mortalityn.

Brit.

/mɔːˈtalᵻti/, U.S.

/mɔrˈtælədi/

Forms: late Middle English mortalito (transmission error), late Middle English 1700s mortalytie, late Middle English–1500s mortalite, late Middle English–1500s mortalitee, late Middle English–1500s mortalyte, late Middle English–1500s mortalytee, late Middle English–1600s mortalitie, 1500s mortalitye, 1500s–1600s mortallitie, 1500s–1700s mortallity, 1500s– mortality, 1600s mortallytie, 1700s mortallyty; Scottish pre-1700 mortalite, pre-1700 mortalitee, pre-1700 mortalitie, pre-1700 mortallitie, pre-1700 mortalyte, pre-1700 1700s– mortality.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mortalité.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mortalité plague, death (c1140) and Middle French mortalité (late 12th cent. in sense ‘massacre’; end of 12th cent. in sense ‘the condition of being mortal’) < classical Latin mortālitāt- , mortālitās the condition of being subject to death, mortal nature or existence, death, in post-classical Latin also plague, pestilence (3rd cent.; 1349 in a British source with specific reference to the Black Death) < mortālis mortal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Italian mortalita (13th cent.), Spanish mortalidad (late 13th cent.), Portuguese mortalidade (15th cent.).With mortality table (see Compounds 1) compare French tables de mortalité (1829).

a. The condition of being mortal or subject to death; mortal nature or existence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > liability to

ashc950

deathlinessOE

deadliness?c1225

mortalityc1400

mortalness1530

dyingness1700

sparrow-fall1946

c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 489 (MED) See Charlemeine, Godefroi, Arthus, Fulfild of werre and of mortalite.

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 1906 (MED) For my mete is inuysible & my drynk celestyal; It may not be seyn in þis mortalyte.

c1450 ( Nightingale (Calig.) 149 in O. Glauning Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1900) 6 (MED) This hygh forfet whych Adam sone had don Was grounde & cause of oure mortalite.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxix. 14 The mortalite of my fleysse..thou distroyd in my resurreccioun.

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bii ^v In diebus carnis sue..That is to saye in the dayes of his mortalite.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. v. 4 That mortalite [Gk. τὸ θνητόν] myght be swalowed vppe of lyfe.

1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 137 Elizabeth Folks,..when her soule was ready to take flight out of her body, concluded her mortality with these words.

a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) 23 Never did man put off mortality with a braver courage.

a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 78 The Sepulcher out of which he [sc. Lazarus] was rais'd to a second Mortality.

1745 E. Young Consolation 4 Life's gayest Scenes speak Man's Mortality.

1820 W. Wordsworth Vaudracour & Julia 53 A man too happy for mortality!

1828 A. Jolly Observ. Sunday Services 238 He passed from mortality to eternal felicity.

1847 R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. (1853) iii. 122 Mortality is the rule of all mere animal life.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage lii. 263 His aunt's death shocked him and filled him also with a curious fear; he felt for the first time his own mortality.

1935 G. Greene Basement Room & Other Stories 154 In a long life he had seen many forms of death, men shot by their own hand, and men killed in the field, but never such a suggestion of mortality.

1987 D. Simpson Elem. of Doubt (1988) xiv. 167 The contrast between the bright young clothes and the shrunken body within them a tragic reminder of mortality.

†b. Mortals collectively; humankind. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > [noun]

maneOE

worldOE

all fleshc1000

mankinOE

earthOE

little worldc1175

man's kinda1200

mankinda1225

worldrichec1275

slimec1315

kindc1325

world1340

sectc1400

humanityc1450

microcosma1475

peoplea1500

the human kindred?1533

race1553

homo1561

humankind1561

universality1561

deadly?1590

mortality1598

rational1601

vicegerent1601

small world1604

flesh and blooda1616

mannity1621

human race1623

universea1645

nations1667

public1699

the species1711

Adamhood1828

Jock Tamson's bairns1832

folx1833

Bimana1839

human1841

peeps1847

menfolk1870

manfolk1876

amniota1879

peoplekind1956

personkind1972

1598 J. Marston Metamorph. Pigmalions Image ii. 1 So faire an Image of a Womans feature, That never yet proudest mortalitie Could show.

?1601 S. Daniel Epist. to C'tess Cumberland vi The perplexed State Of troublous and distrest mortalitie, That thus make way vnto the ougly birth Of their owne sorrowes.

1654 T. Fuller 2 Serm. 55 All Mortalitie shall be tryed by one of these two Statutes.

1687 J. Norris Coll. Misc. 18 Like Angels visits, short and bright; Mortality's too weak to bear them long.

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i To inform him [sc.Burke] that in case of that natural extinction to which all mortality is subject, Kings may again be had from Normandy.

1887 H. R. Haggard She xvi. 187 Mortality is weak, and easily broken down by a sense of the companionship that waits upon its end.

†c. In plural. Mortal properties or attributes. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1832 L. Hunt tr. Theocritus xxiv, in Poems 227 And in Trachinia shall the funeral pyre Purge his mortalities [Gk. θνητά] away with fire.

a. Loss of life on a large scale; abnormal frequency of death, as by war or pestilence; (formerly) spec. †a visitation of deadly plague (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life

walc900

qualeeOE

qualmOE

mortc1330

murraina1387

loss of lifec1405

mortality?a1425

megadeath1953

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun]

manqualmeOE

deathOE

starveOE

woundc1369

pestilencea1382

murraina1387

mortality?a1425

plaguea1475

pest1479

cladec1480

traik1513

mortalness1530

pestility1570

the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > [noun] > deadly plague

mortality?a1425

mortalness1530

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 126 (MED) Allweys þei maken gret mortalitee of poeple.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 764 (MED) Wikked eyr &..infeccioun..causyn ofte by her violence Mortalite and gret pestilence.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 321 Þe infeccion of þe ayre þat was cauce in Rome of grete dead & mortalitie.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 56 In that bataile was grete mortalite on bothe parties.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxxi. 210 Ther fell suche a mortalyte in the hoost, that of fyue ther dyed thre.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cix There was slain at the siege .lxiiii. thousande Turkes, and .xl. thousande dedde of mortalitie and mo.

1597 S. Finche Let. 19 Feb. in A. C. Ducarel Some Acct. Town Croydon (1783) App. 154 Some waste place wherin (in the tyme of some mortalitie) they did burie in.

1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 185 The conflict lasted many hours, and great was the mortality on all sides.

1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 5 Our merchants have an account from Jamaica that there has been a mortality there since the late earthquake.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Mortality, a Term frequently used to signify a contagious Disease, which destroys great Numbers [of] either of Men, or Beasts.

1759 D. Hume Hist. Eng. under House of Tudor II. iv. 588 Many of these adventurers were killed..; a great mortality seized the rest.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. viii. 102 Years of dearth..are generally among the common people years of sickness and mortality .

1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. vii. 134 The mortality amongst the horses..being frightful.

1863 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. VII. 42 The mortality in the Tudor race which had raised her to the throne had left her also with scarcely a relation in the world.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 118/1 The excessive mortality of European troops in India..[shows] that acclimatization is in most cases necessary.

1992 Matrix Fall 10/1 The starvation, forced exile, and mass mortality of thousands of Irish people were nothing less than a deliberate act of genocide.

b. An individual's death or decease.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun]

hensithOE

qualmOE

bale-sithea1000

endingc1000

fallOE

forthsitheOE

soulingOE

life's endOE

deathOE

hethensithc1200

last end?c1225

forthfarec1275

dying1297

finec1300

partingc1300

endc1305

deceasec1330

departc1330

starving1340

passingc1350

latter enda1382

obita1382

perishingc1384

carrion1387

departing1388

finishmentc1400

trespassement14..

passing forthc1410

sesse1417

cess1419

fininga1425

resolutiona1425

departisona1450

passagea1450

departmentc1450

consummation?a1475

dormition1483

debt to (also of) naturea1513

dissolutionc1522

expirationa1530

funeral?a1534

change1543

departure1558

last change1574

transmigration1576

dissolving1577

shaking of the sheets?1577

departance1579

deceasure1580

mortality1582

deceasing1591

waftage1592

launching1599

quietus1603

doom1609

expire1612

expiring1612

period1613

defunctiona1616

Lethea1616

fail1623

dismissiona1631

set1635

passa1645

disanimation1646

suffering1651

abition1656

Passovera1662

latter (last) end1670

finis1682

exitus1706

perch1722

demission1735

demise1753

translation1760

transit1764

dropping1768

expiry1790

departal1823

finish1826

homegoing1866

the last (also final, great) round-up1879

snuffing1922

fade-out1924

thirty1929

appointment in Samarra1934

dirt nap1981

big chill1987

1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 3 Eeche thing mortalitye threatneth [L. intentant omnia mortem].

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. v. 32 Here on my knee I begge Mortalitie, Rather then Life, preseru'd with Infamie.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 191 Amongst the mortalities of this year [sc. 1587], most remarkable the death of Richard Barnes Bishop of Durham.

1703 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 267 With power to succeed the governor in case of absence or mortality.

1723 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 59. ¶6 Ever since the Mortality of the Immortal Queen Anne.

1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xiii. 10 You will prove a father to her in case of my mortality.

1881 R. L. Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque 155 To him the idea of mortality comes..less as an abrupt catastrophe than as a thing of infinitesimal gradation.

1926 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 328/1 When a ‘mortality’, as the insurance people phrase it, occurs, [the ‘Coffin Clubs’] are liable..to ‘bust right spang in the face’ of candidates for ‘first-class funerals’.

1973 N. Monsarrat Kappillan of Malta 176 Her face had that inner pallor, that fragile tautness, which he had come to associate with the first margins of mortality.

c. The number of deaths which occur in a given area or period, from a particular disease, etc.; the average frequency of death; death rate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > death-rate

mortality1621

death rate1849

death toll1864

fatality rate1897

1621 T. Mun Trade 38 The death of many of our worthyest Marriners, who have beene slaine and died prisoners under their hands: and this hath so much the more encreased the rumour of their mortality.

1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. v. 26 Pleasure, it dies in the birth, and is not therefore worthy to come into this bill of Mortality.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 17 If 250 Ministers would serve all Ireland, then 10 per Ann. will supply their Mortality.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 54. ⁋7 Living within the Bills of Mortality.

1826 Lancet 1 Apr. 19/1 The average annual mortality is, 1 in 55½, in the six districts.

a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 459 The method of forming tables of mortality.

1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. ix. 99 It is this which constitutes the great difference between the mortality in private and hospital practice.

1887 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Dec. 1257 Hysterectomy..its mortality is out of all proportion to the benefits received by the few.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 908/2 Chloroform... The mortality on the table is about 1 in 2500.

1983 S. Kitzinger Woman's Experience of Sex x. 305 Yet the mortality for breast cancer has not been reduced in the last 40 years or more.

2001 Poultry World May 33/1 This ‘coronaviral enteritis’ affects turkeys of all ages, though mortality is greatest among poults.

†d. The mortal part of man; mortal remains. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun]

lichc893

dust?a1000

holdc1000

bonesOE

stiff onea1200

bodyc1225

carrion?c1225

licham?c1225

worms' food or ware?c1225

corsec1250

ashc1275

corpsec1315

carcass1340

murraina1382

relicsa1398

ghostc1400

wormes warec1400

corpusc1440

scadc1440

reliefc1449

martc1480

cadaverc1500

mortc1500

tramort?a1513

hearse1530

bulk1575

offal1581

trunk1594

cadaverie1600

relicts1607

remains1610

mummya1616

relic1636

cold meat1788

mortality1827

death bone1834

deader1853

stiff1859

1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 132 It happened not unfrequently that these piles of mortality were struck by a shell, and the shattered bodies scattered in all directions.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 99 Now on a distant shore, no kind mortality near him,..Tomb'd in Troy the malign.

†3.

a. Deadliness, power to kill. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > cause of death > [noun] > lethal quality

mortality?a1439

deadlinessc1450

mortalness1638

lethality1656

mortiferousness1856

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 6602 (MED) O suetnesse ful off mortalite! Serpentyne with a plesaunt visage!

1716 A. Pope God's Revenge against Punning 1 That destructive Pestilence, whose Mortality was so fatal, as to sweep away..Five Millions of Christian Souls.

b. Theology. The quality in a sin of being mortal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > kinds of sin > [noun] > mortal > quality

mortality1532

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. (1557) 476/2 Such sinnes, as were either veniall in the begynnyng, or from mortall tourned to veniall by the forgeuenesse of the mortalitie.

1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar ii. iv. 28 Actions of Charity do alleviate, as I may say, and take off from the Mortality of the Sin.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 2c).

mortality rate n.

ΚΠ

1863 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 26 384 Since the beginning of the present century,..the mortality-rate of prisons, hospitals, and poor houses..have been greatly diminished.

1966 Lancet 24 Dec. 1371/1 In an attempt to reduce the mortality-rate, clinicians used ever-increasing amounts of antitetanic serum.

2000 Pop. Sci. Oct. 4/3 Whether the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test and digital rectal exam are directly linked to the declining mortality rates.

mortality returns n.

ΚΠ

1856 De Bow's Rev. Jan. 28 Dr. E. H. Barton, of New Orleans..has analyzed with great care the mortality returns of the Census.

1899 Daily News 13 Sept. 5/1 The fall in temperature..has been followed by an immediate diminution in the mortality returns.

mortality statistics n.

ΚΠ

1855 (title) Mortality statistics of the seventh census of the United States, 1850 [U.S. Census Office].

1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) x. v. 422/1 The study of mortality statistics is the oldest branch of demography... It forms the basis of life assurance... Its central concept is risk.

mortality table n.

ΚΠ

1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 34 Comparative mortality table. The proportion of deaths of population, in the cities and large towns of the old and new world.

1987 M. Brett How to read Financial Pages xx. 213 Actuaries can calculate..accurately from mortality tables the risk of your dying.

1996 L. Gough Choosing Pension viii. 113 Insurers use ‘mortality tables’ to work out how long it thinks you are likely to live.

C2.

mortality bill n. now rare a document recording the number of mortalities occurring in a particular place over a given period.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > [noun] > death roll

bill of mortality1645

mortality bill1665

burialsa1687

obital1691

obituary1701

necrology1802

death roll1803

obitual1812

1665 S. Pepys Diary 29 June (1972) VI. 142 The Mortality bill is come to 267.

1896 Catholic World Oct. 111 It is fatal to the morality of cities; it gives a bloated mortality bill.

† mortality walk n. Obsolete the occupation of collecting obituary notices for a newspaper.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > [noun] > collecting copy > collecting obituary notices

mortality walk1776

1776 S. Foote Bankrupt iii. 69 I shall quit the mortality walk, so provide yourself as soon as you can.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mortality
释义	mortalityn. Brit. /mɔːˈtalᵻti/, U.S. /mɔrˈtælədi/ Forms: late Middle English mortalito (transmission error), late Middle English 1700s mortalytie, late Middle English–1500s mortalite, late Middle English–1500s mortalitee, late Middle English–1500s mortalyte, late Middle English–1500s mortalytee, late Middle English–1600s mortalitie, 1500s mortalitye, 1500s–1600s mortallitie, 1500s–1700s mortallity, 1500s– mortality, 1600s mortallytie, 1700s mortallyty; Scottish pre-1700 mortalite, pre-1700 mortalitee, pre-1700 mortalitie, pre-1700 mortallitie, pre-1700 mortalyte, pre-1700 1700s– mortality. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mortalité. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mortalité plague, death (c1140) and Middle French mortalité (late 12th cent. in sense ‘massacre’; end of 12th cent. in sense ‘the condition of being mortal’) < classical Latin mortālitāt- , mortālitās the condition of being subject to death, mortal nature or existence, death, in post-classical Latin also plague, pestilence (3rd cent.; 1349 in a British source with specific reference to the Black Death) < mortālis mortal adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Italian mortalita (13th cent.), Spanish mortalidad (late 13th cent.), Portuguese mortalidade (15th cent.).With mortality table (see Compounds 1) compare French tables de mortalité (1829). 1. a. The condition of being mortal or subject to death; mortal nature or existence. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > liability to ashc950 deathlinessOE deadliness?c1225 mortalityc1400 mortalness1530 dyingness1700 sparrow-fall1946 c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 489 (MED) See Charlemeine, Godefroi, Arthus, Fulfild of werre and of mortalite. 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 1906 (MED) For my mete is inuysible & my drynk celestyal; It may not be seyn in þis mortalyte. c1450 ( Nightingale (Calig.) 149 in O. Glauning Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1900) 6 (MED) This hygh forfet whych Adam sone had don Was grounde & cause of oure mortalite. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xxix. 14 The mortalite of my fleysse..thou distroyd in my resurreccioun. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Bii ^v In diebus carnis sue..That is to saye in the dayes of his mortalite. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) 2 Cor. v. 4 That mortalite [Gk. τὸ θνητόν] myght be swalowed vppe of lyfe. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 137 Elizabeth Folks,..when her soule was ready to take flight out of her body, concluded her mortality with these words. a1662 P. Heylyn Cyprianus Anglicus (1668) 23 Never did man put off mortality with a braver courage. a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 78 The Sepulcher out of which he [sc. Lazarus] was rais'd to a second Mortality. 1745 E. Young Consolation 4 Life's gayest Scenes speak Man's Mortality. 1820 W. Wordsworth Vaudracour & Julia 53 A man too happy for mortality! 1828 A. Jolly Observ. Sunday Services 238 He passed from mortality to eternal felicity. 1847 R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. (1853) iii. 122 Mortality is the rule of all mere animal life. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage lii. 263 His aunt's death shocked him and filled him also with a curious fear; he felt for the first time his own mortality. 1935 G. Greene Basement Room & Other Stories 154 In a long life he had seen many forms of death, men shot by their own hand, and men killed in the field, but never such a suggestion of mortality. 1987 D. Simpson Elem. of Doubt (1988) xiv. 167 The contrast between the bright young clothes and the shrunken body within them a tragic reminder of mortality. †b. Mortals collectively; humankind. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > [noun] maneOE worldOE all fleshc1000 mankinOE earthOE little worldc1175 man's kinda1200 mankinda1225 worldrichec1275 slimec1315 kindc1325 world1340 sectc1400 humanityc1450 microcosma1475 peoplea1500 the human kindred?1533 race1553 homo1561 humankind1561 universality1561 deadly?1590 mortality1598 rational1601 vicegerent1601 small world1604 flesh and blooda1616 mannity1621 human race1623 universea1645 nations1667 public1699 the species1711 Adamhood1828 Jock Tamson's bairns1832 folx1833 Bimana1839 human1841 peeps1847 menfolk1870 manfolk1876 amniota1879 peoplekind1956 personkind1972 1598 J. Marston Metamorph. Pigmalions Image ii. 1 So faire an Image of a Womans feature, That never yet proudest mortalitie Could show. ?1601 S. Daniel Epist. to C'tess Cumberland vi The perplexed State Of troublous and distrest mortalitie, That thus make way vnto the ougly birth Of their owne sorrowes. 1654 T. Fuller 2 Serm. 55 All Mortalitie shall be tryed by one of these two Statutes. 1687 J. Norris Coll. Misc. 18 Like Angels visits, short and bright; Mortality's too weak to bear them long. 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i To inform him [sc.Burke] that in case of that natural extinction to which all mortality is subject, Kings may again be had from Normandy. 1887 H. R. Haggard She xvi. 187 Mortality is weak, and easily broken down by a sense of the companionship that waits upon its end. †c. In plural. Mortal properties or attributes. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1832 L. Hunt tr. Theocritus xxiv, in Poems 227 And in Trachinia shall the funeral pyre Purge his mortalities [Gk. θνητά] away with fire. 2. a. Loss of life on a large scale; abnormal frequency of death, as by war or pestilence; (formerly) spec. †a visitation of deadly plague (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life walc900 qualeeOE qualmOE mortc1330 murraina1387 loss of lifec1405 mortality?a1425 megadeath1953 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > plague or pestilence > [noun] manqualmeOE deathOE starveOE woundc1369 pestilencea1382 murraina1387 mortality?a1425 plaguea1475 pest1479 cladec1480 traik1513 mortalness1530 pestility1570 the world > life > death > killing > killing by specific method > [noun] > deadly plague mortality?a1425 mortalness1530 ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 126 (MED) Allweys þei maken gret mortalitee of poeple. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. 764 (MED) Wikked eyr &..infeccioun..causyn ofte by her violence Mortalite and gret pestilence. c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 321 Þe infeccion of þe ayre þat was cauce in Rome of grete dead & mortalitie. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 56 In that bataile was grete mortalite on bothe parties. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccxxxi. 210 Ther fell suche a mortalyte in the hoost, that of fyue ther dyed thre. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cix There was slain at the siege .lxiiii. thousande Turkes, and .xl. thousande dedde of mortalitie and mo. 1597 S. Finche Let. 19 Feb. in A. C. Ducarel Some Acct. Town Croydon (1783) App. 154 Some waste place wherin (in the tyme of some mortalitie) they did burie in. 1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 185 The conflict lasted many hours, and great was the mortality on all sides. 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) III. 5 Our merchants have an account from Jamaica that there has been a mortality there since the late earthquake. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Mortality, a Term frequently used to signify a contagious Disease, which destroys great Numbers [of] either of Men, or Beasts. 1759 D. Hume Hist. Eng. under House of Tudor II. iv. 588 Many of these adventurers were killed..; a great mortality seized the rest. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. viii. 102 Years of dearth..are generally among the common people years of sickness and mortality . View more context for this quotation 1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain II. vii. 134 The mortality amongst the horses..being frightful. 1863 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. VII. 42 The mortality in the Tudor race which had raised her to the throne had left her also with scarcely a relation in the world. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 118/1 The excessive mortality of European troops in India..[shows] that acclimatization is in most cases necessary. 1992 Matrix Fall 10/1 The starvation, forced exile, and mass mortality of thousands of Irish people were nothing less than a deliberate act of genocide. b. An individual's death or decease. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] hensithOE qualmOE bale-sithea1000 endingc1000 fallOE forthsitheOE soulingOE life's endOE deathOE hethensithc1200 last end?c1225 forthfarec1275 dying1297 finec1300 partingc1300 endc1305 deceasec1330 departc1330 starving1340 passingc1350 latter enda1382 obita1382 perishingc1384 carrion1387 departing1388 finishmentc1400 trespassement14.. passing forthc1410 sesse1417 cess1419 fininga1425 resolutiona1425 departisona1450 passagea1450 departmentc1450 consummation?a1475 dormition1483 debt to (also of) naturea1513 dissolutionc1522 expirationa1530 funeral?a1534 change1543 departure1558 last change1574 transmigration1576 dissolving1577 shaking of the sheets?1577 departance1579 deceasure1580 mortality1582 deceasing1591 waftage1592 launching1599 quietus1603 doom1609 expire1612 expiring1612 period1613 defunctiona1616 Lethea1616 fail1623 dismissiona1631 set1635 passa1645 disanimation1646 suffering1651 abition1656 Passovera1662 latter (last) end1670 finis1682 exitus1706 perch1722 demission1735 demise1753 translation1760 transit1764 dropping1768 expiry1790 departal1823 finish1826 homegoing1866 the last (also final, great) round-up1879 snuffing1922 fade-out1924 thirty1929 appointment in Samarra1934 dirt nap1981 big chill1987 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis i. 3 Eeche thing mortalitye threatneth [L. intentant omnia mortem]. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iv. v. 32 Here on my knee I begge Mortalitie, Rather then Life, preseru'd with Infamie. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 191 Amongst the mortalities of this year [sc. 1587], most remarkable the death of Richard Barnes Bishop of Durham. 1703 J. Logan in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 267 With power to succeed the governor in case of absence or mortality. 1723 Duke of Wharton True Briton No. 59. ¶6 Ever since the Mortality of the Immortal Queen Anne. 1768 H. Brooke Fool of Quality III. xiii. 10 You will prove a father to her in case of my mortality. 1881 R. L. Stevenson Virginibus Puerisque 155 To him the idea of mortality comes..less as an abrupt catastrophe than as a thing of infinitesimal gradation. 1926 Scribner's Mag. Sept. 328/1 When a ‘mortality’, as the insurance people phrase it, occurs, [the ‘Coffin Clubs’] are liable..to ‘bust right spang in the face’ of candidates for ‘first-class funerals’. 1973 N. Monsarrat Kappillan of Malta 176 Her face had that inner pallor, that fragile tautness, which he had come to associate with the first margins of mortality. c. The number of deaths which occur in a given area or period, from a particular disease, etc.; the average frequency of death; death rate. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > death-rate mortality1621 death rate1849 death toll1864 fatality rate1897 1621 T. Mun Trade 38 The death of many of our worthyest Marriners, who have beene slaine and died prisoners under their hands: and this hath so much the more encreased the rumour of their mortality. 1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. v. 26 Pleasure, it dies in the birth, and is not therefore worthy to come into this bill of Mortality. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 17 If 250 Ministers would serve all Ireland, then 10 per Ann. will supply their Mortality. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 54. ⁋7 Living within the Bills of Mortality. 1826 Lancet 1 Apr. 19/1 The average annual mortality is, 1 in 55½, in the six districts. a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) II. 459 The method of forming tables of mortality. 1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. ix. 99 It is this which constitutes the great difference between the mortality in private and hospital practice. 1887 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Dec. 1257 Hysterectomy..its mortality is out of all proportion to the benefits received by the few. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 908/2 Chloroform... The mortality on the table is about 1 in 2500. 1983 S. Kitzinger Woman's Experience of Sex x. 305 Yet the mortality for breast cancer has not been reduced in the last 40 years or more. 2001 Poultry World May 33/1 This ‘coronaviral enteritis’ affects turkeys of all ages, though mortality is greatest among poults. †d. The mortal part of man; mortal remains. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] lichc893 dust?a1000 holdc1000 bonesOE stiff onea1200 bodyc1225 carrion?c1225 licham?c1225 worms' food or ware?c1225 corsec1250 ashc1275 corpsec1315 carcass1340 murraina1382 relicsa1398 ghostc1400 wormes warec1400 corpusc1440 scadc1440 reliefc1449 martc1480 cadaverc1500 mortc1500 tramort?a1513 hearse1530 bulk1575 offal1581 trunk1594 cadaverie1600 relicts1607 remains1610 mummya1616 relic1636 cold meat1788 mortality1827 death bone1834 deader1853 stiff1859 1827 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War II. 132 It happened not unfrequently that these piles of mortality were struck by a shell, and the shattered bodies scattered in all directions. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxviii. 99 Now on a distant shore, no kind mortality near him,..Tomb'd in Troy the malign. †3. a. Deadliness, power to kill. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > cause of death > [noun] > lethal quality mortality?a1439 deadlinessc1450 mortalness1638 lethality1656 mortiferousness1856 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. 6602 (MED) O suetnesse ful off mortalite! Serpentyne with a plesaunt visage! 1716 A. Pope God's Revenge against Punning 1 That destructive Pestilence, whose Mortality was so fatal, as to sweep away..Five Millions of Christian Souls. b. Theology. The quality in a sin of being mortal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > kinds of sin > [noun] > mortal > quality mortality1532 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. (1557) 476/2 Such sinnes, as were either veniall in the begynnyng, or from mortall tourned to veniall by the forgeuenesse of the mortalitie. 1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar ii. iv. 28 Actions of Charity do alleviate, as I may say, and take off from the Mortality of the Sin. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 2c). mortality rate n. ΚΠ 1863 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 26 384 Since the beginning of the present century,..the mortality-rate of prisons, hospitals, and poor houses..have been greatly diminished. 1966 Lancet 24 Dec. 1371/1 In an attempt to reduce the mortality-rate, clinicians used ever-increasing amounts of antitetanic serum. 2000 Pop. Sci. Oct. 4/3 Whether the PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test and digital rectal exam are directly linked to the declining mortality rates. mortality returns n. ΚΠ 1856 De Bow's Rev. Jan. 28 Dr. E. H. Barton, of New Orleans..has analyzed with great care the mortality returns of the Census. 1899 Daily News 13 Sept. 5/1 The fall in temperature..has been followed by an immediate diminution in the mortality returns. mortality statistics n. ΚΠ 1855 (title) Mortality statistics of the seventh census of the United States, 1850 [U.S. Census Office]. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) x. v. 422/1 The study of mortality statistics is the oldest branch of demography... It forms the basis of life assurance... Its central concept is risk. mortality table n. ΚΠ 1851 C. Cist Sketches & Statistics Cincinnati 34 Comparative mortality table. The proportion of deaths of population, in the cities and large towns of the old and new world. 1987 M. Brett How to read Financial Pages xx. 213 Actuaries can calculate..accurately from mortality tables the risk of your dying. 1996 L. Gough Choosing Pension viii. 113 Insurers use ‘mortality tables’ to work out how long it thinks you are likely to live. C2. mortality bill n. now rare a document recording the number of mortalities occurring in a particular place over a given period. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > [noun] > death roll bill of mortality1645 mortality bill1665 burialsa1687 obital1691 obituary1701 necrology1802 death roll1803 obitual1812 1665 S. Pepys Diary 29 June (1972) VI. 142 The Mortality bill is come to 267. 1896 Catholic World Oct. 111 It is fatal to the morality of cities; it gives a bloated mortality bill. † mortality walk n. Obsolete the occupation of collecting obituary notices for a newspaper. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > [noun] > collecting copy > collecting obituary notices mortality walk1776 1776 S. Foote Bankrupt iii. 69 I shall quit the mortality walk, so provide yourself as soon as you can. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1400
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