-elsuffix¹

Primary stress is on a preceding element, with this suffix pronounced either as a syllabic consonant or with a reduced vowel.

Forms: Old English -el, Old English -ela, Old English -ele.

Origin: An element inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Representing Old English -el , -ela , -ele ( < Germanic *-ilo- , *-ilon- , *-ilōn- ). See -le suffix 1.Old English -el is added to verbal stems to form agent-nouns, instrumental nouns, and adjectives, and to nouns to form diminutives. Old English -ela, -ele are chiefly used to form diminutives from nouns and object-nouns from verbal stems.

Representing Old English -el, -ela, -ele, has in modern English usually become -le suffix, though the older form is retained after v, th, ch, n, as in hovel, brothel, hatchel, kernel. See further under -le suffix.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

-elsuffix²

Primary stress is on a preceding element, with this suffix pronounced either as a syllabic consonant or with a reduced vowel. In some entries where the preceding element ends in a vowel quality, this suffix may not be a separate syllable but simply a terminating consonant; see e.g. rowel n.

Forms: Middle English -ale, Middle English -eal, Middle English -eaul, Middle English -eel, Middle English -eyll, Middle English -yle, Middle English -ylle, Middle English–1500s -all, Middle English–1500s -yl, Middle English–1500s -yll, Middle English–1600s -ele, Middle English–1600s -le, Middle English–1600s 1800s -ill, Middle English–1800s -al, Middle English–1800s -ell, Middle English– -el, Middle English– -il, 1600s -ull, 1800s -ile; Scottish pre-1700 -al, pre-1700 -ale, pre-1700 -all, pre-1700 -el, pre-1700 -ele, pre-1700 -ell, pre-1700 -ill, pre-1700 -le, pre-1700 1700s -elle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French -el, -elle.

Etymology: < Old French -el (French usually -eau ), -elle < classical Latin -ellus , -ella (see -ellus suffix, -ella suffix). This suffix is used in classical Latin to form diminutives from nouns or adjectives in -er and -ra , as libellus (from liber book: see libel n.), libella (from libra balance: see level n.); it is also substituted for -ulus , -ula , to form diminutives of nouns of that termination (see -ule suffix), where the latter had lost its original diminutive force, as in porcellus little pig, diminutive of porculus < porcus pig (see pork n.¹). In Romance it was much more widely used in the formation of diminutives.It should be noted that the ending -el in English words adapted from French frequently represents Latin suffixes other than -ellus , -ella ; e.g. in jewel n., vowel n., it stands for French -el < classical Latin -ālis (see -al suffix¹); in apparel n. for French -eil < classical Latin -iculus (see -cule suffix); in kennel n.¹ for French -il < classical Latin -īle -il suffix, as in ovīle sheepfold (see ovil n.).

This suffix is used to form diminutives. Examples in English (with the spelling -el) are (from the masculine -el), tunnel, bowel, carnel; (from the feminine -elle) chapel, novel, pimpernel, etc.

2. It should be noted that the ending -el in English words adapted from French frequently represents other Latin suffixes than -ello-, -ella-; e.g. in jewel, vowel, it stands for French -el:—Latin -āli- (see -al suffix¹); in apparel for French -eil:—Latin -iculo- (see -cule suffix); in kennel for French -il:—Latin -īle, as in ovīle sheepfold.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	-el
释义	-elsuffix¹ Primary stress is on a preceding element, with this suffix pronounced either as a syllabic consonant or with a reduced vowel. Forms: Old English -el, Old English -ela, Old English -ele. Origin: An element inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Representing Old English -el , -ela , -ele ( < Germanic -ilo- , -ilon- , -ilōn- ). See -le suffix 1.Old English -el* is added to verbal stems to form agent-nouns, instrumental nouns, and adjectives, and to nouns to form diminutives. Old English -ela, -ele are chiefly used to form diminutives from nouns and object-nouns from verbal stems. Representing Old English -el, -ela, -ele, has in modern English usually become -le suffix, though the older form is retained after v, th, ch, n, as in hovel, brothel, hatchel, kernel. See further under -le suffix. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). -elsuffix² Primary stress is on a preceding element, with this suffix pronounced either as a syllabic consonant or with a reduced vowel. In some entries where the preceding element ends in a vowel quality, this suffix may not be a separate syllable but simply a terminating consonant; see e.g. rowel n. Forms: Middle English -ale, Middle English -eal, Middle English -eaul, Middle English -eel, Middle English -eyll, Middle English -yle, Middle English -ylle, Middle English–1500s -all, Middle English–1500s -yl, Middle English–1500s -yll, Middle English–1600s -ele, Middle English–1600s -le, Middle English–1600s 1800s -ill, Middle English–1800s -al, Middle English–1800s -ell, Middle English– -el, Middle English– -il, 1600s -ull, 1800s -ile; Scottish pre-1700 -al, pre-1700 -ale, pre-1700 -all, pre-1700 -el, pre-1700 -ele, pre-1700 -ell, pre-1700 -ill, pre-1700 -le, pre-1700 1700s -elle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French -el, -elle. Etymology: < Old French -el (French usually -eau ), -elle < classical Latin -ellus , -ella (see -ellus suffix, -ella suffix). This suffix is used in classical Latin to form diminutives from nouns or adjectives in -er and -ra , as libellus (from liber book: see libel n.), libella (from libra balance: see level n.); it is also substituted for -ulus , -ula , to form diminutives of nouns of that termination (see -ule suffix), where the latter had lost its original diminutive force, as in porcellus little pig, diminutive of porculus < porcus pig (see pork n.¹). In Romance it was much more widely used in the formation of diminutives.It should be noted that the ending -el in English words adapted from French frequently represents Latin suffixes other than -ellus , -ella ; e.g. in jewel n., vowel n., it stands for French -el < classical Latin -ālis (see -al suffix¹); in apparel n. for French -eil < classical Latin -iculus (see -cule suffix); in kennel n.¹ for French -il < classical Latin -īle -il suffix, as in ovīle sheepfold (see ovil n.). This suffix is used to form diminutives. Examples in English (with the spelling -el) are (from the masculine -el), tunnel, bowel, carnel; (from the feminine -elle) chapel, novel, pimpernel, etc. 2. It should be noted that the ending -el in English words adapted from French frequently represents other Latin suffixes than -ello-, -ella-; e.g. in jewel, vowel, it stands for French -el:—Latin -āli- (see -al suffix¹); in apparel for French -eil:—Latin -iculo- (see -cule suffix); in kennel for French -il:—Latin -īle, as in ovīle sheepfold. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < suffix¹suffix²
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