mobilizationn.

Brit.

/ˌməʊbᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌməʊbl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌmoʊbələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌmoʊbəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: 1700s– mobilization, 1800s– mobilisation.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. A borrowing from French. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French mobilisation ; mobilize v.¹, -ation suffix.

Etymology: Originally < French mobilisation (1771 in legal use denoting the transformation of property generally considered immovable into movable goods; 1834 in sense 2a; 1843 in economics in the phrase la mobilisation des capitaux mobilization of capital) < mobiliser (see mobilize v.¹) + -ation -ation suffix. In later use probably independently < mobilize v.¹ + -ation suffix. Compare earlier mobilification n.

1. Economics and Finance. The action or process of bringing into circulation or realizing assets, capital, etc.; an instance of this. In Law: the conversion of real into personal property.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun]

course1457

gang1488

walking1549

current1586

currence1651

currency1699

emission1729

running1788

mobilization1801

monetarization1967

the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > change of one kind of property to another > change to personal or movable

conversion1827

chattelization1854

mobilization1879

1801 Ann. Reg. 1799 (Otridge ed.) i. 89/1 [France] A mobilization of the national debt; by which the real stock was reduced to one-third, payable in money, and the other two in bonds to be taken in payment for national lands.

1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 249 Roman law..brought in the novel ideas of capital and the mobilisation of real property.

1930 Morning Post 7 Aug. 11/6 The credit mobilisation in London by the Australian banks to meet Governmental commitments..was approved.

1967 Economist 14 Oct. 120/1 A growing number of Labour MPs are sponsoring the case for government ‘mobilisation’ of the £3,200 million odd of foreign shares held by private British investors.

1990 R. Zimmerman Law of Obligations 116 A refined..land register provided the basis for what was called ‘mobilization of land value’... Landed property soon became overcharged with debts.

a. Military. The action or process of preparing or organizing an army, fleet, etc., for war. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > levying or mobilizing

hosting1422

levying1496

amass1567

uptakinga1578

levya1616

array1640

colonelling1663

mobilification1794

levy in mass1807

levée en masse1813

arrayal1818

mobilization1848

call-out1882

mobilizing1901

1848 Littell's Living Age 12 Aug. 331 Companies of republican volunteers are now being organized in the provinces, independently of the mobilization of an immense national guard.

1866 Church Times 14 Apr. Austria..demanding that the mobilization of the Prussian army be at once discontinued.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Feb. 7/1 A Mobilization Committee has been sitting at the War Office arranging for the despatch of troops to Suakin.

1899 Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 6 370 The mobilization of an army of nearly a million experienced enumerators who should secure material for a scientific description of a population.

1927 Dict. National Biogr. 1912–21 312/2 The systematic mobilization of industry for the manufacture of munitions.

1937 W. Lippmann Good Society ii. v. 66 In the fascist version the purpose which actually organizes uniformity out of diversity is the total mobilization of a people for war.

1991 Navy News Nov. 29/2 In 1914 Crystal Palace Park was turned into a Royal Navy establishment,..its sole purpose being for the mobilisation of men of the RNVR.

b. gen. The action or process of assembling, organizing, and utilizing resources, etc., for a particular purpose.

ΚΠ

1902 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 8 178 Elements that are strong in themselves will..profit not less from this situation, and especially because it frequently spares them the real mobilization of power.

1928 Pacific Affairs 1 12 In its mobilization of the experience and equipment of all the nations for the solution of the problems of any one..the League of Nations constitutes the most impressive demonstration of international corporate action.

1974 R. Heilbroner Human Prospect iv. 114 The bond of peoplehood provides an indispensable agency for the mobilization of energies needed to break decisively with the past.

1991 C. Victor Health & Health Care in Later Life (BNC) 137 Care by the community is associated with the mobilization of resources from within the community (voluntary organizations and informal carers such as friends, neighbours and kin).

c. The process by which individuals or sections of society become active and organized towards social change. In Sociology and Politics: the process by which a passive collection of individuals in a society is transformed into an active group in the pursuit of common goals, or coerced into political participation by an authoritarian government. Cf. mobilist adj. 1, mobilize v.¹ 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > process > types of

cantonizing1611

diffusion1871

social differentiation1872

acculturation1880

feminization1901

mobilization1911

acculturalization1929

mimesis1934

schismogenesis1935

stimulus diffusion1940

transculturation1941

nativism1943

massification1946

villagization1954

1911 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 22 81 This growing passion for unity, to be brought about by the mobilization of social forces making for progress, is the natural outcome of the modern development of associated effort.

1924 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 30 278 Must not the creed of Calvinism..amount to the demand for a continuous state of social mobilization?

1947 Public Opinion Q. 11 19 The Soviet press is replete with such phrases as ‘the defense of the socialist fatherland,’ ‘the battle with reaction’,..‘the mobilization of the masses,’ etc.

1968 A. Etzioni Active Society xv. 393 Whatever the form of mobilization, whether it be direct or indirect, the process entails a shift of control and/or a shift of the usage of assets.

1972 R. H. Turner & L. M. Killian Collective Behavior (ed. 2) iv. 62/2 The crowding together of Negro Americans in the black ghettoes is a type of mobilization that has contributed to urban insurrections.

1987 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 25 Racism has only a very limited potential for political mobilization.

3. The action or process of moving or changing place. Cf. mobilize v.¹ 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > change > action resulting in

social actiona1746

mobilization1876

mobilizing1901

social mobilization1919

1876 Ladies' Repository Dec. 525 Previously all nations grew by conquering other nations and taking possession of their dwelling-place. Expatriation was a prerequisite of their own mobilization.

1890 Overland Monthly June 587/1 The general tendency of Industrialism is therefore towards..the mobilization of labor, with the Trade Union as a unit.

1915 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 20 607 Transportation and communication have effected..what I have called the ‘mobilization of the individual man’. They have multiplied the opportunities..for contact and for association with his fellows, but they have made these..more transitory and less stable.

1953 K. W. Deutsch Nationalism & Social Communication vi. 104 The processes of mobilization and assimilation may be illustrated rather strikingly in the case of Finland.

1960 Science 4 Mar. 639/2 Migmatite and granite are depicted as products of mobilization of material attending the deformation and metamorphism of the geosynclinal belt.

1984 B. W. Jones Solar System (BNC) 201 If mobilisation of dust on Mercury occurs electrically,..then this could help to spread out concentrations of finely divided ejecta.

4. Surgery and Medicine.

a. The action of making a fixed or stiff structure movable; spec. surgical detachment from adjacent structures.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > [noun] > making movable or setting in motion

stirringc1000

mobilization1890

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > other miscellaneous treatments

majoration1626

relaxant1661

diaeresis1706

blistering1711

Perkinism1798

tranquillizing1801

tractoration1803

tractorism1827

moxibustion1833

traction1841

remediation1850

moxocausis1857

bed-rest1872

aerotherapeutics1876

aerotherapy1876

metallotherapy1877

block1882

counter-irritation1882

bacteriotherapy1886

mechanotherapy1890

mobilization1890

seismotherapy1901

bacterization1902

replacement therapy1902

biotherapy1912

occupational therapy1915

protein therapy1917

psychophysicotherapeutics1922

recovery programme1922

plombage1933

bacteriostasis1936

oestrogenization1960

hyperalimentation1962

vegetablization1963

pain management1966

palliative care1967

gene therapy1970

1890 E. Law & C. Jewell tr. J. Gruber Text-bk. Dis. Ear xvii. 479 (heading) Mobilisation of the stapes.

1915 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 206 351 A course of treatment, e.g., massage and passive movements following the operation,..has brought about improvement by the mobilisation of the joints.

1959 P. Weiss in W. B. Patterson Wound Healing & Tissue Repair i. 3 The existence of highly specialized ultramicroscopic devices for cellular attachment (rather than plain adhesion)..must be taken into account when considering the mobilization of the epidermis for wound healing.

1967 S. R. Mawson Dis. Ear (ed. 2) xxi. 515 Relief of conductive deafness due to stapedial ankylosis by mobilization of stapes.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. ix. 106/2 The majority of insulinomas can be palpated at operation..although mobilization of the pancreas may be required.

b. The process of making a patient become mobile or physically active after a surgical operation, illness, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > after-treatment

aftercare1629

after-cure1741

after-treatment1779

mobilization1901

1901 W. Rose & A. Carless Man. Surg. (ed. 4) xvi. 400 A most valuable adjuvant in the treatment of fractures is massage..whilst in some cases early mobilization is also desirable.

1966 Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 48A 1282 (title) Treatment of spondylolisthesis by posterolateral fusion, resection of the pars interarticularis, and prompt mobilization of the patient.

1988 Amer. Jrnl. Sports Med. 16 486 After a period of immobilization by traditional methods (traction/long leg cast), the Sarmiento brace was applied at a mean of 42 days, allowing early weightbearing and mobilization.

1997 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 64 120 The advantages of this method include further reduction of surgical trauma, early mobilization, and rehabilitation of the patient.

5. Biology and Physiology. Release of a nutrient, mineral, cell, etc., from a storage organ or from an inactive into an active form in the body or the environment.

ΚΠ

1908 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 199 354 If, however, the sugar and other dissolved materials were removed from the sap.., converted into starch, and transferred by repeated mobilisation as sugar to the phloem, [etc.].

1933 Jrnl. Ecol. 28 117 Nitrogenous substances seem to be more available on the escarpment soils, which have high rates of nitrogen mobilization and fewer mycorrhizal roots than raw humus soils.

1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 135/2 Levarterenol produced..an increased mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue.

1978 Blood 52 551 Mobilization of bone marrow granulocytes by glucocorticoid or endotoxin administration was not inhibited by intoxication.

2002 Nature 16 May 242/1 The mobilization of aluminium from acidic forest soils is arguably the most ecologically important consequence of acid deposition.

6. Microbiology and Molecular Biology. The process in which bacterial plasmid or chromosomal DNA is prepared for transfer by a conjugative plasmid to which it is not stably linked.

ΚΠ

1965 Nature 27 Nov. 846/2 Table 7 summarizes experiments aimed at demonstrating the transferability of Δ and its mobilization of R-determinants.

1978 Gene 4 25 Mobilization by the plasmid F was used to transfer the hybrid plasmids.

1992 Macmillan Dict. Biotechnol. 227/1 Experimental plasmids may have their mob and tra genes deleted in order to prevent the possibility of mobilization of recombinant plasmids in the event of accidental release into the environment.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mobilization
释义	mobilizationn. Brit. /ˌməʊbᵻlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌməʊbl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌmoʊbələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌmoʊbəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: 1700s– mobilization, 1800s– mobilisation. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. A borrowing from French. Probably partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French mobilisation ; mobilize v.¹, -ation suffix. Etymology: Originally < French mobilisation (1771 in legal use denoting the transformation of property generally considered immovable into movable goods; 1834 in sense 2a; 1843 in economics in the phrase la mobilisation des capitaux mobilization of capital) < mobiliser (see mobilize v.¹) + -ation -ation suffix. In later use probably independently < mobilize v.¹ + -ation suffix. Compare earlier mobilification n. 1. Economics and Finance. The action or process of bringing into circulation or realizing assets, capital, etc.; an instance of this. In Law: the conversion of real into personal property. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun] course1457 gang1488 walking1549 current1586 currence1651 currency1699 emission1729 running1788 mobilization1801 monetarization1967 the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > change of one kind of property to another > change to personal or movable conversion1827 chattelization1854 mobilization1879 1801 Ann. Reg. 1799 (Otridge ed.) i. 89/1 [France] A mobilization of the national debt; by which the real stock was reduced to one-third, payable in money, and the other two in bonds to be taken in payment for national lands. 1879 S. Baring-Gould Germany II. 249 Roman law..brought in the novel ideas of capital and the mobilisation of real property. 1930 Morning Post 7 Aug. 11/6 The credit mobilisation in London by the Australian banks to meet Governmental commitments..was approved. 1967 Economist 14 Oct. 120/1 A growing number of Labour MPs are sponsoring the case for government ‘mobilisation’ of the £3,200 million odd of foreign shares held by private British investors. 1990 R. Zimmerman Law of Obligations 116 A refined..land register provided the basis for what was called ‘mobilization of land value’... Landed property soon became overcharged with debts. 2. a. Military. The action or process of preparing or organizing an army, fleet, etc., for war. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [noun] > levying or mobilizing hosting1422 levying1496 amass1567 uptakinga1578 levya1616 array1640 colonelling1663 mobilification1794 levy in mass1807 levée en masse1813 arrayal1818 mobilization1848 call-out1882 mobilizing1901 1848 Littell's Living Age 12 Aug. 331 Companies of republican volunteers are now being organized in the provinces, independently of the mobilization of an immense national guard. 1866 Church Times 14 Apr. Austria..demanding that the mobilization of the Prussian army be at once discontinued. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Feb. 7/1 A Mobilization Committee has been sitting at the War Office arranging for the despatch of troops to Suakin. 1899 Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 6 370 The mobilization of an army of nearly a million experienced enumerators who should secure material for a scientific description of a population. 1927 Dict. National Biogr. 1912–21 312/2 The systematic mobilization of industry for the manufacture of munitions. 1937 W. Lippmann Good Society ii. v. 66 In the fascist version the purpose which actually organizes uniformity out of diversity is the total mobilization of a people for war. 1991 Navy News Nov. 29/2 In 1914 Crystal Palace Park was turned into a Royal Navy establishment,..its sole purpose being for the mobilisation of men of the RNVR. b. gen. The action or process of assembling, organizing, and utilizing resources, etc., for a particular purpose. ΚΠ 1902 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 8 178 Elements that are strong in themselves will..profit not less from this situation, and especially because it frequently spares them the real mobilization of power. 1928 Pacific Affairs 1 12 In its mobilization of the experience and equipment of all the nations for the solution of the problems of any one..the League of Nations constitutes the most impressive demonstration of international corporate action. 1974 R. Heilbroner Human Prospect iv. 114 The bond of peoplehood provides an indispensable agency for the mobilization of energies needed to break decisively with the past. 1991 C. Victor Health & Health Care in Later Life (BNC) 137 Care by the community is associated with the mobilization of resources from within the community (voluntary organizations and informal carers such as friends, neighbours and kin). c. The process by which individuals or sections of society become active and organized towards social change. In Sociology and Politics: the process by which a passive collection of individuals in a society is transformed into an active group in the pursuit of common goals, or coerced into political participation by an authoritarian government. Cf. mobilist adj. 1, mobilize v.¹ 1. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > process > types of cantonizing1611 diffusion1871 social differentiation1872 acculturation1880 feminization1901 mobilization1911 acculturalization1929 mimesis1934 schismogenesis1935 stimulus diffusion1940 transculturation1941 nativism1943 massification1946 villagization1954 1911 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 22 81 This growing passion for unity, to be brought about by the mobilization of social forces making for progress, is the natural outcome of the modern development of associated effort. 1924 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 30 278 Must not the creed of Calvinism..amount to the demand for a continuous state of social mobilization? 1947 Public Opinion Q. 11 19 The Soviet press is replete with such phrases as ‘the defense of the socialist fatherland,’ ‘the battle with reaction’,..‘the mobilization of the masses,’ etc. 1968 A. Etzioni Active Society xv. 393 Whatever the form of mobilization, whether it be direct or indirect, the process entails a shift of control and/or a shift of the usage of assets. 1972 R. H. Turner & L. M. Killian Collective Behavior (ed. 2) iv. 62/2 The crowding together of Negro Americans in the black ghettoes is a type of mobilization that has contributed to urban insurrections. 1987 Brit. Jrnl. Sociol. 38 25 Racism has only a very limited potential for political mobilization. 3. The action or process of moving or changing place. Cf. mobilize v.¹ 4. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [noun] > change > action resulting in social actiona1746 mobilization1876 mobilizing1901 social mobilization1919 1876 Ladies' Repository Dec. 525 Previously all nations grew by conquering other nations and taking possession of their dwelling-place. Expatriation was a prerequisite of their own mobilization. 1890 Overland Monthly June 587/1 The general tendency of Industrialism is therefore towards..the mobilization of labor, with the Trade Union as a unit. 1915 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 20 607 Transportation and communication have effected..what I have called the ‘mobilization of the individual man’. They have multiplied the opportunities..for contact and for association with his fellows, but they have made these..more transitory and less stable. 1953 K. W. Deutsch Nationalism & Social Communication vi. 104 The processes of mobilization and assimilation may be illustrated rather strikingly in the case of Finland. 1960 Science 4 Mar. 639/2 Migmatite and granite are depicted as products of mobilization of material attending the deformation and metamorphism of the geosynclinal belt. 1984 B. W. Jones Solar System (BNC) 201 If mobilisation of dust on Mercury occurs electrically,..then this could help to spread out concentrations of finely divided ejecta. 4. Surgery and Medicine. a. The action of making a fixed or stiff structure movable; spec. surgical detachment from adjacent structures. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > [noun] > making movable or setting in motion stirringc1000 mobilization1890 the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > other miscellaneous treatments majoration1626 relaxant1661 diaeresis1706 blistering1711 Perkinism1798 tranquillizing1801 tractoration1803 tractorism1827 moxibustion1833 traction1841 remediation1850 moxocausis1857 bed-rest1872 aerotherapeutics1876 aerotherapy1876 metallotherapy1877 block1882 counter-irritation1882 bacteriotherapy1886 mechanotherapy1890 mobilization1890 seismotherapy1901 bacterization1902 replacement therapy1902 biotherapy1912 occupational therapy1915 protein therapy1917 psychophysicotherapeutics1922 recovery programme1922 plombage1933 bacteriostasis1936 oestrogenization1960 hyperalimentation1962 vegetablization1963 pain management1966 palliative care1967 gene therapy1970 1890 E. Law & C. Jewell tr. J. Gruber Text-bk. Dis. Ear xvii. 479 (heading) Mobilisation of the stapes. 1915 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 206 351 A course of treatment, e.g., massage and passive movements following the operation,..has brought about improvement by the mobilisation of the joints. 1959 P. Weiss in W. B. Patterson Wound Healing & Tissue Repair i. 3 The existence of highly specialized ultramicroscopic devices for cellular attachment (rather than plain adhesion)..must be taken into account when considering the mobilization of the epidermis for wound healing. 1967 S. R. Mawson Dis. Ear (ed. 2) xxi. 515 Relief of conductive deafness due to stapedial ankylosis by mobilization of stapes. 1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. ix. 106/2 The majority of insulinomas can be palpated at operation..although mobilization of the pancreas may be required. b. The process of making a patient become mobile or physically active after a surgical operation, illness, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > types of treatment generally > [noun] > after-treatment aftercare1629 after-cure1741 after-treatment1779 mobilization1901 1901 W. Rose & A. Carless Man. Surg. (ed. 4) xvi. 400 A most valuable adjuvant in the treatment of fractures is massage..whilst in some cases early mobilization is also desirable. 1966 Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. 48A 1282 (title) Treatment of spondylolisthesis by posterolateral fusion, resection of the pars interarticularis, and prompt mobilization of the patient. 1988 Amer. Jrnl. Sports Med. 16 486 After a period of immobilization by traditional methods (traction/long leg cast), the Sarmiento brace was applied at a mean of 42 days, allowing early weightbearing and mobilization. 1997 Ann. Thoracic Surg. 64 120 The advantages of this method include further reduction of surgical trauma, early mobilization, and rehabilitation of the patient. 5. Biology and Physiology. Release of a nutrient, mineral, cell, etc., from a storage organ or from an inactive into an active form in the body or the environment. ΚΠ 1908 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 199 354 If, however, the sugar and other dissolved materials were removed from the sap.., converted into starch, and transferred by repeated mobilisation as sugar to the phloem, [etc.]. 1933 Jrnl. Ecol. 28 117 Nitrogenous substances seem to be more available on the escarpment soils, which have high rates of nitrogen mobilization and fewer mycorrhizal roots than raw humus soils. 1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 135/2 Levarterenol produced..an increased mobilization of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. 1978 Blood 52 551 Mobilization of bone marrow granulocytes by glucocorticoid or endotoxin administration was not inhibited by intoxication. 2002 Nature 16 May 242/1 The mobilization of aluminium from acidic forest soils is arguably the most ecologically important consequence of acid deposition. 6. Microbiology and Molecular Biology. The process in which bacterial plasmid or chromosomal DNA is prepared for transfer by a conjugative plasmid to which it is not stably linked. ΚΠ 1965 Nature 27 Nov. 846/2 Table 7 summarizes experiments aimed at demonstrating the transferability of Δ and its mobilization of R-determinants. 1978 Gene 4 25 Mobilization by the plasmid F was used to transfer the hybrid plasmids. 1992 Macmillan Dict. Biotechnol. 227/1 Experimental plasmids may have their mob and tra genes deleted in order to prevent the possibility of mobilization of recombinant plasmids in the event of accidental release into the environment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1801
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