mortificationn.

Brit.

/ˌmɔːtᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌmɔrdəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English mortificacioun, Middle English mortificacyoun, Middle English mortyfycacioun, Middle English–1500s mortificacion, Middle English–1500s mortyfycacyon, 1500s mortificatione, 1500s mortifycacyon, 1500s mortifycation, 1500s– mortification; Scottish pre-1700 morteficacion, pre-1700 morteficacione, pre-1700 morteficacioun, pre-1700 morteficacioune, pre-1700 morteficatione, pre-1700 mortificacion, pre-1700 mortificacione, pre-1700 mortificacioun, pre-1700 mortificacioune, pre-1700 mortificatione, pre-1700 mortificatioun, pre-1700 mortificatioune, pre-1700 mortificatiounn, pre-1700 mortificatiovn, pre-1700 1700s– mortification.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French mortification; Latin mortification-, mortificatio.

Etymology: < Middle French, French mortification (12th cent. in Old French as a term in spiritual discourse, 14th cent. in sense ‘action of mortifying the body’, 1552 in sense ‘necrosis, gangrene’, 1627 in sense ‘chagrin’, 1690 in alchemical sense) and its etymon post-classical Latin mortification-, mortificatio the action of mortifying the body (Vetus Latina; from c600 in British sources), the act of alienating in mortmain (13th cent.; from 1312 in British sources), necrosis, gangrene (from c1200 in British sources), (in alchemy) destruction or neutralization of the active quality of a substance (from 1267 in British sources) < mortificat- , past participial stem of mortificare mortify v. + -io -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian mortificazione (14th cent.), Catalan mortificació (14th cent.), Spanish mortificación (1438), Portuguese mortificaçao (16th cent.).

I. Senses relating to the body.

1. In religious use: the action of mortifying the body, its appetites, etc.; the subjection or bringing under control of one's appetites and passions by the practice of austere living, esp. by the self-infliction or voluntary toleration of bodily pain or discomfort.

a. With of, as in mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, †sin, etc.).Now also in non-religious contexts (with allusion to religious sense).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [noun] > mortifying the flesh, etc.

mortifyingc1384

mortificationc1390

scleragogy1621

necrosis1706

crucifixiona1711

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [noun]

afflictionc1330

mortifyingc1384

mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, sin, etc.)c1390

mortificationa1500

self-mortification1586

necrosis1706

crucifixiona1711

asceticism1845

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 1080 This blisful regne may men purchace by pouerte espirituel..and the lyf by deeth and mortificacioun [v.r. mortificacion] of synne.

?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 222 Hem þat putten her desier moore to suffre bodily peyne þan in mortificacyoun or distriynge of her owne wille.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 327 (MED) Mortyfycacioun off the body.

1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 1^v Goostly exercyse, or mortifycacyon of the senses.

c1535 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Prol. to Rom. 342 Thann exhorttis he to gude werkis, and vnto contynewall mortificatiounn of fleische.

1671 J. Tillotson Serm. 219 Mortification of our lusts and passions, though..it have something in it that is troublesome, yet [etc.].

1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit iv. viii. 483 The Foundation of all Mortification of Sin, is from the Inhabitation of the Spirit in us.

1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. ii. p. x Saints, who for the good of their souls, and the mortification of their bodies, have voluntarily yielded themselves a prey to vermin.

1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. II. xvii. 221 Self-denial, mortification of life, bearing our cross, are especially insisted on by Christ.

1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 287 The stern, imperturbable warrior, after fasting, solitude, and mortification of body, comes to the white man's lodge.

1908 E. F. Benson Climber 63 A remarkably interesting curate of St. Faith's, who wore a rope round his chest for the purposes of mortification of his flesh.

1958 J. K. Galbraith Affluent Society i. 1 This poverty..was the unedifying mortification of the flesh—from hunger, sickness, and cold.

1982 ‘L. Cody’ Bad Company ii. 18 I'm telling you, girl, there's no virtue in any mortification, either of the flesh or the spirit.

1992 18th-cent. Stud. 25 544 The rise in the nineteenth century of clinical medicine, the new forum for the mortification of the body.

b. Without of.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [noun]

afflictionc1330

mortifyingc1384

mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, sin, etc.)c1390

mortificationa1500

self-mortification1586

necrosis1706

crucifixiona1711

asceticism1845

a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 106 It is a gret lette þat man abidiþ in signes & sensible þinges & takiþ litel cure of parfit mortificacion [L. mortificatione].

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iv. ii. sig. Vv.v/2 But we in this disputation of ours, will vse Repentaunce for a conuerting or turning to the Lord..for mortification, and the beginning to leade a newe life.

a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 101 It is Lent: a time of Mortification.

1657 J. Trapp Comm. Psalms lxii. 8 Give not over the practice of Mortification untill you feel your hearts part asunder in your bosoms.

1709 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 9 Mar. (1965) I. 2 I must content myself with reckoning it one of the mortifications proper to this devout time.

1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) iii. 66 Ye eat and swill, and sleep..while we are wasting in mortification.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. i. 109 A Bramin..after having passed through a period of solitude and mortification as an anchoret.

1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 201 He destroyed his health by his austerity and mortifications.

1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights II. 200 A wintry sentiment, a thought of prayer and mortification, took hold upon Elvira's mind.

1948 W. S. Maugham Catalina viii The reward of prayer, fasting, mortification and a life devoted to the service of God.

1980 Dædalus Spring 103 Repressed Hindus rejoice in myths of extreme forms of ascetic yogic mortification.

2. Death of part of the body, esp. of an extremity; localized necrosis of tissue; gangrene; an instance of this. Also (rare): withering or blight of a plant. Now archaic or historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > alteration of tissue > necrosis

gangrenea1400

mortification?a1425

slayinga1425

superfluence?a1425

death?c1425

necrosis1583

sphacelus1585

gangrenation1598

sideration1625

sphacel1634

necrosy1657

sphacelation1657

necrobiosis1860

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 27^v Among þe most flegmonez is called cancrena, beyng mortificacioun of þe pacient particle;..Auicen putteþ difference atuix þam bi grete or liȝt mortificacioun.

1526 Grete Herball ccclviii. sig. Tvi^v/1 Palma christi..is not put in vse of medycyne by cause of the mortification that it gyueth.

1555 E. Bonner Certaine Homelyes 69 Mortification, putrifaction, and other suche lyke thinges.

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 2/3 There ensuethe a Gangræna or mortificatione.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 540 A seuerall kind of blasting or mortification there is besides in vines..which is called Roratio.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 122 A gangrene properly signifies the mortification of some carnose part by reason of an inflammation.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 98 Pickling, that is to say, throwing Salt and Vinegar on the Back after the whipping..'tis certainly the Way to prevent Mortification.

1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 122 He died..of a mortification in his leg.

1825 Lancet 1 Jan. 455/2 It [sc. the part] is not only deprived of life, but it is changed in appearance; it is a black, fibrous, homogeneous mass;..this is mortification.

1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) i. i. 3 In parts of inferior vascularity, like tendons, fasciæ, &c. inflammation readily occasions mortification.

1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. i. 36 Mortification of any part of the body signifies its death.

1973 J. G. Farrell Siege of Krishnapur xiii. 176 Another twelve hours and the dark hue of mortification had already spread over half the palm.

†3. Deadening or destruction of vital or active qualities; an instance of this. In later use: spec. a state of torpor and insensibility preceding death. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > [noun] > making (immaterial things) weak > deadening of active qualities

mortification?1537

the world > life > death > [noun] > point of > condition at

mortification1654

moribundity1842

?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe iv. viii. f. 81 The coloures of uryne..Leddy colour..Blacke as horne..Mortification or deth excepte it be in pourgynge of melancoly.

1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth ii. sig. B.iii^v Mortyfycacyon of the vytall, and anymall, and spyrytuall powers.

1596 J. Norden Speculum Brit. 11 There seemeth a mortification of the nedles vertue, which staggereth vncertainly.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 25 Inchoate mortifications lessening the horrour of (that must-be-done) Dying.

1706 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels III. 259 The Mortification of some old, and quickening of some contrary Principle, in a spiritual Sense.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet 367 A sudden Remission of the Pain, with cold Sweats [etc.]..are Signs of a Mortification and approaching Death.

1770 T. Gray Let. 25 Nov. in Corr. (1971) III. 1151 If a mortification does not come to release her, [she] may lie in this agony for months.

II. In extended uses.

4. Chiefly Scots Law. The disposal of property for religious, or (since the Reformation) other charitable or public purposes; an instance of such disposal, the document embodying this. Also: property given for such purposes; proceeds or funds resulting from such a gift. Cf. mortmain n. Now historical.

ΚΠ

1405 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 37 (MED) Thei shul be done atte the costagez of the forsaide Baillies and Brugeis and Comuners, als wele of mortificac [i] oun ȝif it nede, as ony thyng.

1459 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 26/1 Quhylkis confirmationis contenis..santens of excommunicatioun apone all thaim that brekkys the said mortificacioun.

1498 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1888) XI. 81 (note) We haue gevin and perpetualy mortifyt to the cathedrale kirk of Orkna..the..ile of Burra..as our charter of gift and mortification..mar fullily purportis.

1515 Justiciary Rec. III. 374 xx markis of annuale of the landis of Myrton gevin to the kirk of Quhithorn but mortification.

1611 in J. M. Thomson Inventory Documents Scrymgeour Family Estates (1912) 14 Mortificatioun of ane tenement..in favouris of St. Stephanes alterage.

a1662 T. Craufurd Acct. Univ. Edinb. f. 21 According to the contract of mortification betuix him and the good toun.

1690 in C. Innes Fasti Aberdonenses (1854) 364 With the doubles of the severall mortificationes belonging to the said colledge.

1701 W. Paterson Proposals Council of Trade 8 All Gifts, Charities, and Mortifications already given, or to be given, and appropriated to the Poor.

1775 L. Shaw Hist. Moray 325 Mortifications for the poor are L. 650 Scots.

1858 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 2) 58 One of the bailies died and left it [sc. a hospital] 10,000 pounds, which was really a great mortification.

1863 A. H. Charteris Life J. Robertson ii. 22 A deed of mortification.

1897 J. Willcock Shetland Minister 52 It is gratifying to know that this ‘mortification’ still exists and is applied to the charitable purposes for which it was left.

1933 E. S. Haldane Scotl. of our Fathers 134 The gifts to hospitals (or ‘mortifications’ as they were called)..are quite remarkable for a country still as poor as was Scotland early last century.

5. The feeling of disappointment, vexation, or humiliation caused by an untoward accident or (now usually) some rebuff, slight, or awkward or embarrassing situation. Also: an instance of this; a cause or source of such humiliation or chagrin.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [noun]

bismerc893

humiliationc1386

lowinga1398

dejectionc1450

avale?a1513

depression?1531

embasing1551

abasement1561

debasement1593

mortification1598

exinanitiona1631

demissiona1638

dejectment1656

depressure1656

dismounting1677

letting down1827

take-down1858

snubbing1861

scoring1893

deflation1958

1598 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1896) I. 101 None of them would vouchsaf to speak w^th them..and this mortification hath ben no litle one vnto these men.

1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cccxxvii. 285 It is one of the most vexatious Mortifications perhaps, of..a Studious Mans Life to have his Thoughts disorder'd..by the Importunity of a Tedious..Visit.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. ii. 15 We had the mortification to be forty days in our passage.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xvi. 115 Let them spare us..the mortification of being amused and deluded like children.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 75 He continued to offer his advice daily, and had the mortification to find it daily rejected.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton iii. 31 A blush of shame and exceeding mortification.

1908 J. London Martin Eden xxix. 261 Martin was bewildered by the tears of mortification he saw in her eyes.

1955 L. P. Hartley Perfect Woman i. 9 Fifteen hundred a year? Four thousand, five? To his mortification he could not narrow the bracket.

1984 N. Annan Leslie Stephen (1986) iii. 114 He had the mortification of being advised to retire from the bench.

†6. Chemistry and Alchemy. Chemical alteration of the form of a metal; destruction or neutralization of the activity of a chemical substance. Cf. mortify v. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > mortification

mortification1605

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. ii. 44 The sole elements, separated from those three beginnings, doe bring nothing but impurities, corruption, and mortification.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. v. sig. F Sub. And when comes Viuification? Fac. After Mortification .

1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Mortification..that by which Mixts are as it were destroyed, and lose the vertues of their first nature, to acquire others more efficacious by the help of revivification.

Compounds

mortification root n. now rare the marsh mallow, Althaea officinalis.

ΚΠ

1876 C. E. Hobbs Bot. Hand-bk. 71 Mortification root, Marsh mallow root, Althaea officinalis.

1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal II. 508/2 The powdered or crushed fresh roots make a good poultice that will remove the most obstinate inflammation and prevent mortification. Its efficacy in this direction has earned for it the name of Mortification Root.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mortification
释义	mortificationn. Brit. /ˌmɔːtᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌmɔrdəfəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English mortificacioun, Middle English mortificacyoun, Middle English mortyfycacioun, Middle English–1500s mortificacion, Middle English–1500s mortyfycacyon, 1500s mortificatione, 1500s mortifycacyon, 1500s mortifycation, 1500s– mortification; Scottish pre-1700 morteficacion, pre-1700 morteficacione, pre-1700 morteficacioun, pre-1700 morteficacioune, pre-1700 morteficatione, pre-1700 mortificacion, pre-1700 mortificacione, pre-1700 mortificacioun, pre-1700 mortificacioune, pre-1700 mortificatione, pre-1700 mortificatioun, pre-1700 mortificatioune, pre-1700 mortificatiounn, pre-1700 mortificatiovn, pre-1700 1700s– mortification. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French mortification; Latin mortification-, mortificatio. Etymology: < Middle French, French mortification (12th cent. in Old French as a term in spiritual discourse, 14th cent. in sense ‘action of mortifying the body’, 1552 in sense ‘necrosis, gangrene’, 1627 in sense ‘chagrin’, 1690 in alchemical sense) and its etymon post-classical Latin mortification-, mortificatio the action of mortifying the body (Vetus Latina; from c600 in British sources), the act of alienating in mortmain (13th cent.; from 1312 in British sources), necrosis, gangrene (from c1200 in British sources), (in alchemy) destruction or neutralization of the active quality of a substance (from 1267 in British sources) < mortificat- , past participial stem of mortificare mortify v. + -io -ion suffix¹. Compare Italian mortificazione (14th cent.), Catalan mortificació (14th cent.), Spanish mortificación (1438), Portuguese mortificaçao (16th cent.). I. Senses relating to the body. 1. In religious use: the action of mortifying the body, its appetites, etc.; the subjection or bringing under control of one's appetites and passions by the practice of austere living, esp. by the self-infliction or voluntary toleration of bodily pain or discomfort. a. With of, as in mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, †sin, etc.).Now also in non-religious contexts (with allusion to religious sense). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [noun] > mortifying the flesh, etc. mortifyingc1384 mortificationc1390 scleragogy1621 necrosis1706 crucifixiona1711 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [noun] afflictionc1330 mortifyingc1384 mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, sin, etc.)c1390 mortificationa1500 self-mortification1586 necrosis1706 crucifixiona1711 asceticism1845 c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 1080 This blisful regne may men purchace by pouerte espirituel..and the lyf by deeth and mortificacioun [v.r. mortificacion] of synne. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena Orcherd of Syon (Harl.) (1966) 222 Hem þat putten her desier moore to suffre bodily peyne þan in mortificacyoun or distriynge of her owne wille. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 327 (MED) Mortyfycacioun off the body. 1526 Pylgrimage of Perfection (de Worde) f. 1^v Goostly exercyse, or mortifycacyon of the senses. c1535 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1905) III. Prol. to Rom. 342 Thann exhorttis he to gude werkis, and vnto contynewall mortificatiounn of fleische. 1671 J. Tillotson Serm. 219 Mortification of our lusts and passions, though..it have something in it that is troublesome, yet [etc.]. 1674 J. Owen Disc. Holy Spirit iv. viii. 483 The Foundation of all Mortification of Sin, is from the Inhabitation of the Spirit in us. 1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. ii. p. x Saints, who for the good of their souls, and the mortification of their bodies, have voluntarily yielded themselves a prey to vermin. 1836 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. II. xvii. 221 Self-denial, mortification of life, bearing our cross, are especially insisted on by Christ. 1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 287 The stern, imperturbable warrior, after fasting, solitude, and mortification of body, comes to the white man's lodge. 1908 E. F. Benson Climber 63 A remarkably interesting curate of St. Faith's, who wore a rope round his chest for the purposes of mortification of his flesh. 1958 J. K. Galbraith Affluent Society i. 1 This poverty..was the unedifying mortification of the flesh—from hunger, sickness, and cold. 1982 ‘L. Cody’ Bad Company ii. 18 I'm telling you, girl, there's no virtue in any mortification, either of the flesh or the spirit. 1992 18th-cent. Stud. 25 544 The rise in the nineteenth century of clinical medicine, the new forum for the mortification of the body. b. Without of. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > [noun] afflictionc1330 mortifyingc1384 mortification of (the) body (also flesh, senses, sin, etc.)c1390 mortificationa1500 self-mortification1586 necrosis1706 crucifixiona1711 asceticism1845 a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 106 It is a gret lette þat man abidiþ in signes & sensible þinges & takiþ litel cure of parfit mortificacion [L. mortificatione]. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iv. ii. sig. Vv.v/2 But we in this disputation of ours, will vse Repentaunce for a conuerting or turning to the Lord..for mortification, and the beginning to leade a newe life. a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 101 It is Lent: a time of Mortification. 1657 J. Trapp Comm. Psalms lxii. 8 Give not over the practice of Mortification untill you feel your hearts part asunder in your bosoms. 1709 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 9 Mar. (1965) I. 2 I must content myself with reckoning it one of the mortifications proper to this devout time. 1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) iii. 66 Ye eat and swill, and sleep..while we are wasting in mortification. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India I. ii. i. 109 A Bramin..after having passed through a period of solitude and mortification as an anchoret. 1848 A. Jameson Sacred & Legendary Art (1850) 201 He destroyed his health by his austerity and mortifications. 1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights II. 200 A wintry sentiment, a thought of prayer and mortification, took hold upon Elvira's mind. 1948 W. S. Maugham Catalina viii The reward of prayer, fasting, mortification and a life devoted to the service of God. 1980 Dædalus Spring 103 Repressed Hindus rejoice in myths of extreme forms of ascetic yogic mortification. 2. Death of part of the body, esp. of an extremity; localized necrosis of tissue; gangrene; an instance of this. Also (rare): withering or blight of a plant. Now archaic or historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > alteration of tissue > necrosis gangrenea1400 mortification?a1425 slayinga1425 superfluence?a1425 death?c1425 necrosis1583 sphacelus1585 gangrenation1598 sideration1625 sphacel1634 necrosy1657 sphacelation1657 necrobiosis1860 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 27^v Among þe most flegmonez is called cancrena, beyng mortificacioun of þe pacient particle;..Auicen putteþ difference atuix þam bi grete or liȝt mortificacioun. 1526 Grete Herball ccclviii. sig. Tvi^v/1 Palma christi..is not put in vse of medycyne by cause of the mortification that it gyueth. 1555 E. Bonner Certaine Homelyes 69 Mortification, putrifaction, and other suche lyke thinges. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. 2/3 There ensuethe a Gangræna or mortificatione. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 540 A seuerall kind of blasting or mortification there is besides in vines..which is called Roratio. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 122 A gangrene properly signifies the mortification of some carnose part by reason of an inflammation. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 98 Pickling, that is to say, throwing Salt and Vinegar on the Back after the whipping..'tis certainly the Way to prevent Mortification. 1779 S. Johnson Dryden in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets III. 122 He died..of a mortification in his leg. 1825 Lancet 1 Jan. 455/2 It [sc. the part] is not only deprived of life, but it is changed in appearance; it is a black, fibrous, homogeneous mass;..this is mortification. 1826 S. Cooper First Lines Pract. Surg. (ed. 5) i. i. 3 In parts of inferior vascularity, like tendons, fasciæ, &c. inflammation readily occasions mortification. 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. i. 36 Mortification of any part of the body signifies its death. 1973 J. G. Farrell Siege of Krishnapur xiii. 176 Another twelve hours and the dark hue of mortification had already spread over half the palm. †3. Deadening or destruction of vital or active qualities; an instance of this. In later use: spec. a state of torpor and insensibility preceding death. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > lack of violence, severity, or intensity > [noun] > making (immaterial things) weak > deadening of active qualities mortification?1537 the world > life > death > [noun] > point of > condition at mortification1654 moribundity1842 ?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe iv. viii. f. 81 The coloures of uryne..Leddy colour..Blacke as horne..Mortification or deth excepte it be in pourgynge of melancoly. 1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth ii. sig. B.iii^v Mortyfycacyon of the vytall, and anymall, and spyrytuall powers. 1596 J. Norden Speculum Brit. 11 There seemeth a mortification of the nedles vertue, which staggereth vncertainly. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 25 Inchoate mortifications lessening the horrour of (that must-be-done) Dying. 1706 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels III. 259 The Mortification of some old, and quickening of some contrary Principle, in a spiritual Sense. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet 367 A sudden Remission of the Pain, with cold Sweats [etc.]..are Signs of a Mortification and approaching Death. 1770 T. Gray Let. 25 Nov. in Corr. (1971) III. 1151 If a mortification does not come to release her, [she] may lie in this agony for months. II. In extended uses. 4. Chiefly Scots Law. The disposal of property for religious, or (since the Reformation) other charitable or public purposes; an instance of such disposal, the document embodying this. Also: property given for such purposes; proceeds or funds resulting from such a gift. Cf. mortmain n. Now historical. ΚΠ 1405 in H. M. Flasdieck Mittelengl. Originalurkunden (1926) 37 (MED) Thei shul be done atte the costagez of the forsaide Baillies and Brugeis and Comuners, als wele of mortificac [i] oun ȝif it nede, as ony thyng. 1459 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1875) XII. 26/1 Quhylkis confirmationis contenis..santens of excommunicatioun apone all thaim that brekkys the said mortificacioun. 1498 in J. Stuart & G. Burnett Exchequer Rolls Scotl. (1888) XI. 81 (note) We haue gevin and perpetualy mortifyt to the cathedrale kirk of Orkna..the..ile of Burra..as our charter of gift and mortification..mar fullily purportis. 1515 Justiciary Rec. III. 374 xx markis of annuale of the landis of Myrton gevin to the kirk of Quhithorn but mortification. 1611 in J. M. Thomson Inventory Documents Scrymgeour Family Estates (1912) 14 Mortificatioun of ane tenement..in favouris of St. Stephanes alterage. a1662 T. Craufurd Acct. Univ. Edinb. f. 21 According to the contract of mortification betuix him and the good toun. 1690 in C. Innes Fasti Aberdonenses (1854) 364 With the doubles of the severall mortificationes belonging to the said colledge. 1701 W. Paterson Proposals Council of Trade 8 All Gifts, Charities, and Mortifications already given, or to be given, and appropriated to the Poor. 1775 L. Shaw Hist. Moray 325 Mortifications for the poor are L. 650 Scots. 1858 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (ed. 2) 58 One of the bailies died and left it [sc. a hospital] 10,000 pounds, which was really a great mortification. 1863 A. H. Charteris Life J. Robertson ii. 22 A deed of mortification. 1897 J. Willcock Shetland Minister 52 It is gratifying to know that this ‘mortification’ still exists and is applied to the charitable purposes for which it was left. 1933 E. S. Haldane Scotl. of our Fathers 134 The gifts to hospitals (or ‘mortifications’ as they were called)..are quite remarkable for a country still as poor as was Scotland early last century. 5. The feeling of disappointment, vexation, or humiliation caused by an untoward accident or (now usually) some rebuff, slight, or awkward or embarrassing situation. Also: an instance of this; a cause or source of such humiliation or chagrin. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [noun] bismerc893 humiliationc1386 lowinga1398 dejectionc1450 avale?a1513 depression?1531 embasing1551 abasement1561 debasement1593 mortification1598 exinanitiona1631 demissiona1638 dejectment1656 depressure1656 dismounting1677 letting down1827 take-down1858 snubbing1861 scoring1893 deflation1958 1598 in T. G. Law Archpriest Controv. (1896) I. 101 None of them would vouchsaf to speak w^th them..and this mortification hath ben no litle one vnto these men. 1692 R. L'Estrange Fables cccxxvii. 285 It is one of the most vexatious Mortifications perhaps, of..a Studious Mans Life to have his Thoughts disorder'd..by the Importunity of a Tedious..Visit. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. ii. 15 We had the mortification to be forty days in our passage. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xvi. 115 Let them spare us..the mortification of being amused and deluded like children. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 75 He continued to offer his advice daily, and had the mortification to find it daily rejected. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton iii. 31 A blush of shame and exceeding mortification. 1908 J. London Martin Eden xxix. 261 Martin was bewildered by the tears of mortification he saw in her eyes. 1955 L. P. Hartley Perfect Woman i. 9 Fifteen hundred a year? Four thousand, five? To his mortification he could not narrow the bracket. 1984 N. Annan Leslie Stephen (1986) iii. 114 He had the mortification of being advised to retire from the bench. †6. Chemistry and Alchemy. Chemical alteration of the form of a metal; destruction or neutralization of the activity of a chemical substance. Cf. mortify v. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > mortification mortification1605 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. ii. 44 The sole elements, separated from those three beginnings, doe bring nothing but impurities, corruption, and mortification. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. v. sig. F Sub. And when comes Viuification? Fac. After Mortification . View more context for this quotation 1678 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Mortification..that by which Mixts are as it were destroyed, and lose the vertues of their first nature, to acquire others more efficacious by the help of revivification. Compounds mortification root n. now rare the marsh mallow, Althaea officinalis. ΚΠ 1876 C. E. Hobbs Bot. Hand-bk. 71 Mortification root, Marsh mallow root, Althaea officinalis. 1931 M. Grieve Mod. Herbal II. 508/2 The powdered or crushed fresh roots make a good poultice that will remove the most obstinate inflammation and prevent mortification. Its efficacy in this direction has earned for it the name of Mortification Root. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1390
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