mountain flesh..&c.
1899 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 28 254 A portion of the old, thick, brown weathering (like ‘mountain-cork’) remains on one face.
1921 Mineral. Abstr. 1 237 Paligorskite (‘mountain-cork’) from Billowitz near Brünn.
1945 Science 29 June 10/2 Mountain leather, a type of asbestos that has only been a museum curiosity in the past, is now found adaptable to industrial uses.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 472/2 Mountain cork, syn. of asbestos, pilolite, and palygorskite.
1997 Sci. Amer. July 55/1 Several dozen names were eventually assigned to the different forms of asbestos, including ‘mountain leather’, ‘incombustible linen’, ‘rock floss’, and ‘feathered alum’.
c. In the names of animals found in mountainous regions.
mountain antelope n. chiefly North American any of various goat-antelopes, esp. the mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus.
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1868 Sci. Amer. 5 Aug. 84/1 This is the Prongbuck, or Rocky Mountain antelope, of which I have hitherto been able to procure but one specimen for my parks.]
1874 Amer. Naturalist 8 163 The big horn mountain sheep..and the mountain antelope (Aplocerus montanus), wrongly named the Rocky Mountain goat, are undoubtedly among the most valuable and interesting of the denizens of the Rocky Mountains.
1884 Cent. Mag. Dec. 193/2 As a popular name mountain antelope or antelope-goat might be suggested.
1890 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. at Mountain Mountain antelope, the goral.
1935 Sci. Monthly Aug. 142/2 True mountain antelopes are our mountain goats.
1996 Hello! 27 Jan. 89/3 A small mountain antelope known as the izard is among the 32 species of mammal which live protected within Ordesa.
† mountain-barbel n. Obsolete rare any of various Asian freshwater fishes of the genus Schizothorax and related genera (family Cyprinidae), found at high altitudes.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > unspecified and miscellaneous type
roach1637
roughhead1818
beardy1825
shiner1836
squawfish1871
mountain-barbel1880
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes xvii. 242 The alpine freshwater fishes..are principally Salmonoids; and in Asia, besides, mountain-barbels and Loaches.
† mountain bat n. Obsolete rare the lesser sheath-tailed bat, Emballonura monticola (family Emballonuridae), a very small bat found in South-East Asia and Indonesia.
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the world > animals > mammals > order Chiroptera or bat > [noun] > suborder Microchiroptera > family Emballonuridae (sheath-tailed bat)
tomb bat1874
mountain bat1877
sac-winged bat1891
1877 Cassell's Nat. Hist. I. 314 The Mountain Bat (Emballonura monticola) is a very small creature, measuring only an inch and a half in length.
mountain-beauty n. U.S. rare the cut-throat trout, Salmo clarki.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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1890 Cent. Dict. Mountain-beauty, the California mountain-trout.
mountain bison n. the wood bison, Bison bison athabascae, a subspecies of the American bison.
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1879 I. L. Bird Rocky Mountains xi. 200 The last great haunt of the magnificent mountain bison.
1972 T. McHugh Time of Buffalo iii. 23 Frontier trappers referred to the wood subspecies as ‘mountain bison’, apparently with good reason.
mountain blackbird n. Scottish and English regional (northern) the ring ouzel, Turdus torquatus.
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1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 8 Names given it [sc. ring ouzel] from the nature of its favourite haunts... Moor, or mountain blackbird [etc.].
1887 A. C. Smith Birds Wilts. 137 It sufficiently resembles it [sc. the blackbird] to be called provincially the ‘Mountain’ Blackbird.
1971 Country Life 3 June 1351/1 Then there were mountain larks and mountain blackbirds (pipits and ousels).
mountain bluebird n. North American a bluebird of western North America, Sialia currucoides, distinguished by a blue breast rather than a red one.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Sialia
bluebird1694
blue robin1807
mountain bluebird1861
1860 S. F. Baird Birds N. Amer. I. 224 Sialia arctica, Swainson. Rocky Mountain Blue Bird.]
1861 Rep. Colorado River (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) VI. 5 Sialia Arctica..Mountain blue bird. Fort Defiance, Fort Yuma.
1904 I. G. Wheelock Birds Calif. 506 The exquisite coloring of the Mountain Bluebird renders him easily the most beautiful of all Californian birds.
1970 R. D. Symons Broken Snare xvii. 121 Only a pair of soft-voiced mountain bluebirds flitted from post to post.
1993 National Wildlife Feb. 20/1 Few mountain bluebirds had moved in.
mountain buffalo n. U.S. (a) = mountain bison n.; †(b) the bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis (obsolete rare).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > ovis canadensis (bighorn)
mountain rama1625
mountain sheep1802
bighorn1805
Rocky Mountain sheep1812
cimarron1850
Rocky Mountain bighorn1860
mountain buffalo1868
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > ovis dalli (dall sheep)
mountain sheep1802
mountain buffalo1868
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > subfamily Bovinae (bovine) > [noun] > genus Bison > Bison bison (bison) > varieties of
prairie buffalo1806
wood buffalo1837
plain buffalo1859
mountain buffalo1868
wood bison1895
1868 Amer. Naturalist 2 538 I saw no difference in the skulls [of bison], indicating a different species, or ‘Mountain Buffalo’ of the hunters. (The Bighorn is sometimes called so.)
1884 Encycl. Brit. Amer. Suppl. I. 540/2 Buffaloes long inhabiting other localities than the open plains, their natural homes, acquire distinguishable varietal characters. They are known as ‘wood-buffalo’ and ‘mountain-buffalo’.
1892 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 277/1 There are, besides the ordinary animal of the plains, the ‘mountain buffalo’,..the ‘wood buffalo’,..and the ‘beaver buffalo’.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 501/1 The buffalo is replaced by the mountain buffaloes, of which a few survive.
1986 S. Churcher N.Y. Confidential ii. 39 The black-tie crowd nibbled on lion-burgers, mountain-buffalo roast, and hippo pâté, prompting the Queen of England's husband, Prince Philip, to resign his club affiliation.
† mountain bunting n. Obsolete the snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae > subfamily Emberizinae (bunting) > plectrophenax nivalis (snow-bunting)
snow-fleck1683
snow-bird1694
snowflake1770
snow-bunting1771
mountain bunting1776
oat-fowl1793
snow-fowl1813
snowman1893
1776 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) I. ii. 331 Mountain Bunting. Lesser Mountain-finch, or Brambling. [Apparently a form of the snow bunting.]
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 72 The young males [sc. snow buntings] in summer, and the females, are called..Mountain buntings.
1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 600 Mountain-Bunting is the Snow-Bunting.
mountain burnet n. a burnet moth, Zygaena exulans, with semi-transparent and somewhat greyish wings, found in alpine and boreal areas of Eurasia; also called Scotch burnet.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Zygaenidae > zygaena exulans (mountain burnet)
mountain burnet1882
1882 W. F. Kirby European Butterflies & Moths (1903) Pl. xxii Zygæna Exulans—Mountain Burnet.
1967 E. B. Ford Moths (ed. 2) xi. 155 An instance of extremely confined distribution within the same ecological group of species is provided by the Mountain Burnet, Zygaena exulans.
1985 W. G. Tremewan in J. Heath & A. M. Emmet Moths & Butterflies Great Brit. & Ireland II. 104/2 Zygaena (Zygaena) exulans (Hohenwarth). The Scotch or Mountain Burnet.
mountain chicken n. Caribbean colloquial the South American bullfrog, Leptodactylus pentadactylus, a large terrestrial frog which is eaten as a delicacy in Dominica and Montserrat; (also) a dish prepared from this frog.
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1944 Sci. Monthly 58 192/2 (caption) Frogs' legs, called ‘mountain chicken’, are the tenderest delicacy on this island.
1969 Daily Tel. 11 Jan. 14/2 In Dominica try ‘mountain chicken’... Well, yes, I know it's frog, but a special frog, tasting like poussin when grilled.
1975 E. L. Ortiz Caribbean Cooking (1977) 60 Crapauds, also called mountain chickens, are a special type of frog found in Dominica and Montserrat.
1998 New Scientist 22 Aug. 84/3 Now we have learned that an edible frog which lives on the Caribbean island of Montserrat is called the mountain chicken. That is its real name, not its nickname.
mountain cow n. a tropical American tapir, esp. the mountain or woolly tapir, Tapirus pinchaque.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) > [noun] > with hoof in more than two parts > family Tapiridae (tapir)
ante1596
dante1601
mountain cow1699
tapir1774
bush cow1847
tapiridian1880
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. ii. iv. 102 Horses, and other Animals; amongst which the Mountain Cow..is most remarkable.
1827 O. W. Roberts Narr. Voy. Central Amer. 45 The tapir, or mountain cow.
1981 P. Theroux Mosquito Coast (1982) ii. xiv. 257 But when we saw a hairy pig-like animal snuffling in the bushes, Alice said, ‘Oh, that's a mountain-cow.’
1992 E. Hoagland in Balancing Acts 178 The tapir is the ‘mountain cow’.
mountain crab n. Jamaican the violet crab, Gecarcinus ruricola.
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1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. iii. 423 Cancer Ruricolus... The Black or Mountain-Crab. These creatures are very numerous in some parts of Jamaica.
1835 R. R. Madden Twelvemonths Resid. in W. Indies II. 266 I cannot conclude this account without a few words concerning the mountain-crab, which is the most celebrated of Jamaica delicacies.
1961 F. G. Cassidy Jamaica Talk xv. 330 Best known of all, and considered a delicacy since early days, is the black or mountain crab.
mountain eagle n. any of various eagles frequenting mountainous regions; spec. †(a) Australian the wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax (obsolete); (b) now U.S. regional the golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos.
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the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > eagles > genus Aquila > aquila chrysaetos (golden eagle)
royal eaglec1425
golden eagle1676
mountain eagle1802
war-bird1836
war-eagle1855
1802 D. Collins Acct. Eng. Colony New S. Wales II. 288 (Pl.) Mountain Eagle of New South Wales will kill a large sized Kangaroo.
1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake iii. 100 The mountain eagle..spread her dark sails on the wind.
1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick xcvi. 473 Even in his lowest swoop the mountain eagle is still higher than other birds upon the plain, even though they soar.
1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 590/1 The Golden or Mountain-Eagle..is the second British species.
1970 A. Fulton I swear to Apollo 28 High above, hanging motionless on widespread wings was the dark, dread shape of Ingqanga, the mountain eagle.
mountain finch n. [after post-classical Latin montifringilla (C. Gesner Historia Animalium (1555), after earlier use in T. Gaza Aristotelis de Natura Animalium (1476)), itself after ancient Greek ὀρόσπιζος (Aristotle)] any of various finches or related birds that frequent mountainous country, esp. †(a) the brambling, Fringilla montifringilla (obsolete); (b) a snow finch of the Asian genus Montifringilla (family Ploceidae).
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > other or unspecified types of
mountain spink1611
ring sparrow1678
oxbird1738
fody1792
mountain finch1800
fox-sparrow1869
grasshopper sparrow1883
quelea1930
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 255 The great pied Mountain-Finch or Bramlin.
1800 S. T. Coleridge Keepsake 6 The foxglove..bends beneath the up-springing lark Or mountain-finch alighting.
1867 A. L. Adams Wanderings Naturalist India 283 The black-headed mountain-finch Montifringilla hæmatopygia is often seen around the lake.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 64 Brambling... Also called Bramble finch, or Mountain finch.
1925 R. W. G. Hingston in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 263 Mountain finches are common high-altitude birds.
1948 G. H. Johnston Death takes Small Bites (1959) i. 22 Mountain finches darted ahead of the car like flying-fish skittering away before the plunging bow of a steamer.
1996 Global Ecol. & Biogeogr. Lett. 5 21/1 Sillem's mountain finch Leucosticte sillemi, known world-wide from only two specimens collected from western Tibet.
† mountain fowl n. U.S. Obsolete the blue grouse, Dendragapus obscurus.
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1846 R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xv. 125 A large bird called the mountain fowl... This bird is rather larger than our domestic hen, and of a grayish brown color.
1877 W. W. Fowler Woman on Amer. Frontier (1879) 47 Woman..is naturally as alien to water as a mountain-fowl, which flies over a stream for fear of wetting its feet.
mountain gazelle n. (originally) a gazelle frequenting mountainous country; (later) spec. the small Gazella gazella, now confined to semidesert and scrub in the Arabian peninsula (also called idmi).
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1846 F. S. Osgood Poems 96 She is tender and faithful, and pure as the dove; But timid and wild, like a mountain gazelle.
1965 D. Morris Mammals 366 Gazella gazella. Mountain Gazelle.
1968 D. L. Harrison Mammals Arabia II. 349/2 Gazella gazella... Idmi or Mountain Gazelle... This is a moderately large species with long legs.
1997 Current Anthropol. 38 656/1 In Israel, the mountain gazelle (G. gazella) lives in a relatively wet environment.
mountain gorilla n. a gorilla of the threatened subspecies Gorilla gorilla beringei, found at higher altitudes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda, and having long hair and long teeth.
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1922 Science 28 July 107/2 Various camps were established among the volcanoes and on the north shore of the lake, and extensive zoological collections made, including specimens of the mountain gorilla.
1932 Illustr. London News 5 Nov. 710/1 The mountain gorilla is mainly to be found in the Birunya Volcano region.
2000 C. Tudge Variety of Life ii. xix. 488 Gorilla is traditionally taken to include just one species, G. gorilla, but with three races—the Western lowland gorilla, the Eastern lowland, and the mountain gorillas (the ones made famous by Dian Fossey).
mountain hawk n. a hawk frequenting mountainous country; (Caribbean) the hook-billed kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus, of Central and South America and the West Indies.
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1867 W. Whitman Leaves of Grass (new ed.) 7 Having studied the mocking-bird's tones, and the mountain hawk's.
1960 J. Bond Birds W. Indies 55 Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus... Local name: Mountain Hawk.
mountain hen n. now chiefly North American any of various grouse and other game birds frequenting hilly country.
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1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Medicinal Materials iii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. Iii4 There are many more Countrey Hens, as the Water-Hen, and the Mountain-Hen, called Modcock, or Woodcock.
1706 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 25 2282 Two Dissections of Mr Ray's, viz. of a Hare and the Mountain Hen.
1860 H. Greeley Overland Journey 171 The black-tailed deer of the mountains is a general favorite; so is the mountain-hen or grouse.
1910 Trenton (New Jersey) Evening Times 28 Apr. 10/4 A mountain hen that lays less than fourteen or sixteen eggs a day is a lazy hen and is not worthy of a place on a pheasant farm.
2001 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 18 Apr. c15 Most mountain hens go on the nest full time during the second week of May.
mountain herring n. U.S. the mountain whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni (family Salmonidae), found in lakes in north-western North America.
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the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Salmonidae (salmon) > [noun] > genus Coregonus (whitefish) > member of
whiting1587
gwyniad1612
powan1633
whitefish1698
tittimeg1705
omul1706
pollack1707
pollan1714
skelly1740
vendace1769
tullibee1789
ferra1807
roundfish1821
herring-salmon1836
shad-salmon1842
mountain herring1877
bluefin1878
grayling1879
shad-waiter1879
houting1880
kilch1881
Menominee1882
gizzard-fish1883
1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 643 The size of the fry of the Rocky Mountain herring indicates that they had not long left the spawning ground.]
1877 C. Hallock Sportsman's Gazetteer 350 Williamson's Whitefish; Mountain Herring.—Coregonus williamsoni.
1902 D. S. Jordan & B. W. Evermann Amer. Food & Game Fishes 134 Like the mountain herring,..it will rise to the fly or..can be taken on the hook.
1927 Sci. Monthly 25 165/1 There were mountain herring also, Coregonus williamsoni, in the stream.
1966 C. T. Barnes & D. B. Jensen Dict. Utah Slang 31 Mountain herring, local name for the native mountain white fish (Prosopium williamsoni).
mountain jay n. U.S. Steller's jay, Cyanocitta stelleri.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > larger song birds > family Corvidae (crow) > [noun] > genus Cyanocitta > species stelleri (Steller's jay)
Steller('s) jay1814
mountain jay1862
1862 N. Amer. Rev. July 131 The Bird of Paradise and the blue Mountain Jay enliven the woodland by day.
1896 Overland Monthly Aug. 160 The long-crested jay, or mountain jay, as he is often called, is a larger and handsomer fellow than his Eastern relative.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. II. 219 Steller's Jay... [Also called] Mountain Jay; Pine Jay; Conifer Jay.
1936 M. H. Thompson High Trails 84 Of smaller birds the most showy is the mountain jay.
mountain linnet n. [after post-classical Latin linaria montana (see quot. 1678)] the twite, Acanthis flavirostris.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > arboreal families > family Fringillidae (finch) > [noun] > subfamily Carduelinae > genus Acanthis > acanthis flavirostris (twite)
twite1562
mountain linnet1678
twite finch1785
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 261 The Mountain Linnet: Linaria Montana.
1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. ii. 111 The Mountain Linnet.
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II 516 Nearly allied to the foregoing species is the Twite, so named from its ordinary call-note, or Mountain-Linnet.
1950 A. W. Boyd Coward's Birds Brit. Isles (rev. ed.) 1st Ser. 65 The Twite is a bird of the heather; it is often called the Mountain-Linnet.
1994 Bird Keeper May 11/2 Wheatears and Whinchats are to be found all over the lower slopes along with the Twites which are sometimes more aptly referred to as ‘Mountain Linnets’.
mountain lion n. a lion or other big cat frequenting mountainous country; spec. the puma or cougar, Felis concolor.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Felidae (feline) > [noun] > genus Felis > felis concolor (puma)
tiger1604
mountain lion?1615
panther1683
painter1738
red tiger1763
puma1771
American mountain lion1774
cougar1774
poltroon tiger1790
catamount1794
Indian devil1838
black panther1857
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. ii. 137 The chafed Bore, the mountaine Lionesse. View more context for this quotation]
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 402 No mountaine Lion tore Two Lambs so sternly.
1859 G. A. Jackson Diary 1 Jan. in Colorado Mag. (1935) 12 204 Killed a mountain lion today.
1874 G. H. Kingsley Let. 13 July in Notes Sport & Trav. (1900) 172 It was not a bear we were after; it was a mountain lion... Our lion is the puma.
1936 D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies ix. 77 The cougar or mountain lion is a large tawny brown cat with a small head, rather slender body and long round tail.
1972 Radio Times 1 June 30/1 Wild life to be found in different parts of Canada including a mountain lion and a wapiti.
1990 Nature Conservancy Sept. 18/2 Professional hunters..relentlessly pursued the grizzlies, wolves, and mountain lions.
mountain magpie n. rare †(a) the great grey shrike, Lanius excubitor (obsolete); †(b) the green woodpecker, Picus viridis (obsolete); (c) a magpie or similar bird frequenting mountainous country.
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1805 W. Bingley Animal Biogr. (ed. 3) II. 224 (note) Synonyms [for the great shrike].—..Shreek or Shrike, Night Jar, Mountain Magpie, French Pie.
1831 G. Montagu Dict. Brit. Birds Mountain magpie, a name for the Popinjay.
1886 Outing 9 44/2 The mountain magpie had sent his grating note abroad, when I awoke to find it day.
1952 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 15 130 In a Han work on divination, we read the following verse: A wild bird and a mountain magpie, [etc.].
mountain mockingbird n. U.S. the sage thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus (family Mimidae), a streaked, migratory, thrush-like bird that breeds on the sagebrush plains of western North America.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > non-arboreal (larks, etc.) > [noun] > family Mimidae > genus Toxostoma (thrasher)
red thrush1789
thrasher1792
brown-thrasher1810
mocking thrush1829
mountain mockingbird1853
red mavis1854
mavis1865
sage thrasher1884
mock-thrush1890
1853 S. W. Woodhouse in Rep. Exped. Zuni & Colorado Rivers (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) 35 Among the land birds were..the mountain mocking-bird, [etc.].
1890 Amer. Naturalist 24 1223 Mountain mocking birds, magpies, ravens,..and cañon wrens are also found.
1953 S. G. Jewett et al. Birds Washington State 506 Sage Thrasher... Other Names..Mountain mockingbird.
† mountain-mouse n. Obsolete an Old World marmot.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Marmota > marmota marmota (marmot)
mouse of the mountain?1583
mountain-mouse1599
marmottane1601
Alpine mouse1607
marmot1607
mountain rat1659
Alpine marmot1771
1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 50 Let mountaine mice abroad in ouert lie.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 687 A Dor-mouse, a Mountain-mouse, and such like.
1706 tr. E. Y. Ides Three Years Trav. Moscow to China 30 A flat Staff covered with the Skins of Mountain-Mice.
mountain nyala n. a nyala (antelope), Tragelaphus buxtoni, which is confined to mountain forests and heathland in southern Ethiopia.
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1910 R. Ward Rec. of Big Game (ed. 6) 312 The Mountain Nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni). Allied..to the nyala, but nearly as large as the typical kudu... At first called the Spotted Kudu.
1957 Encycl. Brit. II. 21/2 The mountain nyala (T. buxtoni) is the largest member of the genus, standing nearly as high as the koodoo.
1991 R. M. Nowak Walker's Mammals of World (ed. 5) 1408/2 The mountain nyala inhabits forests and heathland at elevations of 2,900–3,800 meters.
mountain ouzel n. [after German Bergamsel (C. Gesner Historia Animalium (1555)) < Berg mountain + Amzel (see ouzel n.)] now rare = mountain blackbird n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > genus Turdus (thrush) > turdus torquatus (ring-ouzel)
ouzela1525
ring ouzel1673
heath-throstle1676
mountain ouzel1678
rock ouzel1678
amsela1705
tor ouzel1770
ring thrush1785
blackbird1802
Michaelmas blackbird1802
heath-thrush1804
ring blackbird1817
ringed thrush1817
moor blackbird1837
1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. 195 The Rock Ouzel, or Mountain Ouzel of Gesner.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 8 Ring ouzel... Tor ouzel (Devon). Rock, or crag ouzel (Craven)... Mountain ouzel.
mountain panther n. (a) U.S. the puma, Felis concolor (now rare); (b) the snow leopard, Panthera uncia (rare).Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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1875 Overland Monthly Dec. 562/1 The desolate cry of the mountain panther echoed through the forest.
1888 Atlantic Monthly May 668/2 The next instant, with the supple agility of a mountain panther, he sprang through the narrow aperture.
1902 Webster's Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Mountain panther. (a) The ounce. (b) The puma.
mountain parrot n. a parrot that inhabits mountainous country; (in later use spec.) the kea, Nestor notabilis.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Psittaciformes (parrots, etc.) > [noun] > genus Nestor (kea)
kakac1774
mountain parrot1804
kea1862
1804 Sydney Gaz. 3 June 2 A Mountain Parrot belonging to Addy a settler on the banks of Hawkesbury.
1871 Nature 19 Oct. 489/2 A shepherd noticed one of the mountain parrots sticking to a sheep and pecking at a sore.
1895 Times 20 Dec. 13/1 The Kea of New Zealand..a mountain parrot naturally frugivorous, which has developed a fatal taste for mutton.
1930 W. M. Mann Wild Animals in & out of Zoo xx. 252 The kea or mountain parrot of New Zealand, a powerful bird, noted in its native habitat for its practice of killing sheep.
1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania ii. 17 The kea, or mountain parrot, is so confident it becomes an intruder, squawking its own name and poking into your knapsack.
mountain partridge n. †(a) U.S. the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus (obsolete); †(b) Newfoundland the ptarmigan, Lagopus mutus (obsolete); (c) U.S. = mountain quail n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Coturnix (quail)
eddish-henc825
arrish-henOE
curlewa1340
quail1381
mountain partridge1728
mountain quail1846
stubble-quail1848
koreke1871
Mearns quail1903
1728 in Colonial Rec. N. Carolina (1888) II. 791 Our Indian shot a Mountain Partridge resembling the common Partridge in the plumage but as large as a hen.
1829 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom VIII. 52 Mountain Partridge.
1870 Canad. Naturalist 5 291 A truly alpine species in Newfoundland; rarely found below the line of stunted black spruce..called by the settlers the ‘mountain partridge’.
1887 R. Ridgway Man. N. Amer. Birds 191 Pacific coast district, from San Francisco north to Washington Territory... O. pictus. Mountain Partridge.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. II. 5 Mountain quail. Oreortyx picta picta... [Also called] Mountain Partridge.
1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide 92 Common & regional names..for mountain quail..mountain partridge.
mountain pheasant n. †(a) Australian a lyrebird (obsolete); (b) U.S. the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > [noun] > family Menuridae (lyre-bird)
mockingbird1777
mountain pheasant1800
Menura1802
lyre-bird1834
buln-buln1857
lyre-tailed pheasant1885
1800 Banks Papers in Austral. Nat. Dict. (1988) 404/3 The Mountain Pheasant (as it is called) which I sent by Captain Raven for Lady Banks.
1847 Heads of People (Sydney) 8 May 38 I hear the mountain pheasant whistle o'er the distant hills.
1884 Cassell's Family Mag. Apr. 272/1 The ‘lyre-bird’, or mountain pheasant.
1888 G. Trumbull Names & Portraits Birds 146 In Virginia and the Carolinas we sometimes hear it [sc. Bonasa umbellus] referred to as the Mountain Pheasant.
1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide 15 Ruffed Grouse... Common & regional names..mountain pheasant.
mountain pigeon n. (a) Caribbean the zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita (rare); (b) South African the pintado petrel, Daption capense (rare); (c) any of several fruit pigeons of the genus Gymnophaps, of New Guinea and neighbouring islands.Sense (b) is apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope II. 158 Call'd at the Cape the Hill or Mount Pigeon.]
1880 in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1903) A. 200 476 Mountain pigeons and some other birds are commonly seen on the heights [of St Vincent].
1906 N.E.D. at Pigeon sb. Cape, Hill, or Mountain pigeon, a small species of petrel, Procellaria or Daption capensis.
1985 Biotropica 17 317/2 The mountain pigeon Gymnophaps albertisii, a nomadic flocking species, contributed 71 percent of all observations.
mountain plover n. a small North American plover, Charadrius montanus, which breeds on the central plains of the United States.
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the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > [noun] > family Charadriidae > genus Charadrius > member of (miscellaneous)
ring plover1797
wirebird1816
Kentish plover1828
piping plover1828
mountain plover1858
1858 S. F. Baird Birds (U.S. War Dept.: Rep. Explor. Route Pacific IX) ii. 693 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (33rd Congr., 2nd Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 91) Mountain Plover..is only known to inhabit the western countries of North America.
1872 Amer. Naturalist 6 272 The so-called ‘mountain’ plover was also occasional, and generally seen on the dry prairies far away from the streams and sloughs.
1917 T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 267 Mountain Plover... Nest: On the open prairies; a depression in the ground, lined with leaves and grass.
1990 Birder's World Aug. 12/3 Highlights for us were a..Mountain Plover, a Say's Phoebe, and Horned Larks.
mountain pygmy possum n. a rare pygmy possum, Burramys parvus (family Burramyidae), originally discovered as a fossil but found alive high on a mountain in south-eastern Australia in 1966.
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1970 W. D. L. Ride Native Mammals Austral. vi. 86 Mountain pigmy possum... Rat-sized (larger than all the other pigmy possums).
1971 J. Calby et al. Mountain Pigmy Possum (CSIRO Division Wildlife Res. Techn. Paper No. 23) 3 The mountain pigmy possum..was unknown as a living animal until August 1966 when a specimen was caught in the kitchen of a ski-lodge at Mt. Hotham in the Victorian alps.
1992 Nature Conservancy July 31/1 Another specialized rock-dweller poised for a crash is the mountain pygmy-possum, Australia's only alpine mammal.
mountain quail n. a New World quail, Oreortyx picta (family Odontophoridae), of the western United States, with brown, grey, and white plumage and a tall crest.
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the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Coturnix (quail)
eddish-henc825
arrish-henOE
curlewa1340
quail1381
mountain partridge1728
mountain quail1846
stubble-quail1848
koreke1871
Mearns quail1903
1846 G. R. Gibson Jrnl. 16 Dec. (1935) 293 A covey of mountain quails were seen, with their green topknots, their plumage in some respects similar to ours.
1910 J. Hart Vigilante Girl 200 The open roasting fires, before which slowly revolved..saddles of lamb, mountain quail, canvas-back.
1982 R. Elman Hunter's Field Guide 96 A typical mountain quail weighs more than 8 ounces.
mountain ram n. (a) a male mountain sheep (mountain sheep n. 1); (b) North American a male bighorn or Dall sheep (cf. mountain sheep n. 2).
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the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [noun] > ovis canadensis (bighorn)
mountain rama1625
mountain sheep1802
bighorn1805
Rocky Mountain sheep1812
cimarron1850
Rocky Mountain bighorn1860
mountain buffalo1868
a1625 J. Fletcher Bonduca iii. v, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hhhh2/2 Ye villains, ambitious salt-itcht slaves:..The mountain Rams topt your hot mothers.
1802 Daily Advertiser (N.Y.) 4 Dec. 3/1 The Mountain Ram, or Sheep, though not numerous, are to be met with in consiferable numbers, in some parts of the mountains.
1886 T. Roosevelt in Outing May 131 One of my foremen shot a mountain ram.
1951 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 14 94 On account of the sharing of the flesh of the mountain rams and sheep.
mountain rat n. †(a) a marmot (obsolete); (b) North American the bushy-tailed woodrat, Neotoma cinerea, of western North America.
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the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Marmota > marmota marmota (marmot)
mouse of the mountain?1583
mountain-mouse1599
marmottane1601
Alpine mouse1607
marmot1607
mountain rat1659
Alpine marmot1771
1659 J. Howell Particular Vocab. §iii, in Lex. Tetraglotton (1660) A marmot, or mountain Ratt.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Rat Mountain-rat, the English name of a creature, otherwise called the Marmotte.
1884 M. G. C. Hall Lady's Life on Farm in Manitoba 153 Chipmunks and mountain rats disturbed our slumbers.
1927 C. M. Russell Trails plowed Under 10 The floor's strewn with pine cones..showin' it's been the home of mountain-rats an' squirrels.
1995 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) (Nexis) 26 Feb. 63 a One day he complained loudly that not even the mountain rats would eat the white flour being sold by town grocers.
mountain reedbuck n. a small reedbuck, Redunca fulvorufula, of mountain grasslands in southern, eastern and central Africa.
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a1938 in Jrnl. Ecol. 30 (1942) 117 The highland pasture is favoured by zebra, roan, eland, hartebeest and the mountain reedbuck.
1953 J. R. Ellerman et al. S. Afr. Mammals 191 Mountain reedbuck. Rooiribbok. Distribution: the mountains of Basutoland.., the Orange Free State, Transvaal, Griquland West and Zululand.
1984 D. Macdonald Encycl. Mammals II. 560 Adapted to a poor quality, fibrous diet, the diminutive Mountain reedbuck is particularly sedentary.
mountain ringlet n. a brown satyrid butterfly, Erebia epiphron, found in mountainous areas of Europe.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Satyridae > genus Erebia > erebia epiphron (mountain ringlet)
mountain ringlet1859
1859 F. W. Farrar Julian Home xvi. 208 With all the ardour of a young entomologist in full chase of a little mountain-ringlet.
1945 E. B. Ford Butterflies xiii. 288 The Mountain Ringlet, Erebia epiphron, cannot live in England at an altitude of less than 1800 feet, but in Scotland it is able to descend to about 1500 feet.
1995 Stornoway Gaz. 13 July 8/6 Searches for the Mountain Ringlet Erebia epiphron in the high hills over the past decade or so have been unsuccessful.
mountain shrimp n. a small freshwater crustacean, Anaspides tasmaniae, found in mountain waters of Tasmania.
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1909 G. Smith Naturalist in Tasmania 80 The remarkable mountain shrimp of Tasmania (Anaspides tasmaniae)..is found at a high elevation on Mountain Wellington and in the clear tarns upon Mount Field.
1941 C. Barrett Australia 73 Streams that rise in the plateau of Hobart's mountain are famous for their shrimps! Their proper name is Anaspides; but Tasmanians call them mountain-shrimps.
1992 Pract. Fishkeeping (BNC) Sept. 51 I have..1 Albino clawed Frog, 1 African Knifefish, 1 Mountain Shrimp, and a collection of plants.
mountain sparrow n. [after post-classical Latin passer montanus (U. Aldrovandi Ornithologia (1603))] (a) the tree sparrow, Passer montanus (now rare); (b) North American a white-crowned sparrow of the subspecies Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha (family Emberizidae), of the high Sierras and Rocky Mountains.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > genus Passer > passer montanus (tree sparrow)
mountain sparrow1668
tree sparrow1770
tree-finch1783
1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. ii. v. 150 Mountain Sparrow.
1771 Encycl. Brit. II. 634/1 This is the mountain-sparrow of Ray, and is a bird of Europe.
1875 A. R. Wallace in Encycl. Brit. I. 84/2 The mountain sparrow (Passer montana) is abundant in Java and Singapore.
1894 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. III 600 Mountain-Sparrow [is] the Tree-Sparrow.
† mountain spink n. Obsolete rare = mountain finch n.
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > family Ploceidae > [noun] > subfamily Ploceinae (weaver) > other or unspecified types of
mountain spink1611
ring sparrow1678
oxbird1738
fody1792
mountain finch1800
fox-sparrow1869
grasshopper sparrow1883
quelea1930
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Passe de bois, the little brambling, or mountaine Spinke.
mountain thrush n. (a) any of several Old World ground thrushes of the genus Zoothera, spec. (Australian) the Bassian or scaly thrush, Z. lunulata (formerly in Z. dauma); †(b) Scottish = mountain blackbird n. (obsolete).
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the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > family Muscicapidae (thrushes, etc.) > subfamily Turdinae > [noun] > unspecified and miscellaneous
bough thrush1669
rock thrush1781
locust eater1790
kick-up1847
solitaire1847
mountain thrush1848
scrub-robin1848
thrush-tit1889
akalat1902
1848 J. Gould Birds Austral. IV. pl. 7 Oreocincla lunulata, Mountain Thrush,..Colonists of Van Diemen's Land.
1861 H. W. Wheelwright Bush Wanderings of Naturalist 138 The Mountain Thrush of Australia is identical with ‘White's thrush’ of Britain.
1878 Zoologist 2 427/1 Ring Ouzel. Mountain Thrush.
1885 C. Swainson Provinc. Names Brit. Birds 8 Names given to it [sc. the ring ouzel] from the nature of its favourite haunts... Mountain thrush (Kircudbright).
1929 A. H. Chisholm Birds & Green Places 28 I think now of the ground-thrush, termed also mountain-thrush and fern-thrush.
1959 V. Palmer Big Fellow 117 Flocks of silver-eyes kept up a lively chirruping in a nearby cedar, and a couple of mountain-thrushes fluttered down.
1973 S. Ali & S. D. Ripley Handbk. Birds India & Pakistan IX. 95 Longtailed Mountain Thrush. Zoothera dixoni.
mountain tortoise n. a tortoise inhabiting mountainous country; spec. the leopard tortoise, Geochelone pardalis, found throughout the African savannah.
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the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > suborder Cryptodira > family Testudinae > geochelone pardalis (mountain tortoise)
mountain tortoise1879
leopard-tortoise1880
1879 J. Stainer Music of Bible 2 The god..found a mountain tortoise grazing near his grotto.
1958 L. van der Post Lost World of Kalahari i. 26 For the equivalent of cello and bass violin he used the shell of our big dark mountain tortoises.
1971 D. J. Potgieter et al. Animal Life S. Afr. 303/2 Mountain or leopard tortoise..is a widely distributed species, extending from the Sudan and Ethiopia in the north to the Cape in the south.
1993 S. Afr. Jrnl. Wildlife Res. 23 63/1 The mountain tortoise Geochelone pardalis..occurs from sea level to at least 2000m.
mountain vole n. (a) any of several North American voles of the genus Microtus; esp. the montane vole, M. montanus, of the Great Basin area of the western United States; (b) (in full high mountain vole) any of several central Asian voles of the genus Alticola.
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1890 C. H. Merriam in N. Amer. Fauna 3 67 Arvicola alticolus sp. nov. Mountain Vole.
1952 W. H. Burt Field Guide Mammals 127 Mountain Vole Microtus montanus... Found primarily in the valleys of the mountainous Great Basin area.
1980 G. B. Corbet & J. E. Hill World List Mammalian Species 160 Alticola; mountain voles; C Asia.
1991 R. M. Nowak Walker's Mammals of World (ed. 5) II. 741/2 Female high mountain voles have eight mammae.
† mountain white n. Obsolete rare (in full mountain white butterfly) the peak white, Pontia callidice (or occidentalis).
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Pieridae > genus Pieris > pieris callidice (mountain white butterfly)
mountain white butterfly1882
1882 W. F. Kirby European Butterflies & Moths (1903) Pl. iii Pieris Callidice..Mountain White Butterfly.
mountain witch n. Jamaican a Jamaican quail-dove, Geotrygon versicolor, which has predominantly purplish-brown and grey plumage and inhabits montane forests.
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the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Columbiformes (pigeons, etc.) > [noun] > family Columbidae > miscellaneous types of
nutmeg pigeon1783
blue pigeon1790
Namaqua dove1801
mountain witch1823
partridge pigeon1823
imperial pigeon1830
toy1831
porcelain1855
toothbill1862
fruit-pigeon1865
orange dove1875
tambourine pigeon1891
topknot pigeon1891
cinnamon dove1895
partridge1936
1823 J. Stewart Past & Present State Island Jamaica 78 Solitary birds..the white-belly or white-breast, the mountain-witch, the partridge pigeon.
1847 P. H. Gosse & R. Hill Birds of Jamaica 318 These moans, heard..while the bird is rarely seen, have..given it the name of Mountain Witch.
1955 Lady Taylor Introd. Birds Jamaica 93 The Mountain Witch..occurs only in Jamaica... The first sight of it is usually on a forest path.
mountain zebra n. any zebra occurring in mountainous country; spec. the relatively small Equus zebra, which has transverse stripes across the back and is found (now rarely) on the mountain grasslands of South West Africa.
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1844 J. Backhouse Narr. Visit Mauritius & S. Afr. 572 The Mountain Zebra, Equus Zebra, called Wilde Ezel or Wild Ass, is abundant here.
1897 H. A. Bryden Nature & Sport 96 Here, upon inaccessible cliffs, and rugged hills, still finds shelter that rare beast, the true or mountain zebra, an animal now becoming very scarce.
1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. vi. 51 The Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra) is the smallest of the group of hippotigrine equines, standing some 4 feet at the shoulder.
1993 BBC Wildlife June 14/1 Since 1950, the Namibian population of Hartmann's mountain zebra E. zebra hartmannae has declined from 50,000 to 7,150, and the Cape mountain zebra E. z. zebra..still numbers only 560.
d. In the names of plants, their fruits, etc., growing in mountainous regions.
mountain arnica n. mountain tobacco, Arnica montana.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > arnica
arnica1753
leopard's bane1822
mountain tobacco1846
mountain arnica1861
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 580 Mountain Arnica..or Leopard's-bane is an acrid stimulant.
1991 Utne Reader July 119/2 (advt.) A clean, fresh gel with no locker room odor, Arniflora contains Mountain Arnica, an official homeopathic medicine used by athletic coaches for decades.
mountain avens n. any of the procumbent arctic-alpine plants constituting the genus Dryas (family Rosaceae); esp. D. octopetala, with white flowers and glossy leaves.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > rosaceous plants > [noun] > avens or herb bennet
avensc1250
herb benneta1475
geum1548
mountain avens1648
throat root1785
dryas1798
clove-root1866
1648 J. Bobart Eng. Catal. at Avens, in Catalogus Plantarum Horti Medici Oxoniensis Mountaine Avens, Cariophylata montana.
1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica I. 275 [Dryas octopetala] The Dryas, or Mountain Avens. Anglis.
1863 S. Baring-Gould Iceland 190 The pale mountain avens with its sunny heart.
1993 Kanawa Mag. (London, Ont.) Summer 5/1 The white of mountain avens blended strikingly with the purple of lapland rosebay and the yellow cinquefoil.
mountain balsam n. U.S. †(a) a yerba santa, Eriodictyon californicum (family Hydrophyllaceae); cf. mountain balm n. 3 (obsolete); (b) the Alpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa; (also) the Fraser fir, A. fraseri.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > fir-tree
spurch1295
firc1381
fir-treea1382
mast tree1597
white fir1605
Scotch fir1673
silver fir1707
Scotchman1807
fir balsam1810
Alpine fir1819
deal treea1825
pinsapo1839
fir-pine1843
red fir1852
grand fir1874
mountain balsam1878
Shasta fir1897
Santa Lucia fir1905
1875 Amer. Naturalist 9 204 My attention was particularly directed to the two species of Rocky mountain balsam, Abies grandis Lindl., and Abies concolor Engel. ined.]
1878 Bot. Gaz. 3 86 One of the newest of the vegetable drugs is obtained from the Yerba santa, a shrub known also as gum-weed, mountain balsam, wild peach, and bears' weed.
1897 G. B. Sudworth Nomencl. Arborescent Flora U.S. 53 Abies lasiocarpa... Mountain balsam.
1916 G. B. Sudworth Spruce & Balsam fir Trees 24 Woodsmen and settlers usually call it [sc. the alpine fir] ‘balsam’ or ‘mountain balsam’.
1937 L. Thornburgh Great Smoky Mountains 132 The mountain balsam [sc. the Fraser fir] we call ‘she-balsam’.
mountain bay n. rare the Franklin tree, Franklinia alatamaha (family Theaceae), a small ornamental tree formerly found in Georgia, United States, but now extinct in the wild.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Mountain bay, a small ornamental deciduous tree (Gordonia pubescens) of Georgia and Florida,..a congener of the loblolly-bay.
mountain bell n. (a) an alpine campanula (not identified) (rare); (b) Australian any of several West Australian shrubs of the genus Darwinia (family Myrtaceae), with bell-shaped flowers.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > bellflowers
bell-flower1578
bluebell1578
Canterbury bells1578
Coventry bells1578
Coventry Marians1578
Coventry rapes1578
fair-in-sight1578
gauntlet1578
haskwort1578
Marian's violet1578
throatwort1578
lady's looking glass1597
mariet1597
Mercury's violet1597
peach-bells1597
steeple bells1597
uvula-wort1597
Venus looking-glass1597
campanula1664
Spanish bell1664
corn-violet1665
rampion1688
Venus' glass1728
harebell1767
heath-bell1805
witch bell1808
slipperwort1813
meadow-bell1827
greygle1844
platycodon1844
lady's thimble1853
kikyo1884
witches' bells1884
balloon flower1901
fairy thimble1914
mountain bell1923
1923 D. H. Lawrence Ladybird: Fox: Captain's Doll 227 Sometimes the hairy mountain-bell, pale-blue and bristling, stood alone.
1966 Times 11 Nov. (W. Austral. Suppl.) p. iv/2 The lovely qualup and mountain bells; the hoveas, the myrtles.
1989 L. Cronin Conc. Austral. Flora 26 Darwinia collina Yellow Mountain Bell. Bushy shrub to 1.5 m high.
† mountain bindweed n. Obsolete rare any of the small perennial alpine plants constituting the genus Soldanella (family Primulaceae).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > allied flowers
bear's ear sanicle1597
French cowslip1597
mountain bindweed1597
blue moonwort1629
soldanella1629
chickweed wintergreen1640
primrose1688
Meadia1744
American cowslip1866
wood pimpernel1866
soldanelle1886
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 690 Soldanella or mountaine Bindweed, hath many round leaues spred vpon the ground.
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 43 The leaves of the mountaine bind-weed ap. to the navill draw out hydropick water.
mountain birch n. a birch ( Betula species) growing in mountainous country; (North American) sweet birch, B. lenta, or western birch, B. occidentalis; cf. mountain mahogany n. (a).
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1826 R. Mills Statistics S. Carolina 656 Mountain birch... This tree must possess some medical properties; the bark has a smell resembling camphor.
1908 G. B. Sudworth Forest Trees Pacific Slope 260 Mountain birch is a slender, graceful tree or tall shrub, long known as Betula occidentalis.
1940 W. N. Clute Amer. Plant Names (ed. 3) 253 Betula lenta. Mountain birch.
1989 Memoranda Soc. Fauna et Flora Fennica 65 70/1 The mountain birch has two main growth forms, one monocormic and one polycormic.
† mountain bramble n. Obsolete (a) the cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus; (b) the American raspberry, R. idaeus var. strigosus (rare).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > cloudberry or salmon berry bush
cloudberry1597
knotberry1633
mountain bramble1728
baked apple1750
averin1768
noop1817
Scotch cap1828
salmon berry1844
queen's berry1854
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Rubus montanus odoratus, Sweet Mountain Bramble, or Raspis.
1811 D. Hosack Hortus Elginensis (ed. 2) 49 Rubus strigosus Mich., Bramble, mountain.
1818 W. Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 6) III. 625 Rubus Chamæmorus... Cloud-berry, Mountain Bramble, Knot-berries.
1853 A. B. Strong Amer. Flora I. 19 Rubus chamaemorus, Mountain Bramble. This is a creeping plant, only rising from six to eight inches in height... From their exalted situation, they are sometimes called cloud berries.
mountain cabbage n. any tropical American cabbage palm (also mountain cabbage palm, mountain cabbage tree); (also) the edible bud of such a palm.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > areca palms
areca1588
faufel1594
drunken date1597
pinang1606
cabbage tree1661
betel-tree1681
mountain cabbage1681
cabbage palm1770
cabbage palmetto1802
betel palm1861
catechu palm1866
supari1904
1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis ii. i. §1. 181 Part of the Trunk of a young Mountain Cabbige.
?1740 Importance Jamaica to Great-Brit. 54 The Cabbage Trees are of two sorts; the Mountain Cabbage Tree grows very high [etc.].
1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam II. xvi. 23 A tree called the mountain-cabbage-tree, which is one of the palm species.
1852 C. W. Day Five Years Resid. W. Indies I. 199 We had a novelty at dinner, a mountain cabbage, so generally and so justly esteemed.
1913 W. Harris Fruits & Veg. Jamaica 26 Cabbage, Mountain,..the mountain cabbage palm is a native of Jamaica and the West Indies generally.
1996 M. Pendergast in D. C. Starzecka Maori Art & Culture v. 118 The related mountain cabbage tree, tōi (Cordyline indivisa), provides a very strong fibre.
† mountain calamint n. Obsolete = calamint n.; cf. mountain mint n. 1.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > wild basil
calamint1322
mountain calamint1449
horse-thyme1548
corn-mint1551
wild pennyroyal1552
basil1578
fish-basil1597
mountain mint1597
stone basil1597
nep1614
nepitella1926
J. Metham Amoryus & Cleopes (1916) 1325 Modyrwort, rwe, redmalwys, and calamynt mownteyn.
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 70 The Mountain calamint is hot, biting, and of a thin substance.
mountain cassidony n. see cassidony n.2 2.
mountain-cedar n. U.S. any of several junipers (genus Juniperus); esp. J. ashei.
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1882 Bot. Gaz. 7 48 The sides..of this great bluff are covered with a thick growth of mountain cedar (Juniperus occidentalis var. conjugens), [etc.].
1945 R. P. Wodehouse Hayfever Plants 27 The most important in hayfever is the mountain cedar, Mexican cedar or rock cedar.
1993 Flora N. Amer. II. 418/2 Juniperus ashei... Ashe juniper, mountain-cedar. Trees dioecious, to 15 m.
mountain cherry n. U.S. any of several wild cherry trees ( Prunus species) (also mountain cherry tree); (also) the fruit of any of these trees.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > cherry > types of cherry
black cherry1530
geana1533
Plinian1577
mazzard1578
mazardc1595
merry1595
Flanders cherry1597
heart cherry1599
cherrylet1605
agriot1611
morel1611
cœur-cherry1626
bigarreau1629
May-cherry1629
morello1629
urinal cherry1629
white-heart cherry1629
duracine1655
heart1658
black heart1664
carnation1664
duke1664
honey cherrya1671
nonsuch1674
merise1675
red-hearta1678
prince royal1686
lukeward1707
white-heart1707
May duke1718
Royal Ann1724
ox-heart1731
ratafia1777
choke-cherry1785
mountain cherry1811
rum cherry1818
sour cherry1884
Napoleon1886
Napoleon cherry1933
1754 Philos. Trans. 1753 (Royal Soc.) 48 149 The Russians..infuse them..in warm water, to which they add the berries of the mountain dwarf-cherry..to promote fermentation. [Note] Chamæcerasus montana fructu singulari cœruleo.]
1811 Statist. Acct. Towns & Parishes (Connecticut Acad. Arts & Sci.) I. 33 Prunus montana... Mountain Cherry Tree.
1871 Harper's Mag. Oct. 707 We must..gather mountain cherries (Prunus cerasus).
1923 M. Barbeau Indian Days in Canad. Rockies v. 150 Mountain cherries..which they dried into cakes.
1976 F. H. Elmore Shrubs & Trees Southwest Uplands 143 Mountain cherry... Prunus emarginata... Mostly it tends to be shrubby, forming thickets.
mountain chestnut oak n. a North American oak, Quercus prinus, with leaves resembling those of the chestnut.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks
red oakOE
cerre-tree1577
gall-tree1597
robur1601
kermes1605
live oak1610
white oak1610
royal oak1616
swamp-oak1683
grey oak1697
rock oak1699
chestnut oak1703
water oak1709
Spanish oak1716
turkey-oak1717
willow oak1717
iron oak1724
maiden oak1725
scarlet oak1738
black jack1765
post oak1775
durmast1791
mountain chestnut oak1801
quercitron oak1803
laurel oak1810
mossy-cup oak1810
rock chestnut oak1810
pin oak1812
overcup oak1814
overcup white oak1814
bur oak1815
jack oak1816
mountain oak1818
shingle-oak1818
gall-oak1835
peach oak1835
golden oak1838
weeping oak1838
Aleppo oak1845
Italian oak1858
dyer's oak1861
Gambel's Oak1878
maul oak1884
punk oak1884
sessile oak1906
Garry oak1908
roble1908
1801 A. Michaux Histoire des Chênes de l'Amérique sig. 6v Mountain Chesnut Oak.
1821 T. Nuttall Jrnl. Trav. Arkansa Territory i. 42 Much of the Quercus Prima monticola (or mountain chestnut oak) presents itself on the mountain.
1973 M. E. Wharton & R. W. Barbour Trees & Shrubs of Kentucky 448 Quercus montana... Mountain Chestnut Oak.—Tree up to a height of 70 feet.
† mountain chickweed n. Obsolete spring sandwort, Minuartia verna (family Caryophyllaceae), a small plant of dry alkaline soils.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > sandwort
sandwort1597
sea pimpernel1633
mountain chickweed1659
sea spurrey1762
sea-chickweed1786
arenariaa1806
sand-weed1849
sea-sandwort1850
sea spurrey sandwort1853
mountain sandwort1884
sand flower1916
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 92 The mountaine [chick-weed]. K[inds] as the ivy and rocky [chick-weeds].
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Alsine Alsine Alpina glabra, smooth-leaf'd Mountain Chickweed.
1778 T. Pennant Tour in Wales I. 19 The arenaria saxatilis, or mountain chickweed.
mountain cinnamon n. see cinnamon n. 2.
mountain clover n. any of various clovers ( Trifolium species) that grow in mountainous areas.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > clover or trefoil
white clovereOE
cloverc1000
hare-foota1300
clerewort?a1400
clover-grassa1400
three-leaved grass14..
trefoilc1400
sucklingc1440
four-leaved grassc1450
trefle1510
Trifolium?1541
trinity grass1545
Dutch1548
lote1548
hare's-foot1562
lotus1562
triple grass1562
blain-grass1570
meadow trefoil1578
purple grass1597
purplewort1597
satin flower1597
cithyse1620
true-love grass?a1629
garden balsam1633
hop-clover1679
Burgundian hay1712
strawberry trefoil1731
honeysuckle trefoil1735
red clover1764
buffalo-clover1767
marl-grass1776
purple trefoil1785
white trefoil1785
yellow trefoil1785
sulla1787
cow-grass1789
strawberry-bearing trefoil1796
zigzag trefoil1796
rabbit's foot1817
lotus grass1820
strawberry-headed trefoil1822
mountain liquorice1836
hop-trefoil1855
clustered clover1858
alsike1881
mountain clover1882
knop1897
Swedish clover1908
sub clover1920
four-leaf clover1927
suckle-
1882 W. F. Kirby European Butterflies & Moths (1903) Pl. xxii Plants... Mountain Clover.
1957 E. Dahlberg Sorrows of Priapus viii. 74 The Indian hedonist [sic] slew people..and poured forth their blood as if they were drawing out the odor of mountain clover.
1970 D. S. Correll et al. Man. Vascular Plants Texas 808 Mountain clover... Davis Mts. at about 4,000–6,000 ft. elev., summer; Rocky Mts. and s. in the mts... T. Wormskjoldii.
† mountain coralline n. Obsolete an upland lichen with a branching thallus, perhaps reindeer moss, Cladonia rangiferina, or a species of Sphaerophorus.
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the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > other mosses
golden maidenhair1578
polytrichon1578
bryon1597
maidenhair moss1597
mountain coralline1598
chalice-moss1610
purple bottle1650
water moss1663
fern-moss1698
hypnum1753
Mnium1754
rock tripe1763
feather-moss1776
scaly water-moss1796
screw moss1804
hog-bed1816
fringe-moss1818
caribou moss1831
apple moss1841
bristle-moss1844
scale-moss1846
anophyte1850
robin's rye1854
wall moss1855
fork-moss1860
thread-moss1864
lattice moss1868
robin-wheat1886
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Also Corall or mountain coralline.
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) iii. clxv. 1572 (caption) Corall Mosse, or mountaine Coralline.
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 311 Mountaine coralline, and the rocky corall-like.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Heath-moss The alpine coralline-like Coralloides. This is called, by some, mountain Coralline.
† mountain cowslip n. Obsolete the auricula, Primula auricula, native to the Alps.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > primrose and allied flowers > primrose or auricula
primrosea1425
primula1526
petty mullein1578
bear's ear1597
bear's ear sanicle1597
bird's eye1597
mountain cowslip1597
rock rose1597
French cowslip1629
auricula1655
polyanthusa1678
polyanth1757
Scotch primrose1777
plumrose1787
plumrock1789
bird's eye primrose1796
Chinese primrose1825
dusty miller1825
Jack-in-the-box1850
Jack in the green1875
polyanthus primrose1882
boar's-ears-
1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 640 There be diuers sorts of Mountaine Cowslips, or Beares eares.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Leaf They are rolled up,..as the Leaves of the Mountain Cowslip.
1824 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening (ed. 2) 846 It [sc. the auricula] was cultivated by Gerrard in 1597, under the name of bear's ears, or mountain cowslips.
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 156 Mountain Cowslip, Primula auricula.
mountain cranberry n. U.S. either of two dwarf shrubs of the genus Vaccinium, the lingonberry, V. vitis-idaea subsp. minus, of north-western North America, and V. erythocarpum, of the southern United States; (also) the fruit of either of these plants.
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1843 J. Hayward Gazetteer U.S. 28 In autumn, the whole surface of the island [sc. Cross Island] is red with mountain cranberries.
1892 B. Torrey Foot-path Way 72 Broad patches of bearberry showing at a little distance like patches of mountain cranberry.
1943 Sun (Baltimore) 11 June 13/1 But there are a lot of other things to eat in the Arctic... Mountain cranberries and blue-berries for instance.
1997 Cosmopolitan (U.K. ed.) May 64/1 (advt.) The key ingredient is Arbutin. Found in mountain cranberries, it works to inhibit the production of melanin in your skin.
† mountain crowder n. U.S. Obsolete a variety of pea.
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1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 138 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI Peas are cultivated for the table, market, stock... The ‘mountain crowder’ and ‘black-eyed’ are the most common varieties.
1855 H. Davis Farm Bk. 188 The peas here are the Mountain crowder—2d the white crowder and then the gray crowder.
mountain cumin n. see cumin n. 2.
mountain currant n. any of several currants ( Ribes species) growing in upland areas; esp. (a) North American (now rare), the fetid or skunk currant, R. glandulosum (formerly R. prostratum); (b) the plant R. alpinum, widespread in Europe.
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1814 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis 90 Ribes rigens..Mountain Currant... The berries, when bruised, have the odor of Ictodes foetidus [sc. skunk cabbage].
1861 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. (rev. ed.) 361 Mountain Currant... Fl[owers] marked with purple. Berries rather large.
1933 J. K. Small Man. Southeastern Flora 602 R. glandulosum..Mountain-currant... Deep woods, Blue Ridge and more N provinces.
1995 C. Grey-Wilson & M. Blamey Alpine Flowers Brit. & Europe (ed. 2) 100 Mountain Currant Ribes alpinum. Bush to 2m... Open woods and rocky places, usually on limestone, to 1900m.
mountain damson n. either of two Caribbean and tropical American trees of the genus Quassia (family Simarubaceae), Q. amara and Q. simarouba.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > quassias
simarouba1746
mountain damson1778
quassia1778
cedron1882
1778 in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1790) 2 76 Quassia Simaruba... This tree is known in Jamaica by the names of Mountain Damson, Bitter Damson and Stave-wood.
1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 319 The Simaruba quassia, or mountain damson, as it is called in Jamaica.
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 785 Mountain-damson, Simaruba amara.
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal II. 741 Simaruba Amara... Synonyms. Dysentery Bark. Mountain Damson. Bitter Damson.
mountain dock n. †(a) = mountain sorrel n. (obsolete); (b) U.S. the western bistort, Persicaria bistorta (family Polygonaceae), of the western United States, with rounded whitish flower heads and slender leaves.
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1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 357 Rumex digynus,..Mountain Dock. Welsh Sorrel.
1934 L. L. Haskin Wild Flowers Pacific Coast 84 Mountain Dock—Polygonum bistortoides... The stems of the mountain dock are slender and almost grass-like.
1956 H. St. John Flora S.E. Washington 121 Polygonum bistortoides... This is the beautiful Mountain dock of the alpine meadows of the Cascade Mountains.
mountain dropwort n. see dropwort n. 1.
mountain ebony n. any of several trees of the genus Bauhinia (family Caesalpiniaceae ( Leguminosae)), esp. the Asian B. variegata and the Australian B. hookeri (also mountain ebony tree); (also) the dark, hard wood of any of these trees.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > tropical
mountain ebony1696
pigeon wood?1740
beef-wood1756
zebrawood1768
satinwood1773
afzelia1798
1696 H. Sloane Catal. Plantarum in Jamaica 150 Mountain ebony.
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 287 Bauhinia... Mountain Ebeny.
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 134/1 Both [Bauhinia Carronii and B. Hookeri] are called Queensland or Mountain Ebony.
1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 367 Several of the principal thoroughfares are bordered with mountain-ebony trees.
1994 M. Griffiths Index Garden Plants 130/2 B[auhinia] variegata L. Orchid tree; mountain ebony.
mountain everlasting n. an everlasting (everlasting n. 2) native to mountainous regions of northern Europe, northern Asia, and Alaska, Antennaria dioica, having a basal rosette of hairy silver-green leaves and corymbs of tiny white or pink flowers.Also called cat's-foot.
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1789 W. Aiton Hortus Kewensis III. 178 Mountain Everlasting, or Cudweed.
1869 H. Macmillan Holidays High Lands i. 15 The common cat's-paw or mountain everlasting (Antennaria dioica) whose dry white or pink flowers and downy leaves cover our moorlands in myriads.
1961 Country Life 23 Feb. 399/1 Here and there a mountain everlasting; the first flowers of moss-campion below 4,000 feet.
2016 M. Scott Mountain Flowers viii. 160 (caption) The hairy stem of Mountain Everlasting is rarely more than 10cm tall.
mountain fern n. a fern growing in mountainous country; spec. (also more fully sweet mountain fern) the lemon-scented fern, Oreopteris limbosperma, of mountain pastures in the northern hemisphere.
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the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns
mountain parsley1578
female fern1597
rock parsley1597
spleenwort1597
marsh fern1686
prickly fern1764
parsley fern1777
sensitive fern1780
lady fern1783
stone-brake1796
mountain fern1800
rock brake1802
walking leaf1811
todea1813
shield-fern1814
Woodsia1815
mangemange1817
cinnamon fern1818
climbing fern1818
bladder-fern1828
king fern1829
filmy fern1830
ostrich fern1833
New York fern1843
mokimoki1844
rhizocarp1852
film-fern1855
nardoo1860
gymnogram1861
holly-fern1861
limestone-polypody1861
elk-horn1865
Gleichenia1865
lizard's herb1866
cliff brake1867
kidney fern1867
Christmas fern1873
Prince of Wales feathers1873
Christmas shield fern1878
buckler-fern1882
crape-fern1882
stag-horn1882
ladder fern1884
oleander fern1884
stag fern1884
resam1889
lip-fern1890
coral-fern1898
bamboo fern1930
pteroid1949
fern-gale-
1800 W. Wordsworth in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads II. 2 The dogs are stretch'd among the mountain fern.
1840 E. Newman Hist. Brit. Ferns 47 (heading) Mountain fern.
1879–81 J. Britten European Ferns 151 The Mountain Fern, as L[astrea] Oreopteris is sometimes called,..is well worthy of cultivation.
1910 New Phytologist 9 129 In the west and north of England, several other ferns are abundant... These include..the sweet mountain fern (L[astræa] montana=L. Oreopteris).
1960 P. Taylor Brit. Ferns & Mosses 155 The Mountain Fern is widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere.
mountain flower n. (a) a flower growing in mountainous country; †(b) English regional (Northumberland), the wood cranesbill, Geranium sylvaticum (obsolete).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > geranium and allied flowers > allied flowers
herb Roberta1300
stick pile?a1450
culverfootc1450
devil's needlea1500
crane's-bill1548
dove's-foot1548
geranium1548
shepherd's needle1562
bloodroot1578
Gratia Dei1578
sanguine root1578
pigeon's-foot1597
Roman cranesbill1648
robin1694
redshanka1722
musk1728
ragged Robert1734
pigeon-foot1736
rose geranium1773
mountain flowera1787
wood cranesbill1796
peppermint-scented geranium1823
stork's bill1824
wild geranium1840
musk geranium1845
pin grass1847
Robert1847
stinking crane's bill1857
mourning widow1866
pinweed1876
ivy-leaved pelargonium1887
ivy-geranium1894
regal1894
peppermint geranium1922
a1787 S. Jenyns Wks. (1790) 202 The mountain flower there shakes its milk-white head.
1815 E. B. Norton Alcon Malanzore iii. 82 A lonely Child, That gathers, ere it fades, the mountain-flower!
1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 48 Geranium sylvaticum. The King's-Hood: Mountain-Flower.
1997 B. Morrow Giovanni's Gift i. 44 Meadows paved by thick grasses and decorated with mountain flowers, columbine and tiny rock-blossoms.
mountain fringe n. U.S. the Allegheny vine, Adlumia fungosa (family Fumariaceae), a biennial North American climbing plant with fern-like leaves; also called climbing fumitory.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > other climbing or creeping plants
madwort1760
mountain fringe1845
velvet-bean1898
1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. ii. 35 A. cirrhosa... Mountain Fringe.
a1871 P. Cary in A. Cary & P. Cary Poet. Wks. (1877) 285/1 The hidden nook where Nature set..the mountain-fringe in hollows wet.
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 27/2 [Adlumia] fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex BSP. Climbing Fumitory, Mountain-fringe, Alleghany Vine.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 7 Mountain Fringe. Alleghany Vine. This is an unusual and most attractive plant found in moist woods and thickets in North America.
mountain grape n. (a) any of several tropical American trees having grape-like fruits; esp. any tree of the genus Coccoloba (family Polygonaceae) (also mountain grape tree) (now rare); (b) U.S. either of two vines ( Vitis species) native to the south-western United States, V. monticola and V. rupestris.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > South American and West Indian trees or shrubs > [noun] > grape-tree
seaside grape1696
grape-tree1697
mountain grape1756
sea-grape1806
shore-grape1871
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 210 Coccolobis 4... The Mountain Grape-Tree.
1830 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. II. 130 V[itis] montana... Mountain Grape... Flowers hardly odorous, fruit hardly good.
1914 W. Fawcett & A. B. Rendle Flora Jamaica III. 113 C[occolaba] Plumierii... Mountain Grape.
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 1163/1 [Vitis] rupestris Scheele. Sand Grape,..Mountain Grape, Rock Grape.
1996 J. Hegland Into Forest (1997) 175 For months now we have drunk hot water when we could have been drinking wild mint, wild rose, blackberry, bay, mountain grape, [etc.].
mountain grass n. [compare classical Latin montānum grāmen] a grass growing in mountainous country; esp. blue moor grass, Sesleria caerulea, and purple moor grass, Molinia caerulea.
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1676 N. Lee Sophonisba i. i. 5 You look like wither'd Flowers, or Mountain grass.
1831 P. Sellar County of Sutherland 80 in Farm-rep. The sweetest of the mountain-grass.
1957 E. E. Evans Irish Folk Ways (1967) iv. 56 I have seen heather used [for thatching] in north Donegal, and in other areas..rushes and ‘mountain grass’ (probably Molinea [sic]).
1961 R. W. Butcher New Illustr. Brit. Flora II. 961 Sesleria cærulea... The Blue Mountain Grass is a small, tufted perennial with sub-erect stems.
1989 J. Hobbs Thoughts in Makeshift Mortuary 251 The straw flowers that star the mountain grass in summer.
mountain groundsel n. rare the heath groundsel, Senecio sylvaticus, of Europe.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > ragwort
groundsela700
ragwortc1300
bunweeda1525
senecio1562
St. James's wort1578
rugwort1592
felon-weed1597
staggerwort1597
staverwort1597
yellow-weed1597
ragweed1610
swine's grassa1697
hogs madder1707
sea-ragwort1736
dog standard1767
Jacobaea1789
swinecress1803
benweed1823
fly-dod1826
mountain groundsel1830
cushag1843
fairies' horse1866
Oxford ragwort1884
1830 W. Macgillivray Withering's Brit. Plants (1837) 319 S[enecio] Sylvaticus. Mountain Groundsel.
1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 221/2 Senecio sylvaticus and S. viscosus are known respectively as mountain groundsel and stinking groundsel.
mountain guava n. any wild guava that grows typically in hilly or mountainous country, esp. Psidium montanum of the Caribbean.
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?1740 Importance Jamaica to Great-Brit. 53 There is also a Mountain Guaver Tree, which bears a fruit, tho' not eat by Man or Beast, but is esteem'd an Everlasting in Buildings.
1756 P. Browne Civil & Nat. Hist. Jamaica ii. ii. 239 The Mountain Guava. This is one of the largest trees in the woods of Jamaica.
1886 E. D. M. Hooper Rep. Forests of Jamaica 28 Mountain Guava... Not a very common timber tree and useful only for gun-stocks.
1941 C. Swabey Principal Timbers Jamaica 26 Mountain guava—Psidium montanum Sw. Myrtaceæ. A very tall tree up to 100 ft with a girth of about 7 ft.
1974 E. L. Little et al. Trees of Puerto Rico & Virgin Is. II. 692 Mountain guava. Psidium amplexicaule Pers. Mountain guava is a wild relative of..common guava (Psidium guajava L.).
1994 M. Griffiths Index Garden Plants 948/2 P. montanum Sw., Mountain guava; spice guava.
mountain gum n. see gum n.2 5a.
mountain heartsease n. see heartsease n. 2a.
mountain heath n. any of the small heath-like shrubs that constitute the genus Phyllodoce (family Ericaceae), of arctic and alpine zones of the northern hemisphere.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > non-British shrubs > [noun] > North-American
wild tea1728
bastard indigo1730
mountain heath1731
groundsel-tree1736
amorpha1751
buttonbush1754
moosewood1778
pipestem wood1791
modesty1809
sand myrtle1814
wicopy1823
lead-plant1833
false indigo1841
sleek-leaf1845
arrow weed1848
rabbit bush1852
ribbonwood1860
rabbit brush1877
sea myrtle1883
pencil tree1884
tar-bush1884
ocean spray1906
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Saxifraga Saxifraga; Alpina ericoides, flore cæruleo. Tourn. Mountain Heath-like Sengreen with a blue flower.
1845 A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. ii. 232 M. cœrulea,... Mountain Heath.
1931 U.S. Dept. Agric. Misc. Publ. No. 101. 132 The mountain heaths..resemble heaths (Erica spp.).
1972 L. A. Viereck & E. L. Little Alaska Trees & Shrubs 217 Aleutian mountain-heath can commonly be found blooming..in protected depressions and adjacent to snow fields in the mountains.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 187 Blue Mountain Heath. A, or perhaps even, the, precious treasure of the Sow of Atholl in Perthshire, the only place in the British Isles where this rare gem can be found.
mountain heather n. (a) the common heather, Calluna vulgaris, which often grows in mountainous country (frequently poetic); (b) U.S. any of various small shrubs of the family Ericaceae; esp. any of the plants constituting the genus Phyllodoce.
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1805 W. Scott Hellvellyn 10 Dark green was that spot 'mid the brown mountain-heather.
1879 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6 337 Beneath the rhododendrons..were rich cushions studded with the white stars of Leiophyllum buxifolium... The natives call it mountain heather.
1927 Sci. Monthly Dec. 522 It passed from the lodgepole pine into the white bark pine and its carpet of wood rush and clumps of purple mountain heather (Phyllodoce empetriformis).
1985 Amer. Midland Naturalist 113 362 Vegetation was sparse, consisting mostly of red mountain heather (Phyllodoce empetriformis).
mountain hemlock n. a large coniferous tree, Tsuga mertensiana (family Pinaceae), native to western North America.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > [noun] > other conifers
juniper1748
bald cypress1785
Norfolk Island pine1803
Norfolk pine1804
taxodium1821
kahikatea1823
Moreton Bay pine1826
mai1831
matai1831
white pine1833
podocarp1846
black rue1864
plum fir1866
cephalotaxus1883
hoop-pine1884
mountain hemlock1884
tide-land spruce1891
kahika1921
Leyland's cypress1933
Metasequoia1941
1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 572 The timber on these ridges [in Idaho] was often small and scattered..with larch and red fir, balsam, hemlock, and sometimes mountain hemlock.
1946 Sierra Club Bull. Dec. 27 Approaching Bond Pass I traversed one of the largest forest associations of mountain hemlock in the Sierra.
1990 Nat. Hist. June 28/3 Other high mountains in the northwestern United States usually have a parklike forest of mountain hemlock, subalpine fir, [etc.].
† mountain hemp n. Obsolete rare a species of henbane, probably Hyoscyamus muticus.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > henbane
henbanea1300
henbell?a1350
hendwalea1400
close-wortc1450
symphonia1597
goose-bane1600
hog's bane1600
hog's bean1600
English tobacco1653
jusquiam1727
hyoscyamus1799
mountain hemp1882
1882 R. Bentley Man. Bot. (ed. 4) ii. iii. 608 H[yoscyamus] insanus, a native of Beluchistan, is sometimes used for criminal purposes... It is called Mountain Hemp.
† mountain ironwort n. Obsolete a yellow-flowered annual herb, Sideritis montana (family Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)), native to southern Europe.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > ironwort
stony sage1548
wall sage1548
ironwort1562
rock sage1562
smith's balm1597
glidewort1640
mountain ironwort1822
siderite1828
1822 S. Clarke Hortus Anglicus II. 75 Sideritis Montana. Mountain Iron Wort. Herbaceous, decumbent, hairy.
1891 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon at Ironwort Mountain ironwort, the Sideritis montana.
mountain larch n. [compare classical Latin larix montāna] U.S. either of two larches of mountains in western North America, Larix lyalli and L. occidentalis.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > conifers > larch and allies > [noun]
larch1548
larch-tree1548
black larch1752
larix1754
alerce1774
red American larch1785
hackmatack1793
tamarack1805
German larch1838
mountain larch1850
Japanese larch1861
1850 J. G. Whittier Poems 190 Wachuset's wintry blasts the mountain larches stir.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 263/2 Mountain larch (Larix lyallii).
1930 Jrnl. Ecol. 11 636 Evergreen trees of Montana and northern Idaho... Larix lyalli Parl. Mountain larch.
1979 E. L. Little Checklist U.S. Trees 159 Larix occidentalis... Mountain larch.
† mountain laver n. Obsolete a unicellular alga, Palmella miniata, forming gelatinous colonies on damp ground and rocks.
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1777 J. Lightfoot Flora Scotica II. 973 [Ulva montana] Mountain Laver. Anglis.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Mountain laver, a reddish gelatinous Alga, belonging to the genus Palmella,..growing on the sides of mountains.
† mountain liquorice n. Obsolete rare a European trefoil, Trifolium alpinum, with reddish flowers.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > leguminous plants > [noun] > clover or trefoil
white clovereOE
cloverc1000
hare-foota1300
clerewort?a1400
clover-grassa1400
three-leaved grass14..
trefoilc1400
sucklingc1440
four-leaved grassc1450
trefle1510
Trifolium?1541
trinity grass1545
Dutch1548
lote1548
hare's-foot1562
lotus1562
triple grass1562
blain-grass1570
meadow trefoil1578
purple grass1597
purplewort1597
satin flower1597
cithyse1620
true-love grass?a1629
garden balsam1633
hop-clover1679
Burgundian hay1712
strawberry trefoil1731
honeysuckle trefoil1735
red clover1764
buffalo-clover1767
marl-grass1776
purple trefoil1785
white trefoil1785
yellow trefoil1785
sulla1787
cow-grass1789
strawberry-bearing trefoil1796
zigzag trefoil1796
rabbit's foot1817
lotus grass1820
strawberry-headed trefoil1822
mountain liquorice1836
hop-trefoil1855
clustered clover1858
alsike1881
mountain clover1882
knop1897
Swedish clover1908
sub clover1920
four-leaf clover1927
suckle-
1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 1153 Mountain liquorice.
mountain magnolia n. U.S. any of the magnolias with cucumber-like fruits, esp. Magnolia acuminata; also called cucumber tree.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > magnolias
sweet bay1716
umbrella-tree1739
swamp laurel1743
magnolia1748
tulip-tree1751
beaver-tree1756
tulip-laurel1766
champakc1770
cucumber-tree1784
mountain magnolia1785
swamp sassafras1796
laurel magnolia1806
beaver-wood1810
big laurel1810
yulan1822
chatta1834
cucumber1835
port wine magnolia1943
magnolioid1988
1785 H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 83 Long-leaved Mountain Magnolia or Cucumber Tree.
1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. (10th Census IX) 20 Magnolia acuminata..Mountain magnolia.
1938 W. R. Van Dersal Native Woody Plants U.S. 342 Magnolia,..Mountain (Magnolia acuminata, Magnolia fraseri, Magnolia pyramidata).
1980 E. L. Little Audubon Soc. Field Guide N. Amer. Trees, E. Region 442 ‘Mountain Magnolia’—Magnolia pyramidata.
mountain mahoe n. see mahoe n.1 1.
mountain mahogany n. U.S. (a) the sweet birch, Betula lenta (cf. mountain birch n.); (b) any of various shrubs of the genus Cercocarpus (family Rosaceae), noted for their red wood and long-tailed fruits; esp. C. ledifolius, of western North America.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > birch and allies > [noun]
bircha700
birch-tree1530
weeping birch1606
Our Lady's tree1608
black birch1674
sugar-birch1751
white birch1766
red birch1774
yellow birch1774
paper birch1791
canoe birch1810
mountain mahogany1810
old field birch1810
mahogany birch1813
towai1845
river birch1846
kamahi1867
silver birch1884
wire birch1899
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > North American
arrowwood1578
white pine1682
wicopy1704
American olive1772
pumpkin pine1809
mountain mahogany1810
redwood1819
western yellow pine1857
western hemlock1867
western red cedar1874
Sitka cedar1875
ponderosa1878
walking stick1910
1810 F. A. Michaux Histoire des Arbres Forestiers de l'Amérique Septentrionale I. 26 Sweet birch, Mountain Mahogany..dans une partie de la Virginie.
1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 118 Wherever it grows in the United States, it is known by the name of Black Birch: its secondary denominations are Mountain Mahogany in Virginia, [etc.].
1875 Amer. Naturalist 9 201 Much more attractive with its glossy foliage and long feathery seeds, is the mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.
1951 Dict. Gardening (Royal Hort. Soc.) I. 440/1 C[ercocarpus] ledifolius. Mountain mahogany. Erect slender tree up to 40 ft.
1995 Inside Fort Collins (Colorado) 2 Feb. 1/3 Gray, dormant clumps of mountain mahogany dot the slopes.
† mountain maize n. Obsolete rare any of several chiefly subterranean parasitic plants of the genus Ombrophytum (family Balanophoraceae), of South America.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 90 Pöppig says, that Ombrophytum, which in Peru springs up suddenly after rain, in the manner of the toadstool, is called Mays del Monte, in consequence of its resemblance to a kind of maize.]
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 82/1 Mountain maize, the genus Ombrophytum.
1890 Cent. Dict. at Maize Mountain maize, plants of the genus Ombrophytum, said to be eaten like mushrooms.
mountain male fern n. the fern Dryopteris oreades (formerly confused with D. abbreviata), chiefly found on mountain ledges and screes.
ΚΠ
1991 C. Jermy & J. Camus Illustr. Field Guide Ferns & Allied Plants Brit. Isles 152 Mountain Male Fern Dryopteris oreades Fomin.
1997 C. Stace New Flora Brit. Isles (ed. 2) 33 D[ryopteris] oreades Fomin (D. abbreviata auct. non DC.)—Mountain Male-fern.
† mountain manchineel n. Obsolete rare a small tree with toxic sap, Metopium toxiferum, native to Florida, Mexico, and the Caribbean.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > sumacs > [noun]
buck's-horna1450
rhus?1541
sumac1548
Venice sumac1597
poisonwood1671
poison tree1676
swamp sumac1722
urushi1727
stag-horn1753
Venetian sumac1755
poison ash1757
ipoh1779
poison sumac1785
ailanthus tree1789
Japan varnish1789
vinegar-plant1797
mountain sumac1813
poison dogwood1814
upas1814
karee1815
fustet1821
taaibos1821
poison elder1822
varnish sumac1822
Japan lacquer1835
tree of heaven1845
anacard1847
smoke plant1856
tanners' sumac1858
swamp dogwood1859
smoke-tree1860
wax-tree1866
wig-sumac1867
wig-tree1867
burnwood1874
vinegar-tree1874
mountain manchineel1884
valley of death tree1888
sugar-bush1900
smoke bush1902
1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. (10th Census IX) 54 Rhus Metopium..Mountain Manchineel.
† mountain mango n. Caribbean Obsolete any of several trees of the genus Clusia (family Clusiaceae ( Guttiferae)), esp. C. flava; (also) the fruit of any of these trees.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > of South America or West Indies > other South American or West Indian fruits
mammee1587
coco-plum1699
water-sop1716
icaco1752
cherimoya1758
West India mango1774
vegetable pear1777
cinnamon apple1796
jaboticaba1824
butternut1827
Quito orange1846
Barbados-cherry1858
mountain mango1861
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
acerola1954
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of tropical America > other American fruit-plants
guava1555
anchovy pear1657
river pear1696
sour-sop tree1696
monkey apple1750
stopper-berry tree1750
sour-sop1753
chocho1756
sweet plum1796
pequi1819
Spanish plum1823
jaboticaba1824
christophene1830
Quito orange1846
pepino1850
mountain mango1861
chayote1884
Suriname cherry1895
feijoa1898
choko1902
1861 R. Bentley Man. Bot. ii. iii. 478 In Nevis and St. Kitt's the three species [of Clusia] are known indifferently under the names of Fat Pork, Monkey Apple, and Mountain or Wild Mango.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 717/1 Mountain or Wild Mango, Clusia flava.
mountain maple n. [compare classical Latin acer montānum] North American any of several maples ( Acer species) growing in upland areas; (in later use) esp. A. spicatum.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > maples > [noun]
maple treeOE
maplec1385
plane tree1562
great maple1597
sycamore-tree1597
sycamore1598
sugar-tree1705
sugar maple1731
red maple1767
scarlet maple1768
rock maple1774
white maple1774
silk wood1775
moosewood1778
mountain maple1785
box elder1787
acer1793
sycamore maple1796
mock plane1797
Montpellier maple1797
water maple1803
soft maple1806
sugar-wood1809
swamp maple1810
low maple1813
maple bush1821
Neapolitan maple1833
snake-bark1838
moose-maple1839
sap-tree1843
Manitoba maple1887
Japanese maple1898
curly maple1909
Queensland maple1915
paperbark maple1927
Amur maple1934
1785 H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 2 Acer pennsylvanicum, Pennsylvanian Dwarf Mountain Maple,..grows naturally upon the mountains in the back parts of Pennsylvania.
1832 D. J. Browne Sylva Americana 102 The mountain maple seldom rises above 20 feet in height.
a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) App. 314 Acer spicatum (mountain maple), a prevailing underwood.
1969 T. H. Everett Living Trees of World 222/2 Similar in size [to the moosewood] and also favoring shaded locations through much of eastern and central North America is the mountain maple (A. spicatum).
1991 Canoe Mar. 40/2 After Labor Day, streamside vegetation (aspen, mountain maple, cottonwood, and willow) explodes into warm autumn colors.
mountain moss n. †(a) the lesser clubmoss, Selaginella selaginoides (obsolete); (b) a moss growing in mountainous country.
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the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns
dwarf cypress1548
heath-cypress1551
pine1551
wolf's-claw1578
club-moss1597
wolf-claw1597
wolf's-foot1597
tree-moss1611
Selagoa1627
cypress-moss1640
mountain moss1688
lycopodium1706
stag's horn (also staghorn) moss1741
walking fern1814
tod-tails1820
Robin Hood's hatband1828
resurrection plant1841
ground-pine1847
forks and knives1853
fir club-moss1855
lycopod1861
Selaginella1865
foxtail1866
stag-head or stag's head moss1869
fir-moss1879
hog-bed1900
1688 J. Ray Hist. Plantarum 122 Seeding Mountain-moss.
1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora 264 Lycopodium Selaginoides... Prickly Wolfsclaw. Seeding Mountain-moss.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xix. 17 The mountain-moss by scorching skies imbrown'd.
1894 Catholic World May 165 It is rimmed with soft mountain moss in many a tangled form.
1941 Jrnl. Ecol. 29 108 Rhacomitrium lanuginosum is a mountain moss, and has been recorded from one locality only.
mountain parsley n. [after Middle French persil de montaigne (1557 in the passage translated in quot. 1578) < persil (see parsley n.) + de of + montaigne A.] (a) any of several plants of the family Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae) with finely divided, parsley-like leaves, esp. Peucedanum oreoselinum; cf. mountain stone parsley; (b) the parsley fern, Cryptogramma crispa.
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the world > plants > particular plants > ferns > [noun] > other ferns
mountain parsley1578
female fern1597
rock parsley1597
spleenwort1597
marsh fern1686
prickly fern1764
parsley fern1777
sensitive fern1780
lady fern1783
stone-brake1796
mountain fern1800
rock brake1802
walking leaf1811
todea1813
shield-fern1814
Woodsia1815
mangemange1817
cinnamon fern1818
climbing fern1818
bladder-fern1828
king fern1829
filmy fern1830
ostrich fern1833
New York fern1843
mokimoki1844
rhizocarp1852
film-fern1855
nardoo1860
gymnogram1861
holly-fern1861
limestone-polypody1861
elk-horn1865
Gleichenia1865
lizard's herb1866
cliff brake1867
kidney fern1867
Christmas fern1873
Prince of Wales feathers1873
Christmas shield fern1878
buckler-fern1882
crape-fern1882
stag-horn1882
ladder fern1884
oleander fern1884
stag fern1884
resam1889
lip-fern1890
coral-fern1898
bamboo fern1930
pteroid1949
fern-gale-
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > hog's fennel and allies
swine's fennel?a1425
swine's finkle?a1450
hog's fennel1525
dog fennel1526
harstrang1562
mountain parsley1578
sow-fennel1578
sulphurwort1578
much good1597
rock parsley1597
milky parsley1640
brimstone-wort1678
marsh milkweed1787
milk parsley1787
sea sulphur-wort1807
sea sulphur-weed1850
sulphur-weed1850
sea hog's-fennel1855
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. xliii. 607 The Auncientes haue alwayes described a kinde whiche they name Mountayne Parsely..albeit it be nowe growen out of knowledge.
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum at Apium Apium montanum Vulgatius, The more common Mountain Parsley. This Mountain Parsley hath divers reddish Stalks, of large spread Leaves, divided into many Parts.
1853 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 2) 58 Allosorus crispus, Bernhardi—Rock Brakes, or Mountain Parsley.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 849/1 Mountain parsley, Peucedanum Oreoselinum.
1937 Amer. Midland Naturalist 18 954 Plants first discovered on Mount Rainier... Mountain Parsley (Hesperogenia Stricklandii).
1996 Beautiful Brit. Columbia Fall 43/1 Colourful lichens have colonized the mineral-rich matter. Their chemical secretions are slowly breaking it down, providing precarious footholds for rock mosses, spotted saxifrage, and mountain parsley.
† mountain pennywort n. Obsolete rare a round-leaved alpine plant; perhaps Saxifraga cuneifolia.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > saxifrage and allies > [noun]
sengreenc1000
wayworta1300
saxifragec1440
stonebreak1548
grass of Parnassus1578
mountain pennywort1578
white liverwort1597
breakstone1688
Parnassia1727
mitella1731
lady's cushion1739
tiarella1759
American bastard sanicle1760
sanicle1760
mitrewort1771
queen's cushion1825
bishop's-cap1839
astilbe1843
coolwort1848
mitrewort1848
rodgersia1874
chrysosplene1877
rockfoil1879
old man's beard1882
foam flower1895
Indian rhubarb1897
mossy1938
piggyback plant1946
heucherella1949
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xxv. 37–8 Thicke Pennywurte..Mountayne or Syngreene Pennywurte, is a rare plante, it groweth in some places of the Alpes and other mountaynes beyond the Sea.
† mountain plum n. Jamaican Obsolete a small tropical American tree, Ximenia americana (family Olacaceae); (also) the fruit of this tree; also called hog plum.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > of tropical America > hog-plum tree
hog plum tree1697
tallow-nut1791
mountain plum1837
hog plum1877
1837 J. Macfadyen Flora Jamaica I. 121 Ximenia montana. Mountain-plum... Not uncommon.
1864 A. H. R. Grisebach Flora Brit. W. Indian Islands 786 Mountain-plum, Ximenia americana.
† mountain poly n. Obsolete rare = poly n.1 1.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > fragrant plants or plants used in perfumery > [noun] > poly-mountain
polyOE
puly?1537
poly mountain1562
mountain poly1698
1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 244 Where..grew the Mountain-Poly, which struck our Scent.
1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Polium Montanum, luteum. C.B.P. Yellow Mountain Poley.
mountain pride n. (a) a small Jamaican tree, Spathelia sorbifolia (family Rutaceae), with showy purple flowers at the top of an unbranched stem; (b) U.S. a pink-flowered penstemon, Penstemon newberryi, of western North America.
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > South American and West Indian trees or shrubs > [noun] > others
persea1601
mahoe1666
poison berry1672
white mangrove1683
maiden plum1696
angelin1704
garlic-pear1725
milkwood-tree1725
Jack-in-the-box1735
cherimoya1736
rattle bush1750
galapee1756
genip1756
lace bark1756
sunfruit1787
wild orange1802
hog-nut1814
mountain pride1814
savannah wattle1814
mora1825
rubber tree1826
mayflower1837
bastard manchineel1838
long john1838
seringa1847
sack tree1849
jumbie tree1860
jumbie bean1862
king-tree1863
gauze-tree1864
mountain green1864
snowdrop tree1864
strong bark1864
switch-sorrel1864
candle-tree1866
maypole1866
angelique1873
poisonwood1884
porkwood1884
1814 J. Lunan Hortus Jamaicensis I. 524 Mountain Pride. Spathelia..Simplex.
1897 M. E. Parsons Wild Flowers Calif. 250 Pride of the Mountains. Pentstemon [sic] Menziesii, var. Newberryi.
1949 in J. E. C. McFarlane Treasury Jamaican Poetry ii. 71 With ice-cold wave I [sc. a stream] gently lave The flowers as I wander, 'Neath Mountain Pride, I murmur and meander.
1979 R. Spellenberg Audubon Soc. Field Guide N. Amer. Wildflowers, W. Region 774 Mountain Pride... Southwestern Oregon to the southern Sierra Nevada of California.
1987 D. J. Mabberley Plant-bk. 548 S[pathelia] sorbifolia..(S. simplex, mountain pride, Jamaica).
mountain puliol n. rare = puliol mountain n.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > thyme or wild thyme
brotherwortOE
puliol mountainc1300
thyme1398
pelletera1400
petergrassa1425
serpola1425
running thyme1548
serpille1558
pellamountain1575
creeping thyme1597
mother of thyme1597
serpolet1693
shepherd's thyme1857
mountain puliol1908
1908 N.E.D. at Mountain Mountain puliol.
† mountain rhapontic n. Obsolete rare = rhapontic n. 3.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Polygonaceae (dock and allies) > [noun] > dock and allies
red dockeOE
dockc1000
rhubarbc1390
docken1423
patience?a1425
round dock1526
Rumex1565
wild patience1578
bloody dock1597
monk's rhubarb1597
Welsh sorrel1640
butterdock1688
mountain rhapontic1728
mountain sorrel1753
Rheum1753
redshank1810
patience dock1816
fiddle-dock1823
canaigre1868
nettle-docken1891
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Rhaponticum The Mountain Rhapontic, or Monk's Rhubarb.
mountain rice n. (a) a variety of rice grown in upland districts without irrigation; (b) U.S. any of various grasses of the genus Oryzopsis, esp. O. hymenoides, used as grain by North American Indians.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > non-British grasses > [noun] > North American
salt grass1704
wiregrass1751
Indian grass1765
buffalo grass1784
blue-eyed grass1785
mountain rice1790
nimble Will1816
yard-grass1822
mesquite1831
poverty-grass1832
tickle-moth1833
bunch-grass1837
naked-beard grass1848
needle grass1848
Means grass1858
toothache-grass1860
Johnson grass1873
Indian rice grass1893
nigger babies1897
St. Augustine grass1905
pinyon ricegrass1935
1790 B. Vaughan Let. 27 Mar. in T. Jefferson Papers (1961) XVI. 274 I have now the pleasure to send some dry or mountain rice, of the Red or best sort, gathered by Lieutt. Bligh at Timor.
1817 A. Eaton Man. Bot. 12 Oryzopsis..asperifolia, (mountain rice).
1840 Penny Cycl. XVII. 45/2 It has been hoped that the mountain rice, which is known to grow at considerable elevations in the Himalayan Mountains, might be suited to an English climate.
1945 H. T. Darlington Higher Plants Michigan 17 Common species of grass that furnish some nutrient to grazing animals in the early part of the season are wild oat-grass.., sheep fescue.., mountain rice.
1992 A. Bell tr. M. Toussaint-Samat Hist. Food vi. 163 The main basis of the rice liquor called sake is mountain rice, which is very rich in nitrogen, or sticky rice.
mountain rose n. a rhododendron; (in later quots., perhaps) a rose growing in mountainous country.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > azaleas or rhododendrons
mountain rose1640
rhododendron1657
Alpine rose1728
winterbloom1752
azalea1753
mountain rosebay1759
rosebay1760
rhodora1770
mountain laurel1785
swamp azalea1796
big laurel1810
rose tree1818
white honeysuckle1818
meadow pink1827
Pinkster1833
mayflower1838
alpenrose1839
swamp pink1840
rhodie1851
swamp honeysuckle1856
ponticum1875
tree azalea1884
rhodo1886
Kurume azalea1920
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum xxvi. 77 Ledum Alpinum sive Rosa Alpina. The Sweet Mountain Rose.
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Chamærhododendros of Lobel, is also call'd Ledum Alpinum by Clusius, in English, the Sweet Mountain Rose of Parkinson.
1826 P. Pounden France & Italy 197 The rhododendron, or mountain-rose.
1957 L. Durrell Bitter Lemons 103 Plum-dark mountain roses.
1994 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 54 472 472 Yellow mountain rose scatters until no color of water remains.
mountain rosebay n. †(a) mountain laurel, Kalmia latifolia (obsolete rare); (b) a rhododendron; (now) spec. Rhododendron catawbiense of the south-eastern United States.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > cultivated or ornamental trees and shrubs > [noun] > azaleas or rhododendrons
mountain rose1640
rhododendron1657
Alpine rose1728
winterbloom1752
azalea1753
mountain rosebay1759
rosebay1760
rhodora1770
mountain laurel1785
swamp azalea1796
big laurel1810
rose tree1818
white honeysuckle1818
meadow pink1827
Pinkster1833
mayflower1838
alpenrose1839
swamp pink1840
rhodie1851
swamp honeysuckle1856
ponticum1875
tree azalea1884
rhodo1886
Kurume azalea1920
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. App. Mountain Bay Rose, a name by which the Chamaerhododendros of botanists is sometimes called.]
1759 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 7) II. Index The Mountain Rose Bay, see Kalmia.
1760 J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 306 Mountain Rose Bay, Rhododendrum.
1898 Atlantic Monthly 82 498 Purple rhododendron or mountain rose-bay (R. Catawbiense).
1962 Ecology 43 357 Rhododendron catawbiense Michx., the mountain rosebay, is a somewhat smaller species of middle and high elevations.
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 953/2 [Rhododendron] catawbiense Michx. Catawba R., Mountain Rosebay.
† mountain saffron n. Obsolete (a) any of several autumn-flowering colchicums or crocuses (also mountain saffron flower, mountain wild saffron); (b) the Snowdon lily, Lloydia serotina (cf. mountain spiderwort n.).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > allied flowers
dog's tooth1578
daylily1597
mountain saffron1597
phalangium1608
Savoy spiderwort1629
hemerocallis1648
tuberose1664
St Bruno's lily1706
superb lily1731
agapanthus1789
Spanish squill1790
erythronium1797
Tritoma1804
Spanish harebell1808
veltheimia1808
adder's tongue1817
bunch flower1818
Puschkinia1820
hedychium1822
eremurus1836
flame lily1841
lily pink1848
mountain spiderwort1849
lloydia1850
kniphofia1854
garland-flower1866
red-hot poker1870
swamp-lover1878
African lily1882
flame-flower1882
Scarborough lily1882
wood-lily1882
St. Bernard lily1883
torch-lily1884
rajanigandha1885
ginger lily1892
chinkerinchee1904
snow lily1907
sand lily1909
avalanche lily1912
Spanish bluebell1924
mountain lily1932
chink1949
poker1975
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. lxxxii. 129 The mountaine wilde saffron is a base and lowe plant, but in shape altogether like the common medow Saffron.
1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) i. xc. 153 (caption) Autumne mountaine Saffron.
1728 R. Bradley Dict. Botanicum Crocus montanus Autumnalis, the Autumn Mountain Crocus. This Mountain Saffron-flower springeth up later than any of the former, and doth not appear until the Middle or End of October.
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 339 Anthericum serotinum... Mountain Saffron.
mountain sage n. (a) wood sage, Teucrium scorodonia (now historical); (b) U.S. = sage-brush n. at sage n.1 Compounds 2.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > germander plants
hindheala1300
ambrosea1350
wild sagea1400
germander?a1425
tetterwosea1500
English treacle1548
garlic-germander1548
scordium1548
wood-sage1571
garlic-sage1597
horse-chire1597
tree germander1597
mountain sage1659
marum1666
teucrium1673
mastic plant1718
thorny germander1822
bitter sage1865
1659 R. Lovell Παμβοτανολογια 400 Sage... K[nown] as the great, small, Indian, mountaine, [etc.].
1844 D. Lee & J. H. Frost Ten Years in Oregon xi. 122 In this way we went on..toiling through immense tracts of mountain sage, or more properly, wormwood, an ugly shrub from two to six feet high.
1869 A. S. Wright Wright's Bk. 3000 Pract. Receipts 238 For a Pain in the Ear... Take the juice of mountain sage, [etc.].
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal II. 707/2 ‘Garlick Sage’ is one of the names quoted by Gerard for Teucrium scorodonia, which we find variously termed by old writers, Mountain Sage, Wild Sage and Wood Sage.
1944 Ecol. Monogr. 14 452/1 A 360-acre range 20 miles north of Limon, Colorado... Traces of mountain sage (Artemisia frigida) also occurred.
mountain sandwort n. either of two sandworts, Arenaria groenlandica of Greenland and North America, and A. montana of south-western Europe.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Caryophyllaceae (chickweeds and allies) > [noun] > sandwort
sandwort1597
sea pimpernel1633
mountain chickweed1659
sea spurrey1762
sea-chickweed1786
arenariaa1806
sand-weed1849
sea-sandwort1850
sea spurrey sandwort1853
mountain sandwort1884
sand flower1916
1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 120/2 Mountain sandwort, Arenaria montana and A. Groenlandica.
1900 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 434/1 A. montana (Mountain Sandwort).
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 103/1 [Arenaria] groenlandica (Retz.) K. Spreng... Mountain Sandwort.
1997 Jrnl. Torrey Bot. Soc. 124 340/1 Other plants at the Ice Caves [in Ulster County, New York] that Torreyites do not commonly see include..mountain sandwort (Arenaria groenlandica var. glabra) in bloom, [etc.].
† mountain siler n. [compare post-classical Latin siler montanus (13th cent. in a British source)] Obsolete a plant, Laserpitium siler (family Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae)) , native to mountains of southern Europe; cf. sermountain n., siler n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > seseli
parsley of Macedonia1526
mountain siler?1550
water withy1559
seseli1578
Macedonian parsley1649
Marseilles hartwort1727
?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe sig. L.vv Syler, montayne and Comin sod in wyne.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 348 The Mountaine-Siler helpeth Goates to yean.
mountain sorrel n. a sorrel, Oxyria digyna (family Polygonaceae), native to arctic regions and mountains of Eurasia and North America, with rosettes of edible heart- or kidney-shaped leaves.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Polygonaceae (dock and allies) > [noun] > dock and allies
red dockeOE
dockc1000
rhubarbc1390
docken1423
patience?a1425
round dock1526
Rumex1565
wild patience1578
bloody dock1597
monk's rhubarb1597
Welsh sorrel1640
butterdock1688
mountain rhapontic1728
mountain sorrel1753
Rheum1753
redshank1810
patience dock1816
fiddle-dock1823
canaigre1868
nettle-docken1891
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum vi. x. 745 Acetosa Cambro-Britanica Montana, Mountaine Welsh Sorrell.]
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Sorrel The great mountain-sorrel.
1843 C. C. Babington Man. Brit. Bot. (1847) 273 Oxyria reniformis, Mountain Sorrel.
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal II. 754/1 The Mountain Sorrel is found distributed in the Arctic regions and the Alps of the north temperate zone, and grows by streams in Wales, Yorks. and northwards.
1980 R. J. Berry & J. L. Johnston Nat. Hist. Shetland (1986) 291 (table) Mountain Sorrel. Ronas Hill area, rare.
mountain spiderwort n. the Snowdon lily, Lloydia serotina; cf. mountain saffron n. (b).
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > lily and allied flowers > allied flowers
dog's tooth1578
daylily1597
mountain saffron1597
phalangium1608
Savoy spiderwort1629
hemerocallis1648
tuberose1664
St Bruno's lily1706
superb lily1731
agapanthus1789
Spanish squill1790
erythronium1797
Tritoma1804
Spanish harebell1808
veltheimia1808
adder's tongue1817
bunch flower1818
Puschkinia1820
hedychium1822
eremurus1836
flame lily1841
lily pink1848
mountain spiderwort1849
lloydia1850
kniphofia1854
garland-flower1866
red-hot poker1870
swamp-lover1878
African lily1882
flame-flower1882
Scarborough lily1882
wood-lily1882
St. Bernard lily1883
torch-lily1884
rajanigandha1885
ginger lily1892
chinkerinchee1904
snow lily1907
sand lily1909
avalanche lily1912
Spanish bluebell1924
mountain lily1932
chink1949
poker1975
1849 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Mountain-spiderwort, the plant Anthericum serotinum.
1900 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 645/2 Lloydia (Mountain Spider-wort).—L. serotina is a small bulbous Liliaceous plant, suitable for the cool parts of the rock-garden, and not of the showy order of beauty.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 151 Mountain Spiderwort. This rare species..is an exquisite little plant with grass-like leaves and charming little flowers that are white and veined with reddish stripes.
† mountain spignel n. Obsolete the moon carrot, Seseli libanotis (family Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae)); cf. mountain stone parsley n.
ΚΠ
1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 294 Athamanta Libanotis,..Mountain Spignel or Stone Parsley.
mountain spikenard n. see spikenard n. Compounds 2.
mountain spinach n. the garden orache, Atriplex hortensis.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Chenopodiaccae (goose-foot and allies) > [noun] > salt bush or orach
milesOE
orachea1300
golden herb1562
notchweed1659
sea pot-herb1706
lamb's quarter1773
butter leaves1789
fat-hen1795
mountain spinach1822
sea-orach1845
salt bush1863
1822 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Gardening iii. i. 714 The Orach, or Mountain Spinach.—Atriplex hortensis.
1890 Amer. Naturalist 24 277 Orach, Orache, French spinach, or Mountain spinach is called in France, arroche, armol, [etc.].
1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal I. 56/1 The Garden Orache, or Mountain Spinach (Atriplex hortensis), is a tall, erect-growing hardy annual, a native of Tartary.
1991 M. Stewart Living Spring 60/3 Orache, also known as mountain spinach, has a mild flavour. Like all spinach, it is very nutritious and best when young.
† mountain stone parsley n. Obsolete a parsley-like plant of the family Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae) (in quot. 1858, moon carrot, Seseli libanotis); cf. mountain parsley n.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > stone-parsley
stone-parsley1548
black parsley1562
rock parsley1597
mountain stone parsley1719
stonewort1796
1719 J. Quincy Lexicon Physico-medicum (1722) 348/1 Mountain-Stone-Parsley.
1744 J. Wilson Synopsis Brit. Plants 72 Apium petræum seu montanum album... Mountain Stone Parsley.
1858 A. Irvine Handbk. Brit. Plants 592 Libanotis... Mountain Stone-Parsley.
mountain sumac n. U.S. (a) any of several sumacs ( Rhus species); esp. the dwarf or winged sumac, R. copallina; (b) the American mountain ash, Sorbus americana (family Rosaceae).
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the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > sumacs > [noun]
buck's-horna1450
rhus?1541
sumac1548
Venice sumac1597
poisonwood1671
poison tree1676
swamp sumac1722
urushi1727
stag-horn1753
Venetian sumac1755
poison ash1757
ipoh1779
poison sumac1785
ailanthus tree1789
Japan varnish1789
vinegar-plant1797
mountain sumac1813
poison dogwood1814
upas1814
karee1815
fustet1821
taaibos1821
poison elder1822
varnish sumac1822
Japan lacquer1835
tree of heaven1845
anacard1847
smoke plant1856
tanners' sumac1858
swamp dogwood1859
smoke-tree1860
wax-tree1866
wig-sumac1867
wig-tree1867
burnwood1874
vinegar-tree1874
mountain manchineel1884
valley of death tree1888
sugar-bush1900
smoke bush1902
1813 H. Muhlenberg Catal. Plantarum Americæ Septentrionalis 32 Rhus..copallinum aestivale—(mountain sumach).
1910 C. B. Graves Catal. Flowering Plants & Ferns Connecticut 223 Sorbus americana..Mountain Sumac... Swamps and about ponds or sometimes on dry ledges or in rocky woods.
1974 J. F. Morton Folk Remedies Low Country 127 Mountain sumac..Rhus copallina... Woods, old fields and along fences and in dry, hilly regions.
mountain sweet n. New Jersey tea, Ceanothus americanus.
ΚΠ
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 760/2 Mountain-sweet, a Canadian name for Ceanothus americanus.
1900 W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden (ed. 8) 470/1 Ceanothus (Mountain Sweet).
1976 Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 237/1 [Ceanothus] americanus L. New Jersey Tea, Wild Snowball, Mountain-Sweet.
mountain sweetwood n. see sweetwood n.
mountain tea n. North American (a) wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens; (also) a beverage made from an infusion of its leaves; (b) (more fully blue mountain tea), a goldenrod, esp. Solidago odora; (also) a beverage made from an infusion of its leaves or flowers.
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the world > food and drink > drink > infused leaves, flowers, or fruit > [noun] > others
coltsfoota1627
sage tea?1706
pippin tea1709
lemon-tea1725
foltron1748
camomile-tea1753
sassafras tea1783
spruce tea1783
mountain tea1785
cow-slip tea1796
miserable1842
peppermint tea1844
violet tea1853
Swiss tea1860
coffee-tea1866
Jesuits' tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
cotton-leaf tea1881
tamarind watera1883
tamarind tea1883
mullein tea1887
rosehip tea1947
the world > food and drink > drink > tea manufacture > [noun] > tea substitutes
Indian tea1709
Appalachian tea1728
Arabian tea1728
Carolina tea1728
golden rod tea1728
Paraguay1728
South Sea tea1728
sweet tea1728
Oswego tea1752
false tea1760
New Jersey tea1760
Labrador tea1767
mountain tea1785
manuka1832
Abyssinian tea1866
Brazil tea1866
Hudson's Bay tea1948
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > tea-plant > [noun] > types of
herb of Paraguay1672
Indian tea1709
Algerian tea1728
Appalachian tea1728
Arabian tea1728
Canary tea1728
golden rod tea1728
Malay tea1728
Paraguay1728
South Sea tea1728
monarda1752
Oswego tea1752
Paraguay tea1760
Labrador tea1767
maté1768
marsh rosemary1777
blue mountain tea1785
alstonia1806
Ceylon tea1814
Canada tea1817
yerba-maté1818
honey bush1840
Wild Bergamot1843
Hottentot tea1850
kaffir tea1850
khat1858
Brazil tea1866
Mexican tea1866
St. Helena tea1875
rooibos1915
redbush1946
Hudson's Bay tea1948
bergamot1958
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > medicinal trees or shrubs > [noun] > non-British medicinal trees or shrubs > wintergreen shrubs
wintergreen1778
mountain tea1785
spice-berry1792
partridgeberry1814
tea-berry1818
ivory plum1828
twinberry1836
ivy-berry1840
partridge bush1843
Gaultheria1848
checker-berry1852
partridge-vine1860
snowberry1866
one-berry1873
1765 in D. Campbell Hist. Prince Edward Island (1875) 6 The Mountain Shrub and Maiden Hair are also pretty common, of whose leaves and berries the Acadian settlers frequently make a kind of tea.]
1785 H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 53 Gaultheria procumbens. Canadian Gaultheria, or Mountain Tea... The leaves have been used as a substitute for Bohea Tea, whence the name of Mountain Tea.
1832 W. D. Williamson Hist. Maine I. 121 This ‘mountain tea’ promotes mammillary secretions.
1886 Harper's Mag. June 62/1 Another beverage is ‘mountain tea’ which is made from the sweet scented golden-rod and from winter-green.
1939 O. P. Medsger Edible Wild Plants 220 This plant [sc. Solidago odora] is sometimes referred to as Blue Mountain Tea. I find it recorded that the dried flowers make a pleasant and wholesome tea substitute.
1999 Nature Canada Spring 30/1 Reigning king is the species at our doorstep—Gaultheria procumbens, L.—whose common names include checkerberry, mountain tea, teaberry, [etc.].
mountain tea tree n. rare (a) Australian any of several shrubs or small trees of the genera Kunzea and Leptospermum (family Myrtaceae); (b) U.S. the deer-brush, Ceanothus integerrimus (family Rhamnaceae), of California.
ΚΠ
1898 E. E. Morris Austral Eng. 464/1 Of the other genera to which the name [tea-tree] is sometimes applied, Kunzea pedunculata, F.V.M., is called Mountain Tea-tree.
1900 Sunset July 121 The mountain tea-tree, Ceanothus integerrimus, is in full bloom and gives vast mountain slopes the aspect of being covered by a recent snowfall.
mountain tobacco n. any of several Eurasian and North American plants of the genus Arnica (family Asteraceae ( Compositae)); esp. A. montana, of mountains in central Europe.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > arnica
arnica1753
leopard's bane1822
mountain tobacco1846
mountain arnica1861
1760 G. Washngton Diary 8 Mar. (1925) I. 136 An order on Hunting Creek Warehouses for 7 Hhds. of my Mountain Tob[acc]o.
1846 J. Lindley Veg. Kingdom 707 Arnica montana, a Swiss herb, called in our gardens Mountain Tobacco.
1947 B. Haile Prayer Stick Cutting 52 Mountain tobacco is then dropped into the stick and the patient then symbolically lights it by motioning with rock crystal to the sun and touching the stick.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 26 Mountain Tobacco. A common plant in the Alps, this is a good plant for the rock-garden with rosettes of attractive aromatic, downy leaves.
mountain white oak n. U.S. the blue oak, Quercus douglasii.
ΚΠ
1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 143 Quercus Douglassii... Mountain White Oak. Blue Oak.
1980 E. L. Little Audubon Soc. Field Guide N. Amer. Trees, W. Region 394 ‘Mountain White Oak’.. Quercus douglasii.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

mountainv.

Brit. /ˈmaʊntᵻn/, U.S. /ˈmaʊnt(ə)n/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mountain n.
Etymology: < mountain n.
literary and poetic.
transitive. To raise up into mountains; to pile up so as to resemble a mountain or mountains.
ΚΠ
1899 M. J. Cawein Myth & Romance 24 Thy architects were behemoth wind and cloud, That, laboring loud, Mountained thy world foundations and uplifted Thy skyey bastions Of piled eternities of ice and snow.
1958 S. Plath Coll. Poems (1981) 104 Three girls, engrossed, were wrenching full clusters Of cerise and pink from the rhododendron, Mountaining them on spread newspaper.
1994 M. Schneider Exits 63 What are these hills? Not earth turfed with grass, not compressed cars in neat mounds or old settees, springs like exposed nerves, not tins mountained into heaps.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.c1275v.1899
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