modalityn.

1545 J. Bale Mysterye Inyquyte P. Pantolabus f. 34 Substancialite, deificalite,..modalite, supposytalite, ypostaticalite.

a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Epist. First Chapter Paul to Ephesians (1618) xix. 367 Liberty in this sense,..contingency, necessity, these are modalities agreeing to effects, as effects are in order to their second causes.

1647 M. Hudson Divine Right Govt. ii. iii. 87 Even the temporal part of that promise..was performed exactly in the reality, though not in the Modality thereof.

1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. x. 401 We cannot conceive the modality of any substance as a Being distinct from that substance... We cannot conceive a circle as a being distinct from extension whose modality it is.

1825 New Monthly Mag. 14 474 The resemblance takes its colour from the modalities of thought and feeling of the artist by whom it is sketched.

1881 J. Todhunter Rienzi i. i. 6 The barber's mystery is, indeed, my quality or modality. I am barber per accidens; but my vera essentia is philosopher.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 37 Stephen closed his eyes to hear his boots crush crackling wrack and shells... Five, six: the nacheinander. Exactly: and that is the ineluctable modality of the audible.

1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 23 Jan. 88/4 Defoe..shares with Joyce an almost total responsiveness to the ineluctable modality of things.

2000 S. Benso Face of Things vii. 84 The modality of the present-at-hand is thus the modality of things which are worldless.

1656 T. Burton Diary (1828) I. 44 Shall punctilios and modalities and forms, bind and tie up a Parliament?

1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 318 These Men..have by their Modalities, Suppositalities, Circumincessions, and twenty such other Chimeras, so misrepresented this..Article of the Trinity to Mens Reason.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick To Rdr. The modalitie of propositions doth explicate the subject or predicate of the proposition wherein it is.

1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. §4 But whether the modality be natural, moral, &c. yet in all these propositions it is the mode is the proper predicate.

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. i. iv. §2 Those distinctions among propositions which are said to have reference to their modality.

1870 W. S. Jevons Elem. Lessons Logic vii. 70 All these assertions are made with a different degree of certainty or modality.

1927 Mind 36 7 Then we shall have the plain straightforward conjunctive fact P-and-Q, which does not involve Modality.

1949 E. H. Hutten & M. Reichenbach tr. H. Reichenbach Theory of Probability (ed. 2) x. §80. 404 Like probabilities, the modalities must be regarded as properties not of individual propositions but of propositional sequences.

1951 G. H. von Wright Ess. Modal Logic 3 Related to the problems of mixed modalities are the problems of super-imposed or higher order modalities.

1972 Philos. Rev. 81 90 There are sentences involving de re modality which have no de dicto equivalents.

1989 Brit. Jrnl. Philos. Sci. 40 561 He introduces the reader to de dicto and de re modalities, to quantified modal logic, and to Quine's objections to quantified modal logic which focus on essentialism and cross-world identity.

2017 T. Tulenheimo Objects & Modalities i. 17 Most philosophers and logicians discussing the conceptual problems of modalities have ignored the way in which Hintikka deals with modal individuals.

1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 368/1 These Categories consist of four primordial classes: 1. quantity, 2. quality, 3. relation, 4. modality; each class containing three Categories.

1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 53 What modality have such sentences as these, ‘S will be P’, ‘S ought to be P’, ‘S may be P’, ‘S has been P’? No one of them affirms reality, but the unreal which is past in the last is something quite different from that which is permitted, enjoined, or future in the others... If all these shades of meaning had been taken into account, the forms of modality might have been correspondingly increased in number.

1907 Philos. Rev. 16 590 Analogous innovations of Kant's own are shown in his divisions with respect to quality, relation, and modality.

1966 P. F. Strawson Bounds of Sense ii. ii. 78 Under the head of modality a distinction is drawn between judgements to the effect that something is possibly, actually, or necessarily the case.

1999 S. Gardner Kant & ‘Critique of Pure Reason’ vi. 132 The forms of judgement are set out in the Table of Judgements.., where they are divided into four groups (quantity, quality, relation, modality).

1895 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 7 84 Sinn, sense, sensibility, modality.

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Modality, in Psychol.: (a) the nature or character of sensation or stimulus as determined by the sense-department to which it belongs or appeals: a term proposed by Helmholtz, to avoid a confusing use of quality... Hence (b) the sense-department itself: as, the sensations of different modalities.

1925 G. B. Phelan (title) Feeling experience and its modalities.

1951 G. Humphrey Thinking ii. 57 Sensory presentations of various modalities—auditory, kinaesthetic, and so on.

1969 R. D. Laing Self & Others (ed. 2) ii. 18 We also categorize the type of experience by modality: namely, memory, imagination, dreaming, waking perception, and so on.

1972 D. R. Kenshalo in J. W. Kling & L. A. Riggs Woodworth & Schlosberg's Exper. Psychol. (ed. 3) v. 119/1 If we insist that each primary sensory modality has its own nerve pathway, the tactile, pain, and temperature senses fail to qualify as different modalities because their nerves are intermingled.

1987 S. M. Stahl et al. Cognitive Neurochem. vii. 94 There is at least a rough organization of different sensory modalities and submodalities in the inferior parietal lobule.

2004 W. D. Willis & R. E. Coggeshall Sensory Mechanisms Spinal Cord I. i. 1 A sensory modality is a class of sensations. That is, sensations of two different modalities are qualitatively different (e.g., hearing versus vision), whereas sensations within a single modality are only quantitatively different (e.g., different frequencies of two sounds).

1946 R. B. Cattell in Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. 36 159 Three classes or ‘modalities’ of traits: (1) Dynamic traits, e.g. dispositions, sentiments, neurotic symptoms, ergs; (2) Temperament traits, e.g. general emotionality, surgency, preservation, hyperthyroidism, personal tempo; (3) Abilities or cognitive traits, e.g. native general intelligence, acquired perceptual and executive skills.

1950 E. H. Erikson Childhood & Society vii. 222 Anal-muscular maturation sets the stage for experimentation with two simultaneous sets of social modalities: holding on and letting go.

1962 E. R. Hilgard Introd. Psychol. (ed. 3) xvi. 452/2 Guilford..writes of seven ‘modalities of traits’, indicating that the kind of trait we see depends upon the direction from which we view personality.

1967 N. Podhoretz Making It i. ii. 30 He was..tolerant of any modality of Jewish existence so long as it remained identifiably and self-consciously Jewish.

1972 Jrnl. Social Psychol. 87 52 The conditioning events taking place during this phase leave an indelible imprint on the psychological modalities referred to as personality.

2009 B. Engler Personality Theories xvi. 445 Lazarus believes that the seven modalities—behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal processes, and drugs/biology—may be said to make up human personality.

1911 Brit. Homoeopathic Jrnl. 1 103 On examining a series of particular organs we find that a symptom or modality runs so strongly through them all that it may be predicated of the patient himself.

1927 Brit. Homoeopathic Jrnl. 17 347 The conception modality does not appear to have been carefully distinguished, whether modality refers only to symptoms produced by the drugs or met with in patients or healthy persons before or after the drug had been administered.

1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 18 Apr. 892/1 Lymphangiography, which today is perhaps the single most important diagnostic modality in the evaluation of the patient with Hodgkin's disease.

1995 N.Y. Law Jrnl. 14 Feb. s4/3 It is not an exaggeration to say that any attempt at diagnosis using clinical findings and any diagnostic modality other than excisional/open biopsy is simply guesswork.

2009 P. R. Gavin in P. R. Gavin & R. S. Bagley Pract. Small Animal MRI i. §i. 2 Computed tomography (CT) was first utilized in the mid-1970s in veterinary medicine... The modality was modified for the study of large animal species shortly thereafter.

1932 W. A. N. Dorland & E. C. L. Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 16) 796/1 Modality,..a method of application of, or the employment of, any therapeutic agent; limited usually to physical agents.

1965 Jrnl. Amer. Podiatry Assoc. 55 700/1 Often the success or failure of any modality is in direct proportion to the operator's knowledge of the modality's potential, its limitations, and its intelligent application.

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 18 Dec. 16/4 These reports have misled many Americans to believe that therapeutic acupuncture is a well-tested, thoroughly proven therapeutic modality that is a panacea for any and all illnesses.

1992 ENT News May 14/1 The effect of combined modality treatment..on the survival of skin flaps raised in rats 6 to 8 weeks after completion of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

2002 J. J. A. Joosten et al. in N. A. Habib Multi-Treatm. Modalities Liver Tumours xvii. 211 Already in the 19^th century the application of extreme cold has been recognised as a possible treatment modality in cancer therapy.