monovalentadj.
/ˌmɒnə(ʊ)ˈveɪlənt/, /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)ˈveɪln̩t/, U.S. /ˌmɑnəˈveɪl(ə)nt/ 1. Chemistry. Having a valency of one.
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the world > matter > chemistry > valency > [adjective] > having a valency of one
monatomic1848
monad1866
monodynamic1867
univalent1869
monovalent1871
monadic1877
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > [adjective] > of or relating to elements > by number of compounds formed > forming one compound
monogenic1868
monogenous1870
monovalent1871
1871 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. (new ed.) xvi. 172 The elements of the first group combine atom for atom with hydrogen, they are monovalent elements or monads, and they possess only one combining power.
1881 W. R. Hodgkinson & A. J. Greenaway tr. J. Wislicenus Strecker's Short Text-bk. Org. Chem. 114 The Monovalent Alcohol Radicals.
1923 U. R. Evans Metals & Metallic Compounds I. ii. vii. 279 It should, however, be pointed out that in many cases the adsorption of different monovalent, divalent and trivalent ions differ greatly among themselves.
1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) ii. 13 The basic dyes, monovalent acid salts of dye bases, are the more satisfactory for the staining of bacteria.
1978 H. M. Rosenberg Solid State (ed. 2) iii. 38 Consider what happens if a positive divalent ion is introduced into a monovalent lattice.
1991 Analyt. Chem. 64 146/1 Histamine existing as a monovalent cation may be repulsed by the heme.
2. Cell Biology. = univalent adj. 2.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > chromosome > chromosomes in respect of meiosis
non-homologous1883
quadrivalent1898
univalent1898
bivalent1899
plurivalent1901
homologous1903
heterotropic1905
monovalent1906
heteromorphic1917
homomorphic1917
trivalent1921
multivalent1929
sexivalent1931
nullisomic1932
quinquevalent1935
1906 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1905 570 Whether each half of the chromosome is to be regarded as a monovalent chromosome is doubtful.
1975 Jrnl. Cell Sci. 19 281 After fusion with mitotic HeLa cells, the interphase chromosomes of the mini segregants are seen as either monovalent or bivalent prematurely condensed chromosomes.
1988 Developmental Biol. 126 242 Detailed cytological examination revealed that chromosomes in cytochalasin-treated oocytes were monovalent.
3. Immunology.
a. Containing or designating an antigen from a single strain of a microorganism.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > vaccine or antiserum > [adjective] > monovalent or trivalent
monovalent1930
trivalent1959
1930 H. Child tr. A. Besredka Immunity in Infectious Dis. iii. 44 The same conclusion,..that the streptococcus is unique, because the monovalent serum acts against all the human streptococci.
1960 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 19 Mar. 1230/1 The influenza pandemic which occurred in the United States in 1957–1958 provided an excellent opportunity to determine the efficacy of monovalent vaccines.
1977 N.Y. Times 9 Feb. A1/2 The moratorium remains in effect for monovalent shots against swine flu for the general population.
1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. vii. 107 This cost could be reduced by using pooled reagents, retesting positive specimens with monovalent reagents if desired.
b. Of an antigen or antibody: having only one site at which it can become attached to antibody or antigen, respectively.
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the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > immunogen or antigen > [adjective] > valency of
polyvalent1912
multivalent1934
univalent1939
monovalent1960
the world > life > biology > substance > process stimulators or inhibitors > antibody > [adjective] > valency of
polyvalent1912
multivalent1934
univalent1939
monovalent1960
1960 Jrnl. Immunol. 84 409 The studies..were carried out with antibodies specific for two haptenic groups of dissimilar nature... It was essential for the experiments involving hapten-antibody combination in vivo that the haptens be molecularly dispersed, since aggregation of hapten in vivo would result in the hapten no longer being monovalent.
1972 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 142/2 The agglutinin used in this experiment was a monovalent rather than a divalent agglutinin, that is, a molecule which binds to the cell surface with its one remaining active site but which cannot cause agglutination because it lacks a second active site.
1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xiv. 828 (caption) Monovalent fragments, made by protease digestion..are used because they cannot cross-link cells and cause irrelevant adhesions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1871