monsieurn.

Brit.

/məˈsjəː/, U.S.

/məˈsjər/,

/məˈʃər/

Inflections: Plural monsieurs.

Forms: 1500s monsher, 1500s monsieú, 1500s monsyre, 1500s moser, 1500s mounsare, 1500s mounsire, 1500s–1600s monser, 1500s–1600s monseur, 1500s–1600s monsier, 1500s–1600s mounser, 1500s–1600s mounsier, 1500s–1600s mounsieur, 1500s–1600s mounsor, 1500s–1600s 1900s– monsire (irregular), 1500s– monsieur, 1600s meunsier, 1600s monnsieur, 1600s mouncer, 1600s mounseir, 1600s mounseire, 1800s monsure. Scottish pre-1700 monseor, pre-1700 monser, pre-1700 monseur, pre-1700 monsewr, pre-1700 monsier, pre-1700 monsour, pre-1700 monsure, pre-1700 monzeor, pre-1700 munsere, pre-1700 munseur, pre-1700 munsour, pre-1700 munsur, pre-1700 musour, pre-1700 1700s– monsieur.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French monsieur.

Etymology: < Middle French monsieur (1297 in Old French as monsor as a title given in deference to a man of slightly higher rank, c1480 as a title of courtesy used to refer to any man, end of the 15th cent. as a title given to younger brothers of princes, c1515 with a designation of office, 1552 with an ironic epithet) < mon my + sieur lord (see sieur n.¹). Compare earlier messire n. For the corresponding French plural form see messieurs n. Compare also mounseer n., mossoo n.Compare Swedish munsjör (1607 as mossour ), Italian monsù , monsiù (1632), Spanish monsiur (1650), Danish monsieur (c1700 as †monsjø ), German Monsieur (mid 18th cent. or earlier), Dutch monsieur (18th cent. or earlier), all with reference to Frenchmen. The development of sense 5 is unclear. The pronunciation of this word varied considerably before 1900. The stress seems to have been placed on the first syllable by at least some speakers: it is so marked by Johnson and as late as the Imperial Dict. (1850); the occasional spelling of the second syllable as -er in the 16th and 17th cent. perhaps corroborates this. However, J. Walker Dict. Eng. Lang. (1775) already indicates stress on the second syllable. The frequent early spelling of the first syllable as moun- seems to indicate the diphthong of mount , which is borne out by the by-form mounseer n.; this may have been obsolete in ‘polite’ use by the 18th cent., since dictionaries do not record it. A few sources before the mid 19th cent. imply the presence of a short vowel (present-day British English/ɒ/ or /ʌ/), followed by n, in the first syllable; from the mid 19th cent. onwards, dictionaries tend to recommend the non-pronunciation of the n together with some variety of o or schwa, evidently in imitation of the French pronunciation. The second syllable seems to have been most commonly pronounced in the 16th and 17th centuries like the word seer; this is also given by Worcester (1859) and by Webster as late as 1913 (mŏ-sēr′). From the mid 19th cent. onwards, many dictionaries seem to have attempted to describe the French pronunciation of the second syllable, with varying degrees of authenticity, culminating in the Cent. Dict. (1890), which gives the equivalent of /məˈsjə/. N.E.D. (1908) gives the non-naturalized pronunciations (mosyö, məsyö) /mosjø/, /məsjø/.

a. A title prefixed to the surname or (less commonly) the first name of a man from France or a French-speaking area, originally restricted to men of high station but now equivalent to the English Mr. Also prefixed to a designation of rank or office. See also madame n., messieurs n. Abbreviated M.The title has also been occasionally applied to men of other (European) nationalities. The abbreviated forms Monr, Mons., Mons^r, Monsr, Mo^r (no longer current in French) were formerly used in written English, as:

1523 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 194 Mons^r. de Rokyndollff off thAllmains.

1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 86 When M. Rousseau published his Emilius... The following letter from mons. Rousseau... To accept of Mons. Rousseau's resignation.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for gentleman > for foreign gentleman or gentlemen

messire1477

monsieur1512

messieurs1539

Monsieurship1579

Mess.1750

1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 399 Monsure Lamote servitouris, that dansit ane moris to the King.

1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 133 Writtingis send furth of Ingland to Monsieur Bewis.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 464 Three of the greatest Caricks with their patrones, and Monsire Iaques de Burbon their Admirall were taken.

1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. sig. Iiv^v Let Mounsier Bergetto burne in his Heresie.

1616 Sir C. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 Mouncer Shamburgh when he is in town I hear lies near me.

c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1643 (1955) II. 90 The Palais of Monsieur de Bassompieres.

1668 J. Dryden Secret-love v. i. 50 Save you Monsieur Florimel; Faith me thinks you are a very janty fellow.

1715 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 251 There were also present several foreign Gentlemen, and among them Monsieur le Chevalier de Louville.

1773–4 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 325 I was sitting on a card-table, and conversing with Monsieur de Sauffure, Professor of Natural History at Geneva.

1848 J. Kavanagh Madeleine viii. 99 Monsieur Bignon was a hale..little man, on the verge of fifty.

1894 S. J. Weyman Under Red Robe II. xi. 259 ‘Well, Monsieur le Capitaine?’ the man beside me muttered.

1974 N. Freeling Dressing of Diamond 192 That is quite correct, Monsieur le Juge.

1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Tati, Jacques He played the role of Monsieur Hulot, a lanky, pipe-smoking fellow with a quizzical, innocent nature.

b. (A title of) the second son or the next younger brother of the King of France. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for a prince > for foreign prince > for second son of King of France

monsieur?1552

?1552–3 in M. Wood Foreign Corr. Marie de Lorraine (1925) II. 311 Madame, pleis ȝour grace to wit the Quenis grace and Monseris and Mesdames is in gude prosperite.

1572 H. Middelmore Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 8 The motion that was made to the Quene your mistris for Monsieur.

1608 T. Middleton Mad World, my Masters iv. sig. F3 It was suspected much in Mounsiers dayes.

1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C4^v The same time that Mounsier was here a Sutor to the Queene.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. ix. 445 The King, the Queens, the Monsieur, and Madame, with all the other Princes, and Princesses.

1798 R. C. Dallas tr. M. Cléry Jrnl. Occur. Louis XVI 159 Monsieur, and the Count d'Artois, were again assembling all the emigrants.

1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 84 They procured a committee to be held..to which Monsieur and the Count d'Artois should be admitted.

1906 Baroness Orczy I will Repay xviii. 205 The Luxembourg..the home of proud ‘Monsieur’ in the days of the Great Monarch.

1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) She was known as Mademoiselle because her father, Gaston de France, Duke d'Orléans and uncle of Louis XIV, had the designation of Monsieur.

c. In extended and humorous use, often with reference to the French practice of prefixing the title to a designation of office.

ΚΠ

?1553 Respublica (1952) i. iv. 14 Sayde not I he sholde be called mounsier Authoritye?

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. viii. sig. H.j^v I my selfe will mounsire graunde captaine vndertake.

1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lvii. 246 With this mounser graund captayne the great bragger: Was much a mased.

1563 Burnynge Paules Church sig. Di^v But that a man may not be wiser than Mounser Pope, I would interprete this greate miracle thus.

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 10 Mounsieur Cobweb, good Mounsieur, get you your weapons in your hand.

1692 J. Dryden All for Love (new ed.) Pref. sig. b2^v He has..transform'd the Hippolitus of Euripides into Monsieur Hippolite.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiii. i. 3 Alderman History tells his tedious Tale; and again to awaken thee, Monsieur Romance performs his surprizing Tricks of Dexterity.

1792 J. Wolcot Solomon & Mousetrap ii To catch that vile free-booter, Monsieur Mouse.

1802 G. Colman Broad Grins 116 He [sc. a drunk man] work'd, with sinuosities, along, Like Monsieur Corkscrew, worming thro' a Cork.

1894 G. B. Shaw Let. 6 Dec. (1965) I. 469 Something that brings the great Ibsen into line with Monsieur Tout-le-monde.

1902 E. W. Wilcox Kingdom of Love 78 They sent for Monsieur File-'em-off; He smoothed down the corners so ragged and rough.

1991 J. Peck Poems & Transl. Hi-Lö 44 Smoke drift from the Somme and Verdun disclosing the black cumulus of Monsieur le Science.

2. colloquial. A person usually addressed as ‘Monsieur’, a Frenchman; spec. (in early use) a Frenchman of rank. Now rare.In quots. 1705, 1756 probably: a French vessel or warship, personified as a Frenchman (cf. sense 3b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of France

FrenchmanOE

monsieur?a1513

Gaul1630

frog1657

Gallic1755

mounseer1755

parleyvoo1755

frog-eater1766

Galloman1787

mossoo1809

Frencher1826

Frenchy1829

parley1831

crapaud?c1834

wi-wi1841

froggy1853

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 223 Monsouris of France, gud clarat cunnaris.

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxii. f. 157^v He knew hir to be..a Paragon and mirror of chast life & modesty. Which tormented this amorous Mounsier beyond mesure.

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 343 But the monzeoris of the court..could not abyd such hard speiking.

1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. iii. 21 Now I would pray our Monsieurs To thinke an English Courtier may be wise, And neuer see the Louure.

?c1625 in E. Beveridge & J. D. Westwood Fergusson's Sc. Prov. (1924) No. 1434 The monseuris of France, the bischops of Italy, the nobility of Hungary, the lairdis of Scotland..mak a poor company.

1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 59 A shoolesse Souldier there a man might meete, Leading his Mounsier by the armes fast bound.

1635 Lieut. Hammond Relation Surv. W. Counties in Camden Misc. (1936) XVI. iii. 11 With these French Mounseers I ioyn'd this night..and had free mirth and good content from them.

1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 8 Nor shall we then need the Mounsieurs of Paris to take our hopefull youth into thir..custodies and send them over back again transform'd into mimics.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 88 The French..whose Factory is better stor'd with Monsieurs than with Cash.

1705 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 580 At last the monsieurs struck, and are brought into Plymouth.

1756 Rec. Colony Rhode Island (1860) V. 472 I do not doubt if the monsieurs should think proper to attack us, we should be able to give them a good flogging.

1846 H. Melville Typee (rev. ed.) Sequel 304 Jimmy..had a talk about the ‘Wee-Wees’, as the people of Nukukeva call the Monsieurs.

1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians II. xv. 128 France is our destination—where I hope to see my friends the Monsieurs once more.

1932 E. Blunden Halfway House 93 I saw as I went a French monsire Dead, stript and black as soot.

a. With omission of the name, or in substitution for it: a title of courtesy for or form of address to a French-speaking man. Also used in representations of the speech of French speakers.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > [noun] > courtesy title

honourablea1440

master1489

Hon'ble?1541

monsieur1598

curiality1641

courtesy title1840

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. i. 44 Mounsier, are you not lettred?

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 88 Where are my other men? Monsieur, farwell.

1634 Noble Souldier iv. sig. G2 Toads-guts,..doe you heare, Monsire?

1705 J. Swift Descr. of Salamander in Misc. (1711) 372 We say, Monsieur, to an Ape Without offence to Human Shape.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 254 The French carpenter cannot saw his boards without..calling to his fellow, Monsieur, have the goodness to reach me that file.

1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. xvi. 256 ‘Your pardon, monsieur,’ rejoined the Frenchman, suffering a slight colour to appear on his dark cheek.

1873 W. D. Howells Chance Acquaintance viii. 174 ‘Monsieur heaps me with benefits;—monsieur—’ began the bewildered cooper.

1921 D. H. Lawrence Tortoises 34 I heard a woman pitying her, pitying the Mère Tortue. While I, I pity Monsieur.

1963 J. Hitrec tr. I. Andríc Bosnian Chron. xxi. 336 We are for Russia, monsieur, and for the liberation of Orthodox Christians from the antichrist.

1992 Gramophone Jan. 6/3 Monsieur divined..I shared an interest in French song.

†b. colloquial. The French nation personified; French people generally. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun]

FrenchOE

flowerc1330

fleur-de-lis1523

monsieur1673

messieurs1737

mounseer1755

Johnny Crapaud1805

1673 Remarques on Humours of Town 95 When they are witty, they are alwaies beholding to Monsieur.

1695 Roxburghe Ballads (1887) VI. 446 Now Monsieur bring out all you can, We'll fight yon ship or man to man.

1701 T. Brown Advice to Kentish-Long-Tails in Duke of Buckingham Wks. (1705) II. ii. 106 That, that's the sure way to Mortifie France: For Monsieur our Nation will always be Gulling.

1746 New-Year's Verses (single sheet) Warren, whose very Name strikes Terror, Shall shew Monsieur and Don their Error.

†4. In full Monsieur plum, Monsieur's plum. A variety of plum, the Orleans (Orleans n. 2b). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of

white plumc1330

bullacea1375

myxe?1440

prunelloa1450

bullace-fruit1530

horse plum1530

plum1530

wheat-plum1538

wheaten plum1542

choke-plum1556

pear plum1573

finger plum1577

scad1577

skeg1601

merchant1602

bullace-plum1608

malacadonian1608

prune plum1613

date plum1626

mussel plum1626

amber plum1629

black plum1629

primordian1629

queen mother1629

winter crack1629

myrobalan1630

Christian1651

Monsieur's plum1658

cinnamon-plum1664

date1664

primordial1664

Orleans1674

mirabelle1706

myrobalan plum1708

Mogul1718

mussel1718

Chickasaw plum1760

blue gage1764

magnum bonum1764

golden drop1772

beach-plum1785

sweet plum1796

winesour1836

wild plum1838

quetsch1839

egg-plum1859

Victoria1860

cherry plum1866

bladder-plum1869

prune1872

sour plum1874

Carlsbad plum1885

horse-jug1886

French plum1939

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 128 Monsieurs Plum [Fr. De Monsieur].

1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. i. 40 The Monsieur Plum is large, round, and of a Violet Colour.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Prunus Prune de Monsieur, i.e. the Monsieur Plum.

1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 248 Orleans (Anglaise Noire; Monsieur; Monsieur Ordinaire; [etc.]).

†5. Cookery. The fat of a turtle. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > turtles or sea-tortoises > parts of

calipash1674

calipee1689

hut1698

monsieur1751

pee1764

turtle-shell1828

hyosternal1835

xiphiplastron1871

xiphisternum1872

pygal1885

xiphiplastral1889

turtle-back1898

1751 H. Glasse Art of Cookery (ed. 4) App. 331 To dress a Turtle, the West-India Way..take from the Backshell all the Meat and Intrails, except the Monsieur, which is the Fat and looks green.

1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper ii. 12 Cut the fleshy Part [of the turtle] into Pieces,..but leave the fat Part, which looks green, (it is called the Monsieur).

Compounds

† Monsieur Jean n. Obsolete rare = Monsieur John n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of

calewey1377

honey peara1400

pome-pear1440

pome-wardena1513

choke-pear1530

muscadel1555

worry pear1562

lording1573

bon-chrétienc1575

Burgundian pear1578

king pear1585

pound pear1585

poppering1597

wood of Jerusalem1597

muscadine1598

amiot1600

bergamot1600

butter pear1600

dew-pear1600

greening1600

mollart1600

roset1600

wax pear1600

bottle pear1601

gourd-pear1601

Venerian pear1601

musk pear1611

rose pear1611

pusill1615

Christian1629

nutmeg1629

rolling pear1629

surreine1629

sweater1629

amber pear1638

Venus-pear1648

horse-pear1657

Martin1658

russet1658

rousselet1660

diego1664

frith-pear1664

maudlin1664

Messire Jean1664

primate1664

sovereign1664

spindle-pear1664

stopple-pear1664

sugar-pear1664

virgin1664

Windsor pear1664

violet-pear1666

nonsuch1674

muscat1675

burnt-cat1676

squash pear1676

rose1678

Longueville1681

maiden-heart1685

ambrette1686

vermilion1691

admiral1693

sanguinole1693

satin1693

St. Germain pear1693

pounder pear1697

vine-pear1704

amadot1706

marchioness1706

marquise1706

Margaret1707

short-neck1707

musk1708

burree1719

marquis1728

union pear1728

Doyenne pear1731

Magdalene1731

beurré1736

colmar1736

Monsieur Jean1736

muscadella1736

swan's egg1736

chaumontel1755

St Michael's pear1796

Williams1807

Marie Louise1817

seckel1817

Bartlett1828

vergaloo1828

Passe Colmar1837

glou-morceau1859

London sugar1860

snow-pear1860

Comice1866

Kieffer pear1880

sand pear1880

sandy pear1884

snowy pear1884

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 328 These Pears [Oct.]. Green Sugar,..Monsieur Jean,..and others.

† Monsieur John n. Obsolete a variety of dessert pear.

ΚΠ

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Pyrus Messire-Jean blanc & gris, i.e. The White and Grey Monsieur John.

1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 200 Messire Jean (..Monsieur John)... A dessert pear of little merit.

† Monsieurland n. colloquial Obsolete rare France.

ΚΠ

1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love i. ii. 11 They were of your wild English.., a kind of Northern Beast, that is taught its feats of activity in Monsieurland.

Monsieur Paris n. [after French Monsieur de Paris (19th cent. in this sense)] now historical the public executioner of Paris.

ΚΠ

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. vii. 71 At the gallows and the wheel..Monsieur Paris..presided.

1923 W. S. Davis Life on Mediaeval Barony x. 166 Down to the verge of the Revolution the chief hangman of the capital of France was ‘Monsieur Paris’.

Monsieur plum n. see sense 4.

† Monsieur's pear n. Obsolete rare a variety of pear; (perh). = Monsieur John n.

ΚΠ

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 114 Monsieurs Pear [Fr. De Monsieur].

Monsieur's plum n. see sense 4.

Derivatives

† Monsieur-like adv. Obsolete in the manner of a Frenchman.

ΚΠ

a1668 W. Davenant Fair Favorite i. i. 87 in Wks. (1673) Kissing his Hairy hand, most Monsieur like.

1679 G. Rose tr. P. Boaistuau Theatre of World iii. 245 And dressing of themselves Monsieur-like.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	monsieur
释义	monsieurn. Brit. /məˈsjəː/, U.S. /məˈsjər/, /məˈʃər/ Inflections: Plural monsieurs. Forms: 1500s monsher, 1500s monsieú, 1500s monsyre, 1500s moser, 1500s mounsare, 1500s mounsire, 1500s–1600s monser, 1500s–1600s monseur, 1500s–1600s monsier, 1500s–1600s mounser, 1500s–1600s mounsier, 1500s–1600s mounsieur, 1500s–1600s mounsor, 1500s–1600s 1900s– monsire (irregular), 1500s– monsieur, 1600s meunsier, 1600s monnsieur, 1600s mouncer, 1600s mounseir, 1600s mounseire, 1800s monsure. Scottish pre-1700 monseor, pre-1700 monser, pre-1700 monseur, pre-1700 monsewr, pre-1700 monsier, pre-1700 monsour, pre-1700 monsure, pre-1700 monzeor, pre-1700 munsere, pre-1700 munseur, pre-1700 munsour, pre-1700 munsur, pre-1700 musour, pre-1700 1700s– monsieur. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French monsieur. Etymology: < Middle French monsieur (1297 in Old French as monsor as a title given in deference to a man of slightly higher rank, c1480 as a title of courtesy used to refer to any man, end of the 15th cent. as a title given to younger brothers of princes, c1515 with a designation of office, 1552 with an ironic epithet) < mon my + sieur lord (see sieur n.¹). Compare earlier messire n. For the corresponding French plural form see messieurs n. Compare also mounseer n., mossoo n.Compare Swedish munsjör (1607 as mossour ), Italian monsù , monsiù (1632), Spanish monsiur (1650), Danish monsieur (c1700 as †monsjø ), German Monsieur (mid 18th cent. or earlier), Dutch monsieur (18th cent. or earlier), all with reference to Frenchmen. The development of sense 5 is unclear. The pronunciation of this word varied considerably before 1900. The stress seems to have been placed on the first syllable by at least some speakers: it is so marked by Johnson and as late as the Imperial Dict. (1850); the occasional spelling of the second syllable as -er in the 16th and 17th cent. perhaps corroborates this. However, J. Walker Dict. Eng. Lang. (1775) already indicates stress on the second syllable. The frequent early spelling of the first syllable as moun- seems to indicate the diphthong of mount , which is borne out by the by-form mounseer n.; this may have been obsolete in ‘polite’ use by the 18th cent., since dictionaries do not record it. A few sources before the mid 19th cent. imply the presence of a short vowel (present-day British English/ɒ/ or /ʌ/), followed by n, in the first syllable; from the mid 19th cent. onwards, dictionaries tend to recommend the non-pronunciation of the n together with some variety of o or schwa, evidently in imitation of the French pronunciation. The second syllable seems to have been most commonly pronounced in the 16th and 17th centuries like the word seer; this is also given by Worcester (1859) and by Webster as late as 1913 (mŏ-sēr′). From the mid 19th cent. onwards, many dictionaries seem to have attempted to describe the French pronunciation of the second syllable, with varying degrees of authenticity, culminating in the Cent. Dict. (1890), which gives the equivalent of /məˈsjə/. N.E.D. (1908) gives the non-naturalized pronunciations (mosyö, məsyö) /mosjø/, /məsjø/. 1. a. A title prefixed to the surname or (less commonly) the first name of a man from France or a French-speaking area, originally restricted to men of high station but now equivalent to the English Mr. Also prefixed to a designation of rank or office. See also madame n., messieurs n. Abbreviated M.The title has also been occasionally applied to men of other (European) nationalities. The abbreviated forms Monr, Mons., Mons^r, Monsr, Mo^r (no longer current in French) were formerly used in written English, as: 1523 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 194 Mons^r. de Rokyndollff off thAllmains. 1764 Ann. Reg. 1763 86 When M. Rousseau published his Emilius... The following letter from mons. Rousseau... To accept of Mons. Rousseau's resignation. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for gentleman > for foreign gentleman or gentlemen messire1477 monsieur1512 messieurs1539 Monsieurship1579 Mess.1750 1512 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 399 Monsure Lamote servitouris, that dansit ane moris to the King. 1533 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1905) VI. 133 Writtingis send furth of Ingland to Monsieur Bewis. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 464 Three of the greatest Caricks with their patrones, and Monsire Iaques de Burbon their Admirall were taken. 1582 G. Whetstone Heptameron Ciuill Disc. sig. Iiv^v Let Mounsier Bergetto burne in his Heresie. 1616 Sir C. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 248 Mouncer Shamburgh when he is in town I hear lies near me. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1643 (1955) II. 90 The Palais of Monsieur de Bassompieres. 1668 J. Dryden Secret-love v. i. 50 Save you Monsieur Florimel; Faith me thinks you are a very janty fellow. 1715 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. 1714–16 (Royal Soc.) 29 251 There were also present several foreign Gentlemen, and among them Monsieur le Chevalier de Louville. 1773–4 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 63 325 I was sitting on a card-table, and conversing with Monsieur de Sauffure, Professor of Natural History at Geneva. 1848 J. Kavanagh Madeleine viii. 99 Monsieur Bignon was a hale..little man, on the verge of fifty. 1894 S. J. Weyman Under Red Robe II. xi. 259 ‘Well, Monsieur le Capitaine?’ the man beside me muttered. 1974 N. Freeling Dressing of Diamond 192 That is quite correct, Monsieur le Juge. 1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Tati, Jacques He played the role of Monsieur Hulot, a lanky, pipe-smoking fellow with a quizzical, innocent nature. b. (A title of) the second son or the next younger brother of the King of France. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > titles applied to royalty > for a prince > for foreign prince > for second son of King of France monsieur?1552 ?1552–3 in M. Wood Foreign Corr. Marie de Lorraine (1925) II. 311 Madame, pleis ȝour grace to wit the Quenis grace and Monseris and Mesdames is in gude prosperite. 1572 H. Middelmore Let. 17 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 8 The motion that was made to the Quene your mistris for Monsieur. 1608 T. Middleton Mad World, my Masters iv. sig. F3 It was suspected much in Mounsiers dayes. 1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C4^v The same time that Mounsier was here a Sutor to the Queene. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. ix. 445 The King, the Queens, the Monsieur, and Madame, with all the other Princes, and Princesses. 1798 R. C. Dallas tr. M. Cléry Jrnl. Occur. Louis XVI 159 Monsieur, and the Count d'Artois, were again assembling all the emigrants. 1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Writings (1984) 84 They procured a committee to be held..to which Monsieur and the Count d'Artois should be admitted. 1906 Baroness Orczy I will Repay xviii. 205 The Luxembourg..the home of proud ‘Monsieur’ in the days of the Great Monarch. 1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) She was known as Mademoiselle because her father, Gaston de France, Duke d'Orléans and uncle of Louis XIV, had the designation of Monsieur. c. In extended and humorous use, often with reference to the French practice of prefixing the title to a designation of office. ΚΠ ?1553 Respublica (1952) i. iv. 14 Sayde not I he sholde be called mounsier Authoritye? a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) iv. viii. sig. H.j^v I my selfe will mounsire graunde captaine vndertake. 1556 J. Heywood Spider & Flie lvii. 246 With this mounser graund captayne the great bragger: Was much a mased. 1563 Burnynge Paules Church sig. Di^v But that a man may not be wiser than Mounser Pope, I would interprete this greate miracle thus. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iv. i. 10 Mounsieur Cobweb, good Mounsieur, get you your weapons in your hand. View more context for this quotation 1692 J. Dryden All for Love (new ed.) Pref. sig. b2^v He has..transform'd the Hippolitus of Euripides into Monsieur Hippolite. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiii. i. 3 Alderman History tells his tedious Tale; and again to awaken thee, Monsieur Romance performs his surprizing Tricks of Dexterity. 1792 J. Wolcot Solomon & Mousetrap ii To catch that vile free-booter, Monsieur Mouse. 1802 G. Colman Broad Grins 116 He [sc. a drunk man] work'd, with sinuosities, along, Like Monsieur Corkscrew, worming thro' a Cork. 1894 G. B. Shaw Let. 6 Dec. (1965) I. 469 Something that brings the great Ibsen into line with Monsieur Tout-le-monde. 1902 E. W. Wilcox Kingdom of Love 78 They sent for Monsieur File-'em-off; He smoothed down the corners so ragged and rough. 1991 J. Peck Poems & Transl. Hi-Lö 44 Smoke drift from the Somme and Verdun disclosing the black cumulus of Monsieur le Science. 2. colloquial. A person usually addressed as ‘Monsieur’, a Frenchman; spec. (in early use) a Frenchman of rank. Now rare.In quots. 1705, 1756 probably: a French vessel or warship, personified as a Frenchman (cf. sense 3b). ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun] > native or inhabitant of France FrenchmanOE monsieur?a1513 Gaul1630 frog1657 Gallic1755 mounseer1755 parleyvoo1755 frog-eater1766 Galloman1787 mossoo1809 Frencher1826 Frenchy1829 parley1831 crapaud?c1834 wi-wi1841 froggy1853 a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 223 Monsouris of France, gud clarat cunnaris. 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxii. f. 157^v He knew hir to be..a Paragon and mirror of chast life & modesty. Which tormented this amorous Mounsier beyond mesure. a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. in Wks. (1848) II. 343 But the monzeoris of the court..could not abyd such hard speiking. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII i. iii. 21 Now I would pray our Monsieurs To thinke an English Courtier may be wise, And neuer see the Louure. View more context for this quotation ?c1625 in E. Beveridge & J. D. Westwood Fergusson's Sc. Prov. (1924) No. 1434 The monseuris of France, the bischops of Italy, the nobility of Hungary, the lairdis of Scotland..mak a poor company. 1627 M. Drayton Battaile Agincourt 59 A shoolesse Souldier there a man might meete, Leading his Mounsier by the armes fast bound. 1635 Lieut. Hammond Relation Surv. W. Counties in Camden Misc. (1936) XVI. iii. 11 With these French Mounseers I ioyn'd this night..and had free mirth and good content from them. 1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 8 Nor shall we then need the Mounsieurs of Paris to take our hopefull youth into thir..custodies and send them over back again transform'd into mimics. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 88 The French..whose Factory is better stor'd with Monsieurs than with Cash. 1705 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 580 At last the monsieurs struck, and are brought into Plymouth. 1756 Rec. Colony Rhode Island (1860) V. 472 I do not doubt if the monsieurs should think proper to attack us, we should be able to give them a good flogging. 1846 H. Melville Typee (rev. ed.) Sequel 304 Jimmy..had a talk about the ‘Wee-Wees’, as the people of Nukukeva call the Monsieurs. 1858 W. M. Thackeray Virginians II. xv. 128 France is our destination—where I hope to see my friends the Monsieurs once more. 1932 E. Blunden Halfway House 93 I saw as I went a French monsire Dead, stript and black as soot. 3. a. With omission of the name, or in substitution for it: a title of courtesy for or form of address to a French-speaking man. Also used in representations of the speech of French speakers. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > [noun] > courtesy title honourablea1440 master1489 Hon'ble?1541 monsieur1598 curiality1641 courtesy title1840 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. i. 44 Mounsier, are you not lettred? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. v. 88 Where are my other men? Monsieur, farwell. View more context for this quotation 1634 Noble Souldier iv. sig. G2 Toads-guts,..doe you heare, Monsire? 1705 J. Swift Descr. of Salamander in Misc. (1711) 372 We say, Monsieur, to an Ape Without offence to Human Shape. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iv. 254 The French carpenter cannot saw his boards without..calling to his fellow, Monsieur, have the goodness to reach me that file. 1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. xvi. 256 ‘Your pardon, monsieur,’ rejoined the Frenchman, suffering a slight colour to appear on his dark cheek. 1873 W. D. Howells Chance Acquaintance viii. 174 ‘Monsieur heaps me with benefits;—monsieur—’ began the bewildered cooper. 1921 D. H. Lawrence Tortoises 34 I heard a woman pitying her, pitying the Mère Tortue. While I, I pity Monsieur. 1963 J. Hitrec tr. I. Andríc Bosnian Chron. xxi. 336 We are for Russia, monsieur, and for the liberation of Orthodox Christians from the antichrist. 1992 Gramophone Jan. 6/3 Monsieur divined..I shared an interest in French song. †b. colloquial. The French nation personified; French people generally. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > French nation > [noun] FrenchOE flowerc1330 fleur-de-lis1523 monsieur1673 messieurs1737 mounseer1755 Johnny Crapaud1805 1673 Remarques on Humours of Town 95 When they are witty, they are alwaies beholding to Monsieur. 1695 Roxburghe Ballads (1887) VI. 446 Now Monsieur bring out all you can, We'll fight yon ship or man to man. 1701 T. Brown Advice to Kentish-Long-Tails in Duke of Buckingham Wks. (1705) II. ii. 106 That, that's the sure way to Mortifie France: For Monsieur our Nation will always be Gulling. 1746 New-Year's Verses (single sheet) Warren, whose very Name strikes Terror, Shall shew Monsieur and Don their Error. †4. In full Monsieur plum, Monsieur's plum. A variety of plum, the Orleans (Orleans n. 2b). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > plum > other types of white plumc1330 bullacea1375 myxe?1440 prunelloa1450 bullace-fruit1530 horse plum1530 plum1530 wheat-plum1538 wheaten plum1542 choke-plum1556 pear plum1573 finger plum1577 scad1577 skeg1601 merchant1602 bullace-plum1608 malacadonian1608 prune plum1613 date plum1626 mussel plum1626 amber plum1629 black plum1629 primordian1629 queen mother1629 winter crack1629 myrobalan1630 Christian1651 Monsieur's plum1658 cinnamon-plum1664 date1664 primordial1664 Orleans1674 mirabelle1706 myrobalan plum1708 Mogul1718 mussel1718 Chickasaw plum1760 blue gage1764 magnum bonum1764 golden drop1772 beach-plum1785 sweet plum1796 winesour1836 wild plum1838 quetsch1839 egg-plum1859 Victoria1860 cherry plum1866 bladder-plum1869 prune1872 sour plum1874 Carlsbad plum1885 horse-jug1886 French plum1939 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 128 Monsieurs Plum [Fr. De Monsieur]. 1706 G. London & H. Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. i. 40 The Monsieur Plum is large, round, and of a Violet Colour. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Prunus Prune de Monsieur, i.e. the Monsieur Plum. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 248 Orleans (Anglaise Noire; Monsieur; Monsieur Ordinaire; [etc.]). †5. Cookery. The fat of a turtle. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > turtles or sea-tortoises > parts of calipash1674 calipee1689 hut1698 monsieur1751 pee1764 turtle-shell1828 hyosternal1835 xiphiplastron1871 xiphisternum1872 pygal1885 xiphiplastral1889 turtle-back1898 1751 H. Glasse Art of Cookery (ed. 4) App. 331 To dress a Turtle, the West-India Way..take from the Backshell all the Meat and Intrails, except the Monsieur, which is the Fat and looks green. 1769 E. Raffald Experienced Eng. House-keeper ii. 12 Cut the fleshy Part [of the turtle] into Pieces,..but leave the fat Part, which looks green, (it is called the Monsieur). Compounds † Monsieur Jean n. Obsolete rare = Monsieur John n. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > pear > other types of calewey1377 honey peara1400 pome-pear1440 pome-wardena1513 choke-pear1530 muscadel1555 worry pear1562 lording1573 bon-chrétienc1575 Burgundian pear1578 king pear1585 pound pear1585 poppering1597 wood of Jerusalem1597 muscadine1598 amiot1600 bergamot1600 butter pear1600 dew-pear1600 greening1600 mollart1600 roset1600 wax pear1600 bottle pear1601 gourd-pear1601 Venerian pear1601 musk pear1611 rose pear1611 pusill1615 Christian1629 nutmeg1629 rolling pear1629 surreine1629 sweater1629 amber pear1638 Venus-pear1648 horse-pear1657 Martin1658 russet1658 rousselet1660 diego1664 frith-pear1664 maudlin1664 Messire Jean1664 primate1664 sovereign1664 spindle-pear1664 stopple-pear1664 sugar-pear1664 virgin1664 Windsor pear1664 violet-pear1666 nonsuch1674 muscat1675 burnt-cat1676 squash pear1676 rose1678 Longueville1681 maiden-heart1685 ambrette1686 vermilion1691 admiral1693 sanguinole1693 satin1693 St. Germain pear1693 pounder pear1697 vine-pear1704 amadot1706 marchioness1706 marquise1706 Margaret1707 short-neck1707 musk1708 burree1719 marquis1728 union pear1728 Doyenne pear1731 Magdalene1731 beurré1736 colmar1736 Monsieur Jean1736 muscadella1736 swan's egg1736 chaumontel1755 St Michael's pear1796 Williams1807 Marie Louise1817 seckel1817 Bartlett1828 vergaloo1828 Passe Colmar1837 glou-morceau1859 London sugar1860 snow-pear1860 Comice1866 Kieffer pear1880 sand pear1880 sandy pear1884 snowy pear1884 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. iii. 328 These Pears [Oct.]. Green Sugar,..Monsieur Jean,..and others. † Monsieur John n. Obsolete a variety of dessert pear. ΚΠ 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Pyrus Messire-Jean blanc & gris, i.e. The White and Grey Monsieur John. 1860 R. Hogg Fruit Man. 200 Messire Jean (..Monsieur John)... A dessert pear of little merit. † Monsieurland n. colloquial Obsolete rare France. ΚΠ 1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love i. ii. 11 They were of your wild English.., a kind of Northern Beast, that is taught its feats of activity in Monsieurland. Monsieur Paris n. [after French Monsieur de Paris (19th cent. in this sense)] now historical the public executioner of Paris. ΚΠ 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities ii. vii. 71 At the gallows and the wheel..Monsieur Paris..presided. 1923 W. S. Davis Life on Mediaeval Barony x. 166 Down to the verge of the Revolution the chief hangman of the capital of France was ‘Monsieur Paris’. Monsieur plum n. see sense 4. † Monsieur's pear n. Obsolete rare a variety of pear; (perh). = Monsieur John n. ΚΠ 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 114 Monsieurs Pear [Fr. De Monsieur]. Monsieur's plum n. see sense 4. Derivatives † Monsieur-like adv. Obsolete in the manner of a Frenchman. ΚΠ a1668 W. Davenant Fair Favorite i. i. 87 in Wks. (1673) Kissing his Hairy hand, most Monsieur like. 1679 G. Rose tr. P. Boaistuau Theatre of World iii. 245 And dressing of themselves Monsieur-like. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1512
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