mother tonguen.adj.

Brit.

/ˌmʌðə ˈtʌŋ/, U.S.

/ˌməðər ˈtəŋ/

Forms: see mother n.¹ and tongue n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: mother n.¹, tongue n.

Etymology: < mother n.¹ + tongue n. Probably originally a genitive compound with unmarked first element (compare mother language n.). Compare Old Icelandic móður-tunga . Compare mother's tongue n.

A. n.

1. One's native language; a first language. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language

lede-quidec1275

birth tonguea1387

mother languagea1425

mother tongue?a1425

vulgar1430

mother's languagec1443

mother's tongue1517

natural language1570

commona1616

natural1665

vernaculara1706

native1824

home language1833

first language1875

Umgangssprache1934

mameloshen1968

?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 315 Hit was ordeyned..þat men of lawe..fro þat tyme forth shold plede in her moder tunge.

a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 30 (MED) Þis corrupcioun of englysshe men yn þer modre-tounge, begunne..wt famylyar commixtion of Danys first & of Normannys aftir.

a1500 R. Henryson in tr. Æsop Fables Prol. l. 31 in Poems (1981) 4 In mother toung, of Latyng, I wald preif To mak ane maner of translatioun.

?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Aij The grekes the romayns with many other mo In their moder tonge wrot warkis excellent.

1589 Temporis Filia Veritas sig. Aiv^v God service in the mother tongue, so that now every Carter & Cobler can whistle and sing psalmes.

1605 R. Carew in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 100 In some [words] we buylde others not expressable in their mother tongue.

1640 Whole Bk. Psalmes: ‘Bay Psalm Bk.’ Pref. f. **^v No protestant doubteth but that all the bookes of the scripture should by Gods ordinance be extant in the mother tongue of each nation.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 87 To Bacchus therefore let us tune our Lays, And in our Mother Tongue resound his Praise.

1737 J. Lewis Life W. Caxton 60 The generous Endeavours of those two great Genius's, Chaucer and Gower, to polish and improve their Mother-tongue.

1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. vii. 32 The..just pronunciation of their mother-tongue.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 15 (note) His [sc. Shakespeare's] mother-tongue, the language of nature, is the same in Cappadocia and in Britain.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 179 ‘Why do you talk “Virginny”—that vile gibberish—whenever you are in high spirits?’ ‘It's my mother-tongue, sir; and when I'm very happy—very—I can't speak any other.’

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 17 The mother-tongue of the deaf and dumb, is the language of signs.

1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 34 Without the intervention of the mother tongue.

1910 G. C. Eggleston Recoll. 3 To us in the West, at least, all foreigners whose mother tongue was other than English were ‘Dutchmen’.

1943 National Geographic Mag. Dec. 689/1 Hindustani is the mother tongue for only 50 percent of the Indians who can speak that language.

1984 Times 5 Nov. 14/6 Imagine a city..endowed with all the superlatives... The most miles of traffic jam and the highest number of mother-tongues.

2. A language which gives rise to others; esp. one regarded as the source of a group or family of other languages, or (occasionally) as the source of all other languages. Cf. mother language n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages > antecedent or parent language

mother tongue1642

mother language1669

parent language1779

ancestor1822

Ursprache1908

proto-language1929

pre-language1961

1642 J. Howell Forraine Travell xii. 153 The German is one of the first mother tongues of Europe.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 180 The mother tongues of Europe are thirteen.

1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata ii. 303 The several..Mother-Tongues were made or fram'd by God in the Minds of those divided Parties.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Of Mother Tongues, Scaliger reckons ten in Europe.

1813 T. Jefferson Let. 16 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1300 And should the language of England continue stationary, we shall probably enlarge our employment of it, until its new character may separate it in name as well as in power, from the mother-tongue.

1848 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. (ed. 2) ii. iv. 83 It [sc. American English] was earliest separated from the mother-tongue.

1990 New Scientist 16 June 43/1 Some scholars claim to be able to see deeper links among these language families, eventually reaching back to a single language, or Mother Tongue.

B. adj. (attributive). Usually with hyphen.

a. Designating a work translated into or written in a person's mother tongue.

ΚΠ

1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. (1857) 256 The learning which lyes in mother-tongue translations.

1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 115 Refuse the Mother-tongue Translation, and call for the Spirit-tongue Original.

a1859 W. Watt Poems & Songs (1860) 227 Dame Pride..may cry, ‘Begone, Thou elf of foul sedition! Darest thou present..Thy mother-tongue petition?’

1917 A. A. Cock (title) Notes on the teaching of English on creative lines, as exemplified in ‘The Mother Tongue Series’.

1950 in M. M. Chambers Universities of World outside U.S.A. ii. 511 A recent survey of India listed 179 languages and 544 dialects... Mother-tongue translations of scientific works and textbooks were scarce or nonexistent.

2000 I. Kecskes & T. Papp Foreign Lang. & Mother Tongue v. 82 Some students followed their FL [= Foreign Language] language production in the mother tongue version and gave a kind of reproduction of the text they developed in the FL.

b. Of, using, or relating or belonging to, a person's native or first language.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > concerned with the native language

vernacular1844

mother tongue1912

1912 K. S. L. Guthrie (title) The mother-tongue method of teaching foreign languages.

1933 M. West On learning to speak Foreign Lang. ii. 6 The older child..is able (owing to his larger mother-tongue vocabulary) to identify more cognates in the case of allied languages.

1954 in Word 13 (1957) 214 Many..cannot read and write their mother-tongue languages.

1972 Language 48 237 He investigates the causal relationship of these variables to bilingualism and mother-tongue maintenance or shift.

1992 Internat. Rev. Applied Linguistics in Lang. Teaching 30 104 Although many children go abroad when they are young and learn enough of the language to survive, as soon as they return to their mother tongue environment, their language ability is soon lost.

2. Designating a person as a native speaker of a language; (Education) designating a person teaching students in their native language or involved in teaching his or her first language to non-native speakers.

ΚΠ

1945 Census of India, 1941: H. E. H. Nizami's Dominion's (Hyderabad State) XXI. i. 206 The number of Urdu speakers (mother-tongue)..has been as follows [etc.].

1954 in Word 13 (1957) 214 Lambadas nowhere constitute a majority.., and, therefore, no other mother-tongue group is forced to adopt their language.

1964 Sociol. of Educ. 37 310 Its mother tongue teachers have most frequently received training for their current assignments.

1971 Internat. Migration Rev. 5 228 Hindi is claimed as a subsidiary language by only 5.5% of the mother tongue speakers of the 13 major languages.

1985 Community Librarian Aug. 7 Each [authority]..already had a mother-tongue specialist in one of the five major Indic languages.

1994 Eng. Today Jan. 58/1 A book for mother-tongue teachers of English language.

3. Education. Designating the teaching of, or teaching carried out in, the native or first language of students.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > [adjective] > other methods of teaching

scholastical?a1475

scholastic1483

maieutic1656

maieutical1678

demonstrative1805

peripatetic1890

free activity1929

hypnopaedic1932

show-and-tell1945

audio-active1958

programmed1958

audio-lingual1959

mother tongue1960

immersion1965

distance-based1979

1960 Our First Half-cent., 1910–60 i. i. 151 This [sc. the South Africa Act of 1909] is the provision which made mother-tongue education possible as well as the development of separate language-medium schools.

1969 D. P. Pattanayak Aspects Appl. Linguistics 18 Comprehension and the organization of ideas are the two most important aspects of mother tongue teaching.

1973 F. J. du T. Spies in Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. VIII. 367 In 1908 Hertzog..introduced the so-called Hertzog Educational Bill in the Legislative Council, whereby..mother-tongue education was prescribed up to Std. IV, and equality of both languages thereafter.

1976 Educ. & Community Relations July–Aug. 4/1 The recent argument for and against mother tongue teaching has become obscured by discussion.

1987 New Nation (Johannesburg) 12 Feb. 4 The Tswana authorities refused their Sotho-speaking neighbours..mother-tongue instruction in schools under their control.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mother tongue
释义	mother tonguen.adj. Brit. /ˌmʌðə ˈtʌŋ/, U.S. /ˌməðər ˈtəŋ/ Forms: see mother n.¹ and tongue n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: mother n.¹, tongue n. Etymology: < mother n.¹ + tongue n. Probably originally a genitive compound with unmarked first element (compare mother language n.). Compare Old Icelandic móður-tunga . Compare mother's tongue n. A. n. 1. One's native language; a first language. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > native language lede-quidec1275 birth tonguea1387 mother languagea1425 mother tongue?a1425 vulgar1430 mother's languagec1443 mother's tongue1517 natural language1570 commona1616 natural1665 vernaculara1706 native1824 home language1833 first language1875 Umgangssprache1934 mameloshen1968 ?a1425 (a1400) Brut (Corpus Cambr.) 315 Hit was ordeyned..þat men of lawe..fro þat tyme forth shold plede in her moder tunge. a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 30 (MED) Þis corrupcioun of englysshe men yn þer modre-tounge, begunne..wt famylyar commixtion of Danys first & of Normannys aftir. a1500 R. Henryson in tr. Æsop Fables Prol. l. 31 in Poems (1981) 4 In mother toung, of Latyng, I wald preif To mak ane maner of translatioun. ?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Aij The grekes the romayns with many other mo In their moder tonge wrot warkis excellent. 1589 Temporis Filia Veritas sig. Aiv^v God service in the mother tongue, so that now every Carter & Cobler can whistle and sing psalmes. 1605 R. Carew in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) 100 In some [words] we buylde others not expressable in their mother tongue. 1640 Whole Bk. Psalmes: ‘Bay Psalm Bk.’ Pref. f. *^v No protestant doubteth but that all the bookes of the scripture should by Gods ordinance be extant in the mother tongue of each nation. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics* ii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 87 To Bacchus therefore let us tune our Lays, And in our Mother Tongue resound his Praise. View more context for this quotation 1737 J. Lewis Life W. Caxton 60 The generous Endeavours of those two great Genius's, Chaucer and Gower, to polish and improve their Mother-tongue. 1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. vii. 32 The..just pronunciation of their mother-tongue. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 15 (note) His [sc. Shakespeare's] mother-tongue, the language of nature, is the same in Cappadocia and in Britain. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan 179 ‘Why do you talk “Virginny”—that vile gibberish—whenever you are in high spirits?’ ‘It's my mother-tongue, sir; and when I'm very happy—very—I can't speak any other.’ 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind ii. 17 The mother-tongue of the deaf and dumb, is the language of signs. 1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 34 Without the intervention of the mother tongue. 1910 G. C. Eggleston Recoll. 3 To us in the West, at least, all foreigners whose mother tongue was other than English were ‘Dutchmen’. 1943 National Geographic Mag. Dec. 689/1 Hindustani is the mother tongue for only 50 percent of the Indians who can speak that language. 1984 Times 5 Nov. 14/6 Imagine a city..endowed with all the superlatives... The most miles of traffic jam and the highest number of mother-tongues. 2. A language which gives rise to others; esp. one regarded as the source of a group or family of other languages, or (occasionally) as the source of all other languages. Cf. mother language n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > family of languages > antecedent or parent language mother tongue1642 mother language1669 parent language1779 ancestor1822 Ursprache1908 proto-language1929 pre-language1961 1642 J. Howell Forraine Travell xii. 153 The German is one of the first mother tongues of Europe. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 180 The mother tongues of Europe are thirteen. 1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata ii. 303 The several..Mother-Tongues were made or fram'd by God in the Minds of those divided Parties. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Of Mother Tongues, Scaliger reckons ten in Europe. 1813 T. Jefferson Let. 16 Aug. in Writings (1984) 1300 And should the language of England continue stationary, we shall probably enlarge our employment of it, until its new character may separate it in name as well as in power, from the mother-tongue. 1848 R. G. Latham Eng. Lang. (ed. 2) ii. iv. 83 It [sc. American English] was earliest separated from the mother-tongue. 1990 New Scientist 16 June 43/1 Some scholars claim to be able to see deeper links among these language families, eventually reaching back to a single language, or Mother Tongue. B. adj. (attributive). Usually with hyphen. 1. a. Designating a work translated into or written in a person's mother tongue. ΚΠ 1615 J. Stephens Satyrical Ess. (1857) 256 The learning which lyes in mother-tongue translations. 1657 J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee 115 Refuse the Mother-tongue Translation, and call for the Spirit-tongue Original. a1859 W. Watt Poems & Songs (1860) 227 Dame Pride..may cry, ‘Begone, Thou elf of foul sedition! Darest thou present..Thy mother-tongue petition?’ 1917 A. A. Cock (title) Notes on the teaching of English on creative lines, as exemplified in ‘The Mother Tongue Series’. 1950 in M. M. Chambers Universities of World outside U.S.A. ii. 511 A recent survey of India listed 179 languages and 544 dialects... Mother-tongue translations of scientific works and textbooks were scarce or nonexistent. 2000 I. Kecskes & T. Papp Foreign Lang. & Mother Tongue v. 82 Some students followed their FL [= Foreign Language] language production in the mother tongue version and gave a kind of reproduction of the text they developed in the FL. b. Of, using, or relating or belonging to, a person's native or first language. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [adjective] > native or vernacular > concerned with the native language vernacular1844 mother tongue1912 1912 K. S. L. Guthrie (title) The mother-tongue method of teaching foreign languages. 1933 M. West On learning to speak Foreign Lang. ii. 6 The older child..is able (owing to his larger mother-tongue vocabulary) to identify more cognates in the case of allied languages. 1954 in Word 13 (1957) 214 Many..cannot read and write their mother-tongue languages. 1972 Language 48 237 He investigates the causal relationship of these variables to bilingualism and mother-tongue maintenance or shift. 1992 Internat. Rev. Applied Linguistics in Lang. Teaching 30 104 Although many children go abroad when they are young and learn enough of the language to survive, as soon as they return to their mother tongue environment, their language ability is soon lost. 2. Designating a person as a native speaker of a language; (Education) designating a person teaching students in their native language or involved in teaching his or her first language to non-native speakers. ΚΠ 1945 Census of India, 1941: H. E. H. Nizami's Dominion's (Hyderabad State) XXI. i. 206 The number of Urdu speakers (mother-tongue)..has been as follows [etc.]. 1954 in Word 13 (1957) 214 Lambadas nowhere constitute a majority.., and, therefore, no other mother-tongue group is forced to adopt their language. 1964 Sociol. of Educ. 37 310 Its mother tongue teachers have most frequently received training for their current assignments. 1971 Internat. Migration Rev. 5 228 Hindi is claimed as a subsidiary language by only 5.5% of the mother tongue speakers of the 13 major languages. 1985 Community Librarian Aug. 7 Each [authority]..already had a mother-tongue specialist in one of the five major Indic languages. 1994 Eng. Today Jan. 58/1 A book for mother-tongue teachers of English language. 3. Education. Designating the teaching of, or teaching carried out in, the native or first language of students. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [adjective] > other methods of teaching scholastical?a1475 scholastic1483 maieutic1656 maieutical1678 demonstrative1805 peripatetic1890 free activity1929 hypnopaedic1932 show-and-tell1945 audio-active1958 programmed1958 audio-lingual1959 mother tongue1960 immersion1965 distance-based1979 1960 Our First Half-cent., 1910–60 i. i. 151 This [sc. the South Africa Act of 1909] is the provision which made mother-tongue education possible as well as the development of separate language-medium schools. 1969 D. P. Pattanayak Aspects Appl. Linguistics 18 Comprehension and the organization of ideas are the two most important aspects of mother tongue teaching. 1973 F. J. du T. Spies in Standard Encycl. Southern Afr. VIII. 367 In 1908 Hertzog..introduced the so-called Hertzog Educational Bill in the Legislative Council, whereby..mother-tongue education was prescribed up to Std. IV, and equality of both languages thereafter. 1976 Educ. & Community Relations July–Aug. 4/1 The recent argument for and against mother tongue teaching has become obscured by discussion. 1987 New Nation (Johannesburg) 12 Feb. 4 The Tswana authorities refused their Sotho-speaking neighbours..mother-tongue instruction in schools under their control. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.?a1425
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