† mouln.¹

Forms: Middle English mowle.

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: moul v.¹

Etymology: Either < moul v.¹ or directly < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mygla mustiness, Norwegian regional mygle , mygl , Swedish mögel , Danish regional muggel mould) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic mugga mist, drizzle (see mug n.⁴) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -la -le suffix 1. Compare earlier mouly adj.It is uncertain whether the Middle English surname Moulepeny (1310) is related.

Obsolete. rare.

= mould n.⁴ 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > mould or mildew

fenOE

mildew1340

moulda1400

moul1440

vinny1538

hoar1548

mouldingc1610

vinegar-plant1797

moulder1817

mucor1818

vinegar mother1839

leaf rust1859

wood-mould1869

Isaria1874

grease mould1882

brown mould1883

pourriture noble1911

fumagine1913

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 346 Mowlynge, of mowle, Mucor, mucidus.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

mouln.²

Brit.

/muːl/, U.S.

/mul/, Scottish English

/mul/

Forms: 1500s mole, 1500s moll, 1500s mowles (plural), 1500s–1600s moule, 1600s moul, 1900s– moul' (Irish English (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 1800s mule, 1700s (1900s– Shetland) mul, 1700s– mool, 1800s meel (north-eastern), 1900s– møl (Shetland).

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: mould n.³

Etymology: Variant of mould n.³, probably partly with assimilation of final -d after -l- , and partly as alteration after Middle French moule (see mould n.³). Compare slightly earlier moul v.²

Now regional (chiefly Scottish).

1. = mould n.³ (in various senses). In later use chiefly: a button-mould. moul button n. a flat linen-covered button.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > [noun] > with regard to appearance

form1297

personc1390

personage1461

moul1565

mould1580

shape1602

flesha1616

habit1652

figure1717

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > distinctive nature as indicating origin

moulda1225

moul1565

society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > mould or pattern

mouldc1400

moul1565

running mould1813

model1825

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example

byseningc1175

mirrora1300

samplera1300

formc1384

calendarc1385

patternc1425

exemplar?a1439

lighta1450

projectc1450

moul1565

platform1574

module1608

paradigma1623

specimen1642

butt1654

paradigm1669

type1847

fore-mark1863

model1926

1565–6 Trin. Coll. Acct. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 570 Paper to make mowles for the pillers.

1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 45 Your selues being of the purest mettall, and hauing your hartes framed of the kindest moule.

1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xv. xcvii. 387 Kist with a kisse of Iudas moule.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems iii. App. xxiv How the præexistent soul..enters bodies here below, And then entire, unhurt, can leave this moul.

1655 R. Baillie Let. 1 Dec. (1842) III. 289 [The Parliament]..flew so high, as to mind nothing but a Fifth Monarchie on earth..and put all in a new mule of their owne.

1738 Forfeited Estate Papers (1909) 7 For threed and muls... 0. 1. 6.

1790 J. Fisher Poems Var. Subj. 125 Now faith an' trouth, like auld pea hools, Or babee dozen button mools Are little thought of in my skules.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Mule, a mould; as, a button-mule.

1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire in Trans. Philol. Soc. 18 112 Meel, the small piece of bone round which cloth is wrapped to form a cloth button.

1873 D. Gilmour Pen' Folk 50 Our fathers following in their short grey coats, with black mool buttons.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 228/2 Moul', a mould.

†2. A mould for musket balls. Obsolete. N.E.D. (1908) at moll n.² interpreted the use in quot. 1596 as ‘? A ramrod’.

ΚΠ

1590 in K. R. Andrews Eng. Privateering Voy. to W. Indies (1959) 15 18 musket moles.

1596 Acc. Winsford in Proc. Somerset Archæol. Soc. (1900) 45 194 One muskett with his flaxe, twich boxe, moll, and rest.

1662 in G. F. Dow Probate Rec. Essex County, Mass. (1916) I. 381 Shot mowels, 1s.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

moulv.¹

Brit.

/məʊl/,

/muːl/, U.S.

/moʊl/,

/mul/, Scottish English

/mul/

Forms: early Middle English muhele, early Middle English muhle, early Middle English mule, early Middle English muwle, Middle English movle, Middle English–1500s moule, Middle English–1500s mowl, Middle English–1500s mowle, 1500s moulleth (3rd singular present indicative), 1600s– moul; Scottish pre-1700 mowle, 1700s– moul, 1800s– mool.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mygla , Norwegian mygle , Old Swedish möghla (Swedish mögla ), Danish regional mugle , all in sense ‘to become mouldy’) < the Scandinavian base of Icelandic mugga (see mug v.¹) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -la -le suffix 3; compare the parallel formation represented by Norwegian mugne , Danish mugne in the same sense (compare -en suffix⁵).

Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern).

1. intransitive. To become mouldy; to rot. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by want of use or neglect

moul?c1225

rusta1400

moulda1547

to run to repairs1681

to go to seed1817

to run down1843

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > become mouldy or musty

vinnyOE

moul?c1225

mould1530

foisty1572

hoar1573

milder1592

musty1631

to grow whiskers1977

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)] > become musty or mouldy

vinnyOE

moul?c1225

mould1530

must1530

foisty1572

hoar1573

musty1631

mildew1651

to grow whiskers1977

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Lete þinges mulin, [c1230 Corpus Cambr. muhelin; a1250 Nero muwlen] rustin, oðer rotin.

c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 288 Fleschlich lust Makeþ Monnes soule Rote and Rust..and Moule.

c1390 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 32 Lat vs nat mowlen thus in ydelnesse.

a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1420 (MED) Ententifly he kepiþ his seruise In courte; his labour þere schal not moule.

c1475 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Rawl.) (1893) i. 399 (MED) Sche mowled not..in no ydylnes.

1550 T. Cranmer Def. Sacrament f. 21 The wyne..wylle..tourne to vyneiger, and the breadde wylle mowle.

1597 State Papers Earl of Melrose (1837) II. 612 It [sc. the commission] sall not therefter mowle in my poutche, but sall be send to your lordship with haist.

1789 D. Sillar Poems 120 Your pickle cash Will ly an' moul, like ither useless trash.

1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck II. 164 They'll..leave the good substantial ait-meal bannocks to stand till they moul.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Moul, to grow mouldy.

a1895 T. Hallam MS Coll. North-West Derbyshire Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 176/1 Moul [to become mouldy; to crumble away].

†2. transitive. To make mouldy. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > make mouldy or musty

moul?c1430

vinny?1608

mould1635

must1707

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > make corrupt or putrid [verb (transitive)] > make musty or mouldy

moul?c1430

mildew1552

vinny?1608

mould1635

must1707

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 153 A loof, þat trespasid not, was mowlid & fordon.

?1534 Remors of Conscyence (de Worde) (new ed.) sig. B.j Thy drynke soureth and mouleth thy mete Wherwith the poore man myght wele fare.

1636 Dundee Charters (1880) 172 That nane of thame [books] be spoyled, mould or riven.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

moulv.²

Brit.

/məʊl/,

/muːl/, U.S.

/moʊl/,

/mul/

Forms: 1500s mowle, 1600s moule, 1700s moul, 1800s– mool, 1800s– mowl, 1800s– mule.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: mould v.¹

Etymology: Variant of mould v.¹, probably partly with assimilation of final -d after -l- , and partly as alteration after Middle French mouler (see mould v.¹). Compare moul n.²

Now English regional.

transitive. = mould v.¹ (in various senses). In later use esp.: to knead (dough, etc.); to shape (bread) into loaves.In the glossarial quotations it is possible that intransitive use is intended.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)]

i-schapeOE

shapec1000

afaite?c1225

feigna1300

form1340

deformc1384

proportionc1384

throwc1390

figure?a1400

parec1400

mould1408

fashion1413

portrayc1450

effigure1486

porture1489

moul1530

shapen1535

frame1553

proportionate1555

efform1578

inform1590

formate1599

to shape out1600

infigure1611

figurate1615

immodelize1649

effinge1657

effigiate1660

configure1857

carpenter1884

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > modelling > model [verb (transitive)]

drawa1398

mould1408

moul1530

model1624

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 641/2 This stone is nat carved with the hande, but mowled.

a1660 in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1880) II. 121 The Pharoes of Dublin..to whom wee did not onely moule theire breeke at our owne proper charges, but [etc.].

c1710 Mack Gregory's Advt. 2 Reliefs Moul'd in Boss and in Solid.

1829 J. Hunter Hallamshire Gloss. 66 Mowl, to knead.

1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 94 Mule, to knead or make dough.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 152 Mowl, to cut out pieces of kneaded bread and mould them into cakes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1440

n.²1565

v.¹?c1225

v.²1530

单词	moul
释义	† mouln.¹ Forms: Middle English mowle. Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: moul v.¹ Etymology: Either < moul v.¹ or directly < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mygla mustiness, Norwegian regional mygle , mygl , Swedish mögel , Danish regional muggel mould) < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic mugga mist, drizzle (see mug n.⁴) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -la -le suffix 1. Compare earlier mouly adj.It is uncertain whether the Middle English surname Moulepeny (1310) is related. Obsolete. rare. = mould n.⁴ 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > mould or mildew fenOE mildew1340 moulda1400 moul1440 vinny1538 hoar1548 mouldingc1610 vinegar-plant1797 moulder1817 mucor1818 vinegar mother1839 leaf rust1859 wood-mould1869 Isaria1874 grease mould1882 brown mould1883 pourriture noble1911 fumagine1913 Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 346 Mowlynge, of mowle, Mucor, mucidus. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online December 2020). mouln.² Brit. /muːl/, U.S. /mul/, Scottish English /mul/ Forms: 1500s mole, 1500s moll, 1500s mowles (plural), 1500s–1600s moule, 1600s moul, 1900s– moul' (Irish English (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 1800s mule, 1700s (1900s– Shetland) mul, 1700s– mool, 1800s meel (north-eastern), 1900s– møl (Shetland). Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: mould n.³ Etymology: Variant of mould n.³, probably partly with assimilation of final -d after -l- , and partly as alteration after Middle French moule (see mould n.³). Compare slightly earlier moul v.² Now regional (chiefly Scottish). 1. = mould n.³ (in various senses). In later use chiefly: a button-mould. moul button n. a flat linen-covered button. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > [noun] > with regard to appearance form1297 personc1390 personage1461 moul1565 mould1580 shape1602 flesha1616 habit1652 figure1717 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > distinctive nature as indicating origin moulda1225 moul1565 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > mould or pattern mouldc1400 moul1565 running mould1813 model1825 the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example byseningc1175 mirrora1300 samplera1300 formc1384 calendarc1385 patternc1425 exemplar?a1439 lighta1450 projectc1450 moul1565 platform1574 module1608 paradigma1623 specimen1642 butt1654 paradigm1669 type1847 fore-mark1863 model1926 1565–6 Trin. Coll. Acct. in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) II. 570 Paper to make mowles for the pillers. 1593 Tell-Trothes New-yeares Gift (1876) 45 Your selues being of the purest mettall, and hauing your hartes framed of the kindest moule. 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xv. xcvii. 387 Kist with a kisse of Iudas moule. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems iii. App. xxiv How the præexistent soul..enters bodies here below, And then entire, unhurt, can leave this moul. 1655 R. Baillie Let. 1 Dec. (1842) III. 289 [The Parliament]..flew so high, as to mind nothing but a Fifth Monarchie on earth..and put all in a new mule of their owne. 1738 Forfeited Estate Papers (1909) 7 For threed and muls... 0. 1. 6. 1790 J. Fisher Poems Var. Subj. 125 Now faith an' trouth, like auld pea hools, Or babee dozen button mools Are little thought of in my skules. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Mule, a mould; as, a button-mule. 1866 W. Gregor Dial. Banffshire in Trans. Philol. Soc. 18 112 Meel, the small piece of bone round which cloth is wrapped to form a cloth button. 1873 D. Gilmour Pen' Folk 50 Our fathers following in their short grey coats, with black mool buttons. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 228/2 Moul', a mould. †2. A mould for musket balls. Obsolete. N.E.D. (1908) at moll n.² interpreted the use in quot. 1596 as ‘? A ramrod’. ΚΠ 1590 in K. R. Andrews Eng. Privateering Voy. to W. Indies (1959) 15 18 musket moles. 1596 Acc. Winsford in Proc. Somerset Archæol. Soc. (1900) 45 194 One muskett with his flaxe, twich boxe, moll, and rest. 1662 in G. F. Dow Probate Rec. Essex County, Mass. (1916) I. 381 Shot mowels, 1s. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). moulv.¹ Brit. /məʊl/, /muːl/, U.S. /moʊl/, /mul/, Scottish English /mul/ Forms: early Middle English muhele, early Middle English muhle, early Middle English mule, early Middle English muwle, Middle English movle, Middle English–1500s moule, Middle English–1500s mowl, Middle English–1500s mowle, 1500s moulleth (3rd singular present indicative), 1600s– moul; Scottish pre-1700 mowle, 1700s– moul, 1800s– mool. Origin: Probably a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mygla , Norwegian mygle , Old Swedish möghla (Swedish mögla ), Danish regional mugle , all in sense ‘to become mouldy’) < the Scandinavian base of Icelandic mugga (see mug v.¹) + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -la -le suffix 3; compare the parallel formation represented by Norwegian mugne , Danish mugne in the same sense (compare -en suffix⁵). Now chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern). 1. intransitive. To become mouldy; to rot. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > by want of use or neglect moul?c1225 rusta1400 moulda1547 to run to repairs1681 to go to seed1817 to run down1843 the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > become mouldy or musty vinnyOE moul?c1225 mould1530 foisty1572 hoar1573 milder1592 musty1631 to grow whiskers1977 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)] > become musty or mouldy vinnyOE moul?c1225 mould1530 must1530 foisty1572 hoar1573 musty1631 mildew1651 to grow whiskers1977 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 254 Lete þinges mulin, [c1230 Corpus Cambr. muhelin; a1250 Nero muwlen] rustin, oðer rotin. c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 288 Fleschlich lust Makeþ Monnes soule Rote and Rust..and Moule. c1390 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 32 Lat vs nat mowlen thus in ydelnesse. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1420 (MED) Ententifly he kepiþ his seruise In courte; his labour þere schal not moule. c1475 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Rawl.) (1893) i. 399 (MED) Sche mowled not..in no ydylnes. 1550 T. Cranmer Def. Sacrament f. 21 The wyne..wylle..tourne to vyneiger, and the breadde wylle mowle. 1597 State Papers Earl of Melrose (1837) II. 612 It [sc. the commission] sall not therefter mowle in my poutche, but sall be send to your lordship with haist. 1789 D. Sillar Poems 120 Your pickle cash Will ly an' moul, like ither useless trash. 1818 J. Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck II. 164 They'll..leave the good substantial ait-meal bannocks to stand till they moul. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Moul, to grow mouldy. a1895 T. Hallam MS Coll. North-West Derbyshire Words in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 176/1 Moul [to become mouldy; to crumble away]. †2. transitive. To make mouldy. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > cause bad condition in [verb (transitive)] > make mouldy or musty moul?c1430 vinny?1608 mould1635 must1707 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > make corrupt or putrid [verb (transitive)] > make musty or mouldy moul?c1430 mildew1552 vinny?1608 mould1635 must1707 ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 153 A loof, þat trespasid not, was mowlid & fordon. ?1534 Remors of Conscyence (de Worde) (new ed.) sig. B.j Thy drynke soureth and mouleth thy mete Wherwith the poore man myght wele fare. 1636 Dundee Charters (1880) 172 That nane of thame [books] be spoyled, mould or riven. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). moulv.² Brit. /məʊl/, /muːl/, U.S. /moʊl/, /mul/ Forms: 1500s mowle, 1600s moule, 1700s moul, 1800s– mool, 1800s– mowl, 1800s– mule. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item; probably partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: mould v.¹ Etymology: Variant of mould v.¹, probably partly with assimilation of final -d after -l- , and partly as alteration after Middle French mouler (see mould v.¹). Compare moul n.² Now English regional. transitive. = mould v.¹ (in various senses). In later use esp.: to knead (dough, etc.); to shape (bread) into loaves.In the glossarial quotations it is possible that intransitive use is intended. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] i-schapeOE shapec1000 afaite?c1225 feigna1300 form1340 deformc1384 proportionc1384 throwc1390 figure?a1400 parec1400 mould1408 fashion1413 portrayc1450 effigure1486 porture1489 moul1530 shapen1535 frame1553 proportionate1555 efform1578 inform1590 formate1599 to shape out1600 infigure1611 figurate1615 immodelize1649 effinge1657 effigiate1660 configure1857 carpenter1884 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > modelling > model [verb (transitive)] drawa1398 mould1408 moul1530 model1624 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 641/2 This stone is nat carved with the hande, but mowled. a1660 in J. T. Gilbert Contemp. Hist. Ireland (1880) II. 121 The Pharoes of Dublin..to whom wee did not onely moule theire breeke at our owne proper charges, but [etc.]. c1710 Mack Gregory's Advt. 2 Reliefs Moul'd in Boss and in Solid. 1829 J. Hunter Hallamshire Gloss. 66 Mowl, to knead. 1880 T. Q. Couch E. Cornwall Words in M. A. Courtney & T. Q. Couch Gloss. Words Cornwall 94 Mule, to knead or make dough. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 152 Mowl, to cut out pieces of kneaded bread and mould them into cakes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1440n.²1565v.¹?c1225v.²1530
随便看	heart pulse heart quell heart rate heart rot heart sac heart sap heart seal heart seine heart service heart shake heart shape heart shock heart side heart sin heart solo heart sorrow heart sorry heart sound heart strain heart strand heart stroke heart surgery heart sweetbread heart talk heart thimble

† mouln.1

mouln.2

moulv.1

moulv.2

† mouln.¹

mouln.²

moulv.¹

moulv.²