Babyloniann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌbabᵻˈləʊnɪən/, U.S.

/ˌbæbəˈloʊniən/

Forms: 1500s–1600s Babilonian, 1500s– Babylonian, 1600s Babalonian.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Babylōnius , -an suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin Babylōnius of Babylon, Babylonian ( < ancient Greek Βαβυλώνιος < Βαβυλών (see Babylon n.²) + -ιος , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French babilonien , Middle French, French babylonien (noun) native or inhabitant of ancient Babylon (c1300 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from 1546; rare before mid 18th cent.), the dialect of Akkadian spoken in ancient Babylon (1838), (adjective) of or belonging to ancient Babylon (1550). With use as noun compare earlier Babylon n.¹ With use as adjective compare earlier Babylonish adj.

A. n.

a. A native or inhabitant of the ancient city of Babylon (now in Iraq), or the ancient Babylonian Empire. historical.

ΚΠ

1534 tr. L. Valla Treat. Donation vnto Syluester iv. sig. kiii^v I suppose they dyd worshippe him for a god, euyn so as the Babylonians dyd worshippe another dragon.

?1542 M. Coverdale tr. Supplicacion vnto Kyng Ferdinandus To Rdr. Shame those wycked Babilonians & sedicious Coraites, that disturbe all ordinaunces of God.

1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xix. 37 The Assyrians and Babilonians boughte their wiues.., but after vsed mariages, regarding therewith their Prolataries, as the Spartanes didde them that begatte their men children.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 627 The Babilonians and the Alexandrians loued diuersity of colours in their garments.

1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 149 Thus in Joel 2. from 1. to the 12. ver. you have a most lively Rhetorical Prosopopoeical description of the terrible Army of the Babylonians.

a1727 I. Newton Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) iii. 292 The two collateral Empires of the Babylonians and Medes.

1743 Gentleman's Mag. May 247/1 Some Time after the Deluge, the Babylonians put this invention in Practice.

1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xlviii. 590 The observations attributed to Hermes indicate a date seven hundred years earlier than those of the Babylonians.

1862 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) 21 527 We find mentioned in the Nabathean Agriculture two principal festivals of the Babylonians: one..celebrated on the first of Nisan or April.

1921 G. A. F. Knight Nile & Jordan iii. 31 The still earlier non-Semitic Akkadian civilization which the dynastic Babylonians dethroned.

1956 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 7 87 Transliterations would have been a great help to a Babylonian in enabling him to read ideograms and to determine the value of polyphonous signs.

2005 L. Holford-Strevens Hist. Time i. 2 The Jewish and Muslim day is counted from sunset, as it was by the ancient Greeks and Babylonians.

b. An astrologer. rare (now historical).With reference to the Babylonian development of astrology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person

astrologera1382

castera1382

astronomera1387

planetist1509

horoscoper1561

figure-caster1584

figure-flinger1587

philomath1611

judiciary1618

planetary1625

astromancer1652

astromantic1652

configurator1652

horoscopist1652

planetarian1652

Babylonian1677

1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra ii. iv. 248 For from good Bishops..they are become incurable Babylonians.

2007 P. Parsons City Sharp-nosed Fish xi. 186 Astrology too,..had its roots in the same area, as indeed Greeks and Romans acknowledged by using ‘Chaldaean’ and ‘Babylonian’ as synonyms of ‘astrologer’.

†2. derogatory. A Roman Catholic; (occasionally) the Roman Catholic Church. Obsolete.Chiefly with reference to Revelation 14–18. See Babylon n.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun]

papist1528

Romanist1534

Roman1537

Romist1543

papistic1545

popestant1549

flesh-maker1551

mass-monger1551

Romish1551

Pope catholicc1554

popeling1563

catholic1570

Romish Catholic1571

popera1577

Pope worshipper1579

papane1581

Roman Catholic1581

Cacolike1582

Cartholic1582

papisha1595

Babylonian1603

papal1611

popinian1613

Papalin1616

Romulist1620

papicolist1633

western1640

papagan1641

universalist1644

red-letter man1677

RC1691

Azymite1728

papalist1752

craw-thumper1786

catholicist1812

papisher1817

pontifical1832

Romanite1839

dogan1847

mickey1851

redneck1852

mackerel-snatcher1855

Latin1867

Romanensian1885

Roman candle1897

Mick1902

Mick Dooley1905

Mickey Doo1905

left-footer1911

Pape1927

right-footer1929

Doolan1940

tyke1941

Tim1958

mackerel-snapper1960

Teague1971

Mickey Doolan1972

1603 H. Clapham Epist. vpon present Pestilence v. sig. B3 The sword of Romish Babilonians was prest to haue bene drawen within and without vs.

1644 J. Vicars Babylons Beautie 30 The Lord Jesus Christ, most graciously invites all his poore people (whom though mixed among the Romish Babylonians, he hath a purpose to save).

1765 ‘Rabby Shylock’ Jew Apologist ii. xii. 154 Usurping Nimrods, then s—d—m—tes, then Egyptian wizzards, and Abedons next, Incurable Babylonians, infine, Are popes epithets.

1797 R. Southey Lett. from Spain vi. 72 Here the Babylonian [= Roman Catholic priest] walks the street in full dress scarlet.

1865 L. Gage & J. H. W. Stuckenberg tr. K. R. Hagenbach German Rationalism xiii. 159 The Papists, represented by the word Babylonians, had gone on until the day of judgment with their masses and their worship of images.

†a. The Aramaic language. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [noun] > Semitic > Akkadian

Babylonian1789

Akkadian1873

1684 tr. R. Simon Crit. Hist. Old Test. ii. xviii. 128 Thus they mix'd the Hebrew and Babylonian Language.]

1789 G. Campbell in tr. Four Gospels II. Pref. 20 Calling the language they had adopted Chaldee, Babylonian, or even the language of Aram.

b. The dialect of Akkadian spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient Babylonian Empire. historical.

ΚΠ

1870 G. C. Swayne Herodotus v. 78 It is in three languages—old Persian, Babylonian, and Scythian.

1888 A. H. Sayce Hittites ii. 23 At that time Babylonian was the international language.

1908 Jewish Q. Rev. 20 498 It is now established that Babylonian was the diplomatic language of the period.

1927 Times 19 May 13/5 The record was found engraven in three languages—Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian.

1987 C. B. F. Walker Cuneiform i. 16 Anything written in Babylonian or Assyrian can equally be said to be written in Akkadian.

1991 C. B. Boyer & U. C. Merzbach Hist. Math. (ed. 2) ii. 10 It was discovered that the Behistun Cliff carried a trilingual account of the victory of Darius over Cambyses, the inscriptions being in Persian, Elamitic and Babylonian.

†4. A shade of purple. Cf. sense B. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > [noun] > other purples

amarant1690

plum colour1714

mulberry colour1776

plum1873

Babylonian1882

heliotrope1882

mulberry1882

helio1894

aubergine1895

orchid1923

1882 Househ. Words 14 Jan. 234/1 Some exquisite purple shades are shown, the leading colour being called Alexandria, a brilliant and rich shade; next to which comes Babylonian, bishop's purple, and lilac.

B. adj.

a. Of, from, or belonging to the ancient city of Babylon (now in Iraq), or the ancient Babylonian Empire. historical.

ΚΠ

1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. v. f. 58^v Laste in ordre came the Babilonian horsemen [L. equites Babylonii].

1588 J. de Frégeville Reformed Politicke 86 Cirus wrought great matters with smal power, but that came to passe because the same was the reuolution of the Babylonian Empire.

1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 29 All set forward..imagining that by sun-set they should reach to Villages of the Babylonian Territorie.

1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. ii. vii. 206 It is not improbable..that some modern Samaritan compil'd it chiefly out of the different copies of the Palestinian and Babylonian Jews.

1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia II. iii. xxx. 89 There were seventy-two matricular Babylonian tongues.

1834 Penny Cycl. II. 397/2 The Babylonian characters, on account of their rude shape, are often called nail-headed.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 43 The policy of transplanting nations..was adopted, as a regular part of Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian policy.

1901 A. Lang Magic & Relig. 134 The mock-king who was annually killed at the Babylonian festival of the Sacæa.

1952 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Anc. Judaism i. i. 6 The rise to political prominence of Babylonian power at the end of the third millenium [of the Hebrew calendar].

1995 Q. Jrnl. Royal Astron. Soc. 36 113 Before the use of Greek mathematics, Babylonian astrologers relied primarily on harmonic analysis.

b. Characteristic of Babylon or its inhabitants; spec. (a) huge, gigantic; (b) decadent, indulgent. Also: = Babelish adj. 2.With the sense ‘huge, gigantic’, cf. Babel n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > huge

unmeeteOE

unmeetlyOE

hugea1275

hideousc1330

infinitec1385

unmeasureda1398

unmeasurablec1405

hugyc1420

immeasurable1440

ingentc1450

unmeetlyc1450

giant1480

immense1490

monstrous?a1513

unmeasurely1513

hugeousa1529

unportable1537

enormous1544

enormc1560

giantly1561

immensible1579

rouncival1582

dismeasured1584

vast1585

immeasured1590

gargantuan1596

omnipotent1596

colossian1601

immane1601

prodigious1601

Polyphemian1602

Titanian1603

titanical1603

gigantical1604

immensive1604

gigantine1605

colossic1607

gigantean1611

Gogmagotical1612

gigantal?1614

Babylonian1617

leviathan1625

titanic1628

elephantine1631

gigantive1638

colossean1644

decumanal1652

immensurate1654

gigant1658

decuman1659

colossal1664

abnormous1710

Brobdingnagian1728

Brobdingnag1731

Pantagruelian1737

heroic1785

Patagonian1786

seven-league1787

Titan1793

gigantic1797

seven-leagued1799

mammoth1801

dimensionless1813

tremendous1813

gigantesque1821

monster1837

titanesque1838

monstre1840

giantlike1847

leviathanic1848

pythonic1851

Babylonic1853

supercolossal1871

giantesque1909

behemothian1910

supergiant1919

ginormous1942

big-ass1945

Ozymandian1961

fuck-off1962

mega1968

humongous1970

monstro1970

big-assed1972

big-arsed1996

1617 in F. J. Furnivall Harrison's Descr. Eng. (1908) IV. 280 Many good Lawes have been made against this Babylonian confusion.

a1657 R. Lovelace Poems (1864) 201 A great cathedral in the sea, Under whose Babylonian walls A small thin frigot almshouse stalls?

1757 E. Kimber Juvenile Adventures David Ranger (ed. 2) I. i. 8 To compose her to rest a Babylonian confusion of sounds was heard.

1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 131 No huge Babylonian centres of commerce towered into the clouds.

1859 Once a Week 17 Dec. 522/2 Looking back in these pages, they seem so unusual as to read like a romance. Gardens on our housetops! Babylonian luxuries!

1896 E. A. Vizetelly tr. E. Zola Rome viii. 251 Then came an attempt to make quite a little city, with..colossal mansions three and four storeys high, displaying uniform and endless façades which made these new excentral quarters quite Babylonian.

1922 G. K. Chesterton What I saw in Amer. 23 But it was not merely the Babylonian size and scale of such things, it was the way in which they are used.

1978 W. K. Everson Amer. Silent Film vi. 92 The huge Babylonian set sprawled over more than 250 acres of Hollywood.

2001 New Yorker 20 Jan. 95/1 Emboldened by his success..the young British director has gone for the big one: Babylonian budget, sweeping locations, dazzling deployment of multiple cameras.

†2. derogatory. Of, relating to, or belonging to the Roman Catholic Church; Roman Catholic. Obsolete.Chiefly with reference to Revelation 14–18. See Babylon n.² 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [adjective]

RomanisheOE

Laterana1400

Romana1500

papistical1527

popish1528

antichristian1532

pontifical1533

Babylonical1535

papish1538

Romish1538

papistic1545

west1549

catholic1554

mass-monging1556

western1562

Latin1564

Babylonian1567

Babylonish1570

Romish Catholic?1570

Romanist1572

Roman Catholic1587

papala1593

pseudo-catholical1601

Babylonic1602

pseudo-Catholic1605

Romist1605

Romified1609

Babelish1610

papizing1612

pontifician1612

pontificial1614

Romulean1615

papized1639

Romanistical1646

Romanical1664

papagan1679

popish-like1689

Anglo-Roman1766

papicolar1811

Romanistic1829

pre-Reformation1855

papalistic1861

papalized1879

1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 123 Thabuse of the babylonian or dyabolicall secte of Rome, appeares so plainely in their detestable trade of liuinge.

1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies ii. vii. 28 The Babylonian baggage of Antichristian Ceremonies.

1643 F. Cheynell Sions Memento 33 Let us have no more Babylonian Ministers, Priests, (so they would be called).

1705 R. Blackmore Eliza ii. 47 From adult'rous Rome's unclean Embraces flew. They Babylonian Sorceries abhor'd, No longer Bread, instead of God, ador'd.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 41 The confused jargon of their Babylonian pulpits.

1854 P. Gell Revelation our Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ xi. 284 Public exposure of all the fornications of Babylonian popery.

1875 tr. E. Swedenborg Apocalypse Revealed (rev. ed.) II. (xvii. 3) §723 By the woman is signified the Roman Catholic or Babylonian religion.

†3. Purple; scarlet. Cf. sense A. 4. Obsolete. rare. [Perhaps with reference to the woman arrayed in these colours in Revelation 17:4.]

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > [adjective]

purpurine1300

purpurec1400

purple1415

purpurate?c1422

purple-coloured1567

porphyrite1601

purpie1651

purpurean1656

blattean1658

purpureal1708

porphyrous1798

Babylonian1846

1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) v. 41 Miss Tox..felt herself escorted up the steps, preceded by a cocked hat and a Babylonian collar.

Compounds

Babylonian captivity n. the captivity of the Israelites in Babylon, lasting from their deportation by Nebuchadnezzar (c586 b.c.) until their release by Cyrus the Great (c539 b.c.); (hence allusively) the exile of the papacy from Rome to Avignon,1309–77.

ΚΠ

[1535Babylonical captivity [see Babylonical adj. 1]. ]

1592 H. Broughton Apol. in Briefe Assertions To Rdr. sig. A^v From the end of the Babylonian captiuitie, the first seauen must be reckoned: and the last hath in it our Lords death.

1786 E. Apthorp Disc. Prophecy II. 247 This antichristian policy was checked by the great schism, A.1378–1428, which followed the lxx years' residence of the Popes at Avignon, A. 1305–1377, and their return from their Babylonian Captivity.

1862 J. A. Clarke What Prophets Foretold 271/2 Other expositors..find the fulfilment in the building of the second temple and the resettled condition of the Jews after the Babylonian captivity.

1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 380/1 It was probably during the Babylonian captivity that the synagogue became a national feature of Hebrew worship.

2000 A. Hastings in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 511/2 Pope Clement V, a Frenchman, acknowledged French dominance by settling in France, eventually at Avignon, where the popes remained for seventy years, a ‘Babylonian captivity’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	babylonian
释义	Babyloniann.adj. Brit. /ˌbabᵻˈləʊnɪən/, U.S. /ˌbæbəˈloʊniən/ Forms: 1500s–1600s Babilonian, 1500s– Babylonian, 1600s Babalonian. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin Babylōnius , -an suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin Babylōnius of Babylon, Babylonian ( < ancient Greek Βαβυλώνιος < Βαβυλών (see Babylon n.²) + -ιος , suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix. Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French babilonien , Middle French, French babylonien (noun) native or inhabitant of ancient Babylon (c1300 or earlier in Anglo-Norman in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from 1546; rare before mid 18th cent.), the dialect of Akkadian spoken in ancient Babylon (1838), (adjective) of or belonging to ancient Babylon (1550). With use as noun compare earlier Babylon n.¹ With use as adjective compare earlier Babylonish adj. A. n. 1. a. A native or inhabitant of the ancient city of Babylon (now in Iraq), or the ancient Babylonian Empire. historical. ΚΠ 1534 tr. L. Valla Treat. Donation vnto Syluester iv. sig. kiii^v I suppose they dyd worshippe him for a god, euyn so as the Babylonians dyd worshippe another dragon. ?1542 M. Coverdale tr. Supplicacion vnto Kyng Ferdinandus To Rdr. Shame those wycked Babilonians & sedicious Coraites, that disturbe all ordinaunces of God. 1579 J. Jones Arte preseruing Bodie & Soule i. xix. 37 The Assyrians and Babilonians boughte their wiues.., but after vsed mariages, regarding therewith their Prolataries, as the Spartanes didde them that begatte their men children. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 627 The Babilonians and the Alexandrians loued diuersity of colours in their garments. 1656 J. Smith Myst. Rhetorique Unvail'd 149 Thus in Joel 2. from 1. to the 12. ver. you have a most lively Rhetorical Prosopopoeical description of the terrible Army of the Babylonians. a1727 I. Newton Chronol. Anc. Kingdoms Amended (1728) iii. 292 The two collateral Empires of the Babylonians and Medes. 1743 Gentleman's Mag. May 247/1 Some Time after the Deluge, the Babylonians put this invention in Practice. 1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xlviii. 590 The observations attributed to Hermes indicate a date seven hundred years earlier than those of the Babylonians. 1862 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) 21 527 We find mentioned in the Nabathean Agriculture two principal festivals of the Babylonians: one..celebrated on the first of Nisan or April. 1921 G. A. F. Knight Nile & Jordan iii. 31 The still earlier non-Semitic Akkadian civilization which the dynastic Babylonians dethroned. 1956 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 7 87 Transliterations would have been a great help to a Babylonian in enabling him to read ideograms and to determine the value of polyphonous signs. 2005 L. Holford-Strevens Hist. Time i. 2 The Jewish and Muslim day is counted from sunset, as it was by the ancient Greeks and Babylonians. b. An astrologer. rare (now historical).With reference to the Babylonian development of astrology. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > astrology > judicial astrology > [noun] > person astrologera1382 castera1382 astronomera1387 planetist1509 horoscoper1561 figure-caster1584 figure-flinger1587 philomath1611 judiciary1618 planetary1625 astromancer1652 astromantic1652 configurator1652 horoscopist1652 planetarian1652 Babylonian1677 1677 R. Gilpin Dæmonol. Sacra ii. iv. 248 For from good Bishops..they are become incurable Babylonians. 2007 P. Parsons City Sharp-nosed Fish xi. 186 Astrology too,..had its roots in the same area, as indeed Greeks and Romans acknowledged by using ‘Chaldaean’ and ‘Babylonian’ as synonyms of ‘astrologer’. †2. derogatory. A Roman Catholic; (occasionally) the Roman Catholic Church. Obsolete.Chiefly with reference to Revelation 14–18. See Babylon n.² 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > person > [noun] papist1528 Romanist1534 Roman1537 Romist1543 papistic1545 popestant1549 flesh-maker1551 mass-monger1551 Romish1551 Pope catholicc1554 popeling1563 catholic1570 Romish Catholic1571 popera1577 Pope worshipper1579 papane1581 Roman Catholic1581 Cacolike1582 Cartholic1582 papisha1595 Babylonian1603 papal1611 popinian1613 Papalin1616 Romulist1620 papicolist1633 western1640 papagan1641 universalist1644 red-letter man1677 RC1691 Azymite1728 papalist1752 craw-thumper1786 catholicist1812 papisher1817 pontifical1832 Romanite1839 dogan1847 mickey1851 redneck1852 mackerel-snatcher1855 Latin1867 Romanensian1885 Roman candle1897 Mick1902 Mick Dooley1905 Mickey Doo1905 left-footer1911 Pape1927 right-footer1929 Doolan1940 tyke1941 Tim1958 mackerel-snapper1960 Teague1971 Mickey Doolan1972 1603 H. Clapham Epist. vpon present Pestilence v. sig. B3 The sword of Romish Babilonians was prest to haue bene drawen within and without vs. 1644 J. Vicars Babylons Beautie 30 The Lord Jesus Christ, most graciously invites all his poore people (whom though mixed among the Romish Babylonians, he hath a purpose to save). 1765 ‘Rabby Shylock’ Jew Apologist ii. xii. 154 Usurping Nimrods, then s—d—m—tes, then Egyptian wizzards, and Abedons next, Incurable Babylonians, infine, Are popes epithets. 1797 R. Southey Lett. from Spain vi. 72 Here the Babylonian [= Roman Catholic priest] walks the street in full dress scarlet. 1865 L. Gage & J. H. W. Stuckenberg tr. K. R. Hagenbach German Rationalism xiii. 159 The Papists, represented by the word Babylonians, had gone on until the day of judgment with their masses and their worship of images. 3. †a. The Aramaic language. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [noun] > Semitic > Akkadian Babylonian1789 Akkadian1873 1684 tr. R. Simon Crit. Hist. Old Test. ii. xviii. 128 Thus they mix'd the Hebrew and Babylonian Language.] 1789 G. Campbell in tr. Four Gospels II. Pref. 20 Calling the language they had adopted Chaldee, Babylonian, or even the language of Aram. b. The dialect of Akkadian spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient Babylonian Empire. historical. ΚΠ 1870 G. C. Swayne Herodotus v. 78 It is in three languages—old Persian, Babylonian, and Scythian. 1888 A. H. Sayce Hittites ii. 23 At that time Babylonian was the international language. 1908 Jewish Q. Rev. 20 498 It is now established that Babylonian was the diplomatic language of the period. 1927 Times 19 May 13/5 The record was found engraven in three languages—Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian. 1987 C. B. F. Walker Cuneiform i. 16 Anything written in Babylonian or Assyrian can equally be said to be written in Akkadian. 1991 C. B. Boyer & U. C. Merzbach Hist. Math. (ed. 2) ii. 10 It was discovered that the Behistun Cliff carried a trilingual account of the victory of Darius over Cambyses, the inscriptions being in Persian, Elamitic and Babylonian. †4. A shade of purple. Cf. sense B. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > [noun] > other purples amarant1690 plum colour1714 mulberry colour1776 plum1873 Babylonian1882 heliotrope1882 mulberry1882 helio1894 aubergine1895 orchid1923 1882 Househ. Words 14 Jan. 234/1 Some exquisite purple shades are shown, the leading colour being called Alexandria, a brilliant and rich shade; next to which comes Babylonian, bishop's purple, and lilac. B. adj. 1. a. Of, from, or belonging to the ancient city of Babylon (now in Iraq), or the ancient Babylonian Empire. historical. ΚΠ 1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. v. f. 58^v Laste in ordre came the Babilonian horsemen [L. equites Babylonii]. 1588 J. de Frégeville Reformed Politicke 86 Cirus wrought great matters with smal power, but that came to passe because the same was the reuolution of the Babylonian Empire. 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 29 All set forward..imagining that by sun-set they should reach to Villages of the Babylonian Territorie. 1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. ii. vii. 206 It is not improbable..that some modern Samaritan compil'd it chiefly out of the different copies of the Palestinian and Babylonian Jews. 1793 J. Hely tr. R. O'Flaherty Ogygia II. iii. xxx. 89 There were seventy-two matricular Babylonian tongues. 1834 Penny Cycl. II. 397/2 The Babylonian characters, on account of their rude shape, are often called nail-headed. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 43 The policy of transplanting nations..was adopted, as a regular part of Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian policy. 1901 A. Lang Magic & Relig. 134 The mock-king who was annually killed at the Babylonian festival of the Sacæa. 1952 H. H. Gerth & D. A. Martindale tr. M. Weber Anc. Judaism i. i. 6 The rise to political prominence of Babylonian power at the end of the third millenium [of the Hebrew calendar]. 1995 Q. Jrnl. Royal Astron. Soc. 36 113 Before the use of Greek mathematics, Babylonian astrologers relied primarily on harmonic analysis. b. Characteristic of Babylon or its inhabitants; spec. (a) huge, gigantic; (b) decadent, indulgent. Also: = Babelish adj. 2.With the sense ‘huge, gigantic’, cf. Babel n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > largeness > [adjective] > huge unmeeteOE unmeetlyOE hugea1275 hideousc1330 infinitec1385 unmeasureda1398 unmeasurablec1405 hugyc1420 immeasurable1440 ingentc1450 unmeetlyc1450 giant1480 immense1490 monstrous?a1513 unmeasurely1513 hugeousa1529 unportable1537 enormous1544 enormc1560 giantly1561 immensible1579 rouncival1582 dismeasured1584 vast1585 immeasured1590 gargantuan1596 omnipotent1596 colossian1601 immane1601 prodigious1601 Polyphemian1602 Titanian1603 titanical1603 gigantical1604 immensive1604 gigantine1605 colossic1607 gigantean1611 Gogmagotical1612 gigantal?1614 Babylonian1617 leviathan1625 titanic1628 elephantine1631 gigantive1638 colossean1644 decumanal1652 immensurate1654 gigant1658 decuman1659 colossal1664 abnormous1710 Brobdingnagian1728 Brobdingnag1731 Pantagruelian1737 heroic1785 Patagonian1786 seven-league1787 Titan1793 gigantic1797 seven-leagued1799 mammoth1801 dimensionless1813 tremendous1813 gigantesque1821 monster1837 titanesque1838 monstre1840 giantlike1847 leviathanic1848 pythonic1851 Babylonic1853 supercolossal1871 giantesque1909 behemothian1910 supergiant1919 ginormous1942 big-ass1945 Ozymandian1961 fuck-off1962 mega1968 humongous1970 monstro1970 big-assed1972 big-arsed1996 1617 in F. J. Furnivall Harrison's Descr. Eng. (1908) IV. 280 Many good Lawes have been made against this Babylonian confusion. a1657 R. Lovelace Poems (1864) 201 A great cathedral in the sea, Under whose Babylonian walls A small thin frigot almshouse stalls? 1757 E. Kimber Juvenile Adventures David Ranger (ed. 2) I. i. 8 To compose her to rest a Babylonian confusion of sounds was heard. 1856 T. De Quincey Confessions Eng. Opium-eater (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay V. 131 No huge Babylonian centres of commerce towered into the clouds. 1859 Once a Week 17 Dec. 522/2 Looking back in these pages, they seem so unusual as to read like a romance. Gardens on our housetops! Babylonian luxuries! 1896 E. A. Vizetelly tr. E. Zola Rome viii. 251 Then came an attempt to make quite a little city, with..colossal mansions three and four storeys high, displaying uniform and endless façades which made these new excentral quarters quite Babylonian. 1922 G. K. Chesterton What I saw in Amer. 23 But it was not merely the Babylonian size and scale of such things, it was the way in which they are used. 1978 W. K. Everson Amer. Silent Film vi. 92 The huge Babylonian set sprawled over more than 250 acres of Hollywood. 2001 New Yorker 20 Jan. 95/1 Emboldened by his success..the young British director has gone for the big one: Babylonian budget, sweeping locations, dazzling deployment of multiple cameras. †2. derogatory. Of, relating to, or belonging to the Roman Catholic Church; Roman Catholic. Obsolete.Chiefly with reference to Revelation 14–18. See Babylon n.² 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Roman Catholicism > [adjective] RomanisheOE Laterana1400 Romana1500 papistical1527 popish1528 antichristian1532 pontifical1533 Babylonical1535 papish1538 Romish1538 papistic1545 west1549 catholic1554 catholic1554 mass-monging1556 western1562 Latin1564 Babylonian1567 Babylonish1570 Romish Catholic?1570 Romanist1572 Roman Catholic1587 papala1593 pseudo-catholical1601 Babylonic1602 pseudo-Catholic1605 Romist1605 Romified1609 Babelish1610 papizing1612 pontifician1612 pontificial1614 Romulean1615 papized1639 Romanistical1646 Romanical1664 papagan1679 popish-like1689 Anglo-Roman1766 papicolar1811 Romanistic1829 pre-Reformation1855 papalistic1861 papalized1879 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Certaine Tragicall Disc. f. 123 Thabuse of the babylonian or dyabolicall secte of Rome, appeares so plainely in their detestable trade of liuinge. 1637 G. Gillespie Dispute against Eng.-Popish Ceremonies ii. vii. 28 The Babylonian baggage of Antichristian Ceremonies. 1643 F. Cheynell Sions Memento 33 Let us have no more Babylonian Ministers, Priests, (so they would be called). 1705 R. Blackmore Eliza ii. 47 From adult'rous Rome's unclean Embraces flew. They Babylonian Sorceries abhor'd, No longer Bread, instead of God, ador'd. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 41 The confused jargon of their Babylonian pulpits. View more context for this quotation 1854 P. Gell Revelation our Lord & Saviour Jesus Christ xi. 284 Public exposure of all the fornications of Babylonian popery. 1875 tr. E. Swedenborg Apocalypse Revealed (rev. ed.) II. (xvii. 3) §723 By the woman is signified the Roman Catholic or Babylonian religion. †3. Purple; scarlet. Cf. sense A. 4. Obsolete. rare. [Perhaps with reference to the woman arrayed in these colours in Revelation 17:4.] ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > purple or purpleness > [adjective] purpurine1300 purpurec1400 purple1415 purpurate?c1422 purple-coloured1567 porphyrite1601 purpie1651 purpurean1656 blattean1658 purpureal1708 porphyrous1798 Babylonian1846 1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) v. 41 Miss Tox..felt herself escorted up the steps, preceded by a cocked hat and a Babylonian collar. Compounds Babylonian captivity n. the captivity of the Israelites in Babylon, lasting from their deportation by Nebuchadnezzar (c586 b.c.) until their release by Cyrus the Great (c539 b.c.); (hence allusively) the exile of the papacy from Rome to Avignon,1309–77. ΚΠ [1535Babylonical captivity [see Babylonical adj. 1]. ] 1592 H. Broughton Apol. in Briefe Assertions To Rdr. sig. A^v From the end of the Babylonian captiuitie, the first seauen must be reckoned: and the last hath in it our Lords death. 1786 E. Apthorp Disc. Prophecy II. 247 This antichristian policy was checked by the great schism, A.1378–1428, which followed the lxx years' residence of the Popes at Avignon, A. 1305–1377, and their return from their Babylonian Captivity. 1862 J. A. Clarke What Prophets Foretold 271/2 Other expositors..find the fulfilment in the building of the second temple and the resettled condition of the Jews after the Babylonian captivity. 1912 Catholic Encycl. XIV. 380/1 It was probably during the Babylonian captivity that the synagogue became a national feature of Hebrew worship. 2000 A. Hastings in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 511/2 Pope Clement V, a Frenchman, acknowledged French dominance by settling in France, eventually at Avignon, where the popes remained for seventy years, a ‘Babylonian captivity’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1534
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