monosomen.

Brit.

/ˈmɒnə(ʊ)səʊm/, U.S.

/ˈmɑnəˌsoʊm/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mono- comb. form, -some comb. form.

Etymology: < mono- comb. form + -some comb. form.

Genetics and Cell Biology.

1. Genetics. A sex chromosome (in a species with heterogametic sex determination). disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome

chromoplastid1885

accessory chromosome1899

chromoplast1902

X1902

heterochromosome1904

idiochromosome1905

macrochromosome1905

allosome1906

autosome1906

monosome1906

sex chromosome1906

supernumerary1907

X chromosome1911

Y chromosome1911

univalent1912

euchromosome1914

W1917

monosome1921

tetrasome1921

trisome1921

heterosome1938

isochromosome1939

trisomic1939

metacentric1945

acrocentric1949

polycentric1953

Philadelphia chromosome1961

monocentric1979

1906 T. H. Montgomery in Science 5 Jan. 36/2 Monosoma (or monosome), allosomes that are unpaired in the spermatogonia.

1913 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 203 2 This chromosome is the ‘heterotropic’ or X chromosome of Wilson, the ‘accessory’ chromosome of McClung, and the ‘monosome’ of Davis.

1915 Science 19 Mar. 440/2 In the first maturation division the monosome passes to one pole undivided.

2. Genetics. A chromosome that lacks its normal homologous partner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome

chromoplastid1885

accessory chromosome1899

chromoplast1902

X1902

heterochromosome1904

idiochromosome1905

macrochromosome1905

allosome1906

autosome1906

monosome1906

sex chromosome1906

supernumerary1907

X chromosome1911

Y chromosome1911

univalent1912

euchromosome1914

W1917

monosome1921

tetrasome1921

trisome1921

heterosome1938

isochromosome1939

trisomic1939

metacentric1945

acrocentric1949

polycentric1953

Philadelphia chromosome1961

monocentric1979

1921 A. F. Blakeslee in Amer. Naturalist 55 259 The following terms are suggested to designate sets with numbers of chromosomes from 1 to 12: monosome, disome, trisome, tetrasome, pentasome, hexasome, heptasome, oktasome, enneasome, dekasome, hendekasome, dodekasome.

1944 Genetics 29 232 16 monosomes and five trisomes were found in the 11 aberrant offspring.

1970 Caryologia 23 359 We report on the rates of transmission of disomes (21 II), monosomes (20 II + 1 I), double monosomes (19 II + 2 I) and plants carrying isochromosomes and telocentric chromosomes in two aneuploid series of wheat.

1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 7591/1 Due to the translocation of the one of the autosomes to the Y chromosome, a neo-Y chromosome and a monosome..were formed.

2001 Jrnl. Heredity 92 254 13 monosomic lines whose monosome carries a respective marker gene were established and named ‘marked monosomics’.

3. Cell Biology. A single intact ribosome, esp. when bound to messenger RNA.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [noun] > other organelles or contents

raphide1831

body1839

raphid1863

mucigen1874

cell sap1875

globoid1875

raphis1879

pyrenoid1883

mucinogen1884

plastid1885

molluscum corpuscle1886

hyalosome1889

molluscum body1892

statolith1892

dictyosome1893

centrosome1895

Nissl body1898

Nissl granule1898

Nissl substance1899

archespore1901

blepharoplast1907

liposome1910

statocone1910

kinetosome1912

Golgi body1916

kinetoplast1925

lipochondrion1936

microsome1943

kappa1945

Pappenheimer body1947

microbody1954

lysosome1955

siderosome1957

ribosome1958

melanosome1961

cisterna1962

microtubule1962

plasmalemmasome1962

phagolysosome1963

informosome1964

monosome1964

mucocyst1965

peroxisome1965

rhoptry1967

spectrin1968

virosome1970

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > RNA > ribosome

ribosome1958

polyribosome1962

polysome1962

monosome1964

1964 R. Haselkorn & V. A. Fried in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51 308 In a previous communication we presented evidence indicating that the addition of RNA from turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) to purified E. coli ribosomes results in the formation of a complex containing one 70s ribosome and one molecule of RNA. We shall call such complexes monosomes.

1972 Nature 31 Mar. 237/2 Fig. 1 shows a typical distribution of monosomes and polysomes isolated from non-infected and infected Proctor barley leaves.

1992 Insect Biochem. & Molecular Biol. 22 125 The enzyme degrades the mRNA present in polysomes inducing a shift of polysomes to monosomes.

2001 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 276 33821 The [L41] mRNAs are translated exclusively on monosomes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monosome
释义	monosomen. Brit. /ˈmɒnə(ʊ)səʊm/, U.S. /ˈmɑnəˌsoʊm/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mono- comb. form, -some comb. form. Etymology: < mono- comb. form + -some comb. form. Genetics and Cell Biology. 1. Genetics. A sex chromosome (in a species with heterogametic sex determination). disused. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome chromoplastid1885 accessory chromosome1899 chromoplast1902 X1902 heterochromosome1904 idiochromosome1905 macrochromosome1905 allosome1906 autosome1906 monosome1906 sex chromosome1906 supernumerary1907 X chromosome1911 Y chromosome1911 univalent1912 euchromosome1914 W1917 monosome1921 tetrasome1921 trisome1921 heterosome1938 isochromosome1939 trisomic1939 metacentric1945 acrocentric1949 polycentric1953 Philadelphia chromosome1961 monocentric1979 1906 T. H. Montgomery in Science 5 Jan. 36/2 Monosoma (or monosome), allosomes that are unpaired in the spermatogonia. 1913 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 203 2 This chromosome is the ‘heterotropic’ or X chromosome of Wilson, the ‘accessory’ chromosome of McClung, and the ‘monosome’ of Davis. 1915 Science 19 Mar. 440/2 In the first maturation division the monosome passes to one pole undivided. 2. Genetics. A chromosome that lacks its normal homologous partner. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > chromosome > types of chromosome chromoplastid1885 accessory chromosome1899 chromoplast1902 X1902 heterochromosome1904 idiochromosome1905 macrochromosome1905 allosome1906 autosome1906 monosome1906 sex chromosome1906 supernumerary1907 X chromosome1911 Y chromosome1911 univalent1912 euchromosome1914 W1917 monosome1921 tetrasome1921 trisome1921 heterosome1938 isochromosome1939 trisomic1939 metacentric1945 acrocentric1949 polycentric1953 Philadelphia chromosome1961 monocentric1979 1921 A. F. Blakeslee in Amer. Naturalist 55 259 The following terms are suggested to designate sets with numbers of chromosomes from 1 to 12: monosome, disome, trisome, tetrasome, pentasome, hexasome, heptasome, oktasome, enneasome, dekasome, hendekasome, dodekasome. 1944 Genetics 29 232 16 monosomes and five trisomes were found in the 11 aberrant offspring. 1970 Caryologia 23 359 We report on the rates of transmission of disomes (21 II), monosomes (20 II + 1 I), double monosomes (19 II + 2 I) and plants carrying isochromosomes and telocentric chromosomes in two aneuploid series of wheat. 1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 7591/1 Due to the translocation of the one of the autosomes to the Y chromosome, a neo-Y chromosome and a monosome..were formed. 2001 Jrnl. Heredity 92 254 13 monosomic lines whose monosome carries a respective marker gene were established and named ‘marked monosomics’. 3. Cell Biology. A single intact ribosome, esp. when bound to messenger RNA. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [noun] > other organelles or contents raphide1831 body1839 raphid1863 mucigen1874 cell sap1875 globoid1875 raphis1879 pyrenoid1883 mucinogen1884 plastid1885 molluscum corpuscle1886 hyalosome1889 molluscum body1892 statolith1892 dictyosome1893 centrosome1895 Nissl body1898 Nissl granule1898 Nissl substance1899 archespore1901 blepharoplast1907 liposome1910 statocone1910 kinetosome1912 Golgi body1916 kinetoplast1925 lipochondrion1936 microsome1943 kappa1945 Pappenheimer body1947 microbody1954 lysosome1955 siderosome1957 ribosome1958 melanosome1961 cisterna1962 microtubule1962 plasmalemmasome1962 phagolysosome1963 informosome1964 monosome1964 mucocyst1965 peroxisome1965 rhoptry1967 spectrin1968 virosome1970 the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > RNA > ribosome ribosome1958 polyribosome1962 polysome1962 monosome1964 1964 R. Haselkorn & V. A. Fried in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 51 308 In a previous communication we presented evidence indicating that the addition of RNA from turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) to purified E. coli ribosomes results in the formation of a complex containing one 70s ribosome and one molecule of RNA. We shall call such complexes monosomes. 1972 Nature 31 Mar. 237/2 Fig. 1 shows a typical distribution of monosomes and polysomes isolated from non-infected and infected Proctor barley leaves. 1992 Insect Biochem. & Molecular Biol. 22 125 The enzyme degrades the mRNA present in polysomes inducing a shift of polysomes to monosomes. 2001 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 276 33821 The [L41] mRNAs are translated exclusively on monosomes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1906
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