Molotovn.

Brit.

/ˈmɒlətɒf/,

/ˈmɒlətɒv/, U.S.

/ˈmɑləˌtɔf/,

/ˈmoʊləˌtɔv/,

/ˈmɑləˌtɑf/,

/ˈmoʊləˌtɑv/

Forms: 1900s– Molotoff, 1900s– Molotov, 1900s– molotov.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Molotov.

Etymology: < Molotov, the name ( < Russian molot hammer) adopted by Vjačeslav Mihajlovič Skrjabin (1890–1986), Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs 1939–49, who led the Soviet campaign against Finland in the Winter War of 1939–40 and its aftermath.There is evidence for a large number of Finnish slang terms formed on Molotov's name during this period, many of which identify it with the Soviet Union in general; while the evidence so far found in English-language sources for the two senses below is earlier than that for the corresponding Finnish terms, the influence of Finnish on their formation is likely. See further D. L. Gold, ‘Etymology and etiology in the study of proper nouns, eponymous lexemes, and possibly eponymous lexemes’ in Onomastica (1996) 41 109–38. In sense 1 with reference to a device probably originally used against Soviet tanks in Finland, perhaps after Finnish Molotovin koktaili. In sense 2 with reference to a speech made by Molotov at the beginning of the Soviet campaign, in which he said that his country would bring bread rather than bombs to Finland, perhaps after Finnish Molotovin leipäkori.

1. In full Molotov cocktail (also †Molotov's cocktail). A makeshift incendiary device for throwing by hand, consisting of a bottle or other breakable container filled with flammable liquid and with a piece of cloth, etc., as a fuse. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > grenade

trombe1562

grenade1591

grenado1611

granata1637

hand grenade1637

bag-granado1638

shell1647

glass-grenade1664

globe1672

flask1769

petrol bomb1903

rifle grenade1909

hairbrush1916

Mills1916

pineapple bomb1916

stick grenade1917

fragmentation bomb1918

pineapple1918

potato-masher grenade1925

spitball1925

Molotov cocktail1940

sticky bomb1940

stick-bomb1941

red devila1944

stun grenade1977

flash-bang1982

1940 Times 27 Jan. 6/2 The tanks often get stuck on the road, as the petrol mixture used—the so-called Molotoff cocktail—seems to be unsuitable for these temperatures.]

1940 W. Citrine My Finnish Diary 41 When the soldiers attack the Russian tanks, they call their rudely-made hand grenades ‘Molotov's cocktails’.

1940 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 7 Aug.–1 Oct. 91 Used with success in the Finnish war, the so-called ‘Molotov cocktails’ are considered an effective weapon against armoured divisions and have been adopted by the Home Guard.

1951 J. Carswell in A. Somerville Autobiogr. Working Man (new ed.) p. xiv Feargus O'Connor was trying to popularize the ginger-beer bottle filled with inflammable mixture (a version of the Molotov Cocktail to which Englishmen seem to turn when ammunition is short).

1969 Oz Apr. 5/1 Issue number three carried instructions on how to make a molotov with diagram and said where in the university to strike with same.

1972 R. K. Smith Ransom iv. 168 Thirty cars zooming out of the night loaded with molotovs.

1994 Denver Post 17 Jan. b7/4 I think a few verbal Molotov cocktails now and again keep political debate lively.

2. Molotov breadbasket n. (also Molotov's breadbasket) now historical a container carrying high explosive and scattering incendiary bombs, originally as used by the Soviet Union against Finland in 1939–40.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > bomb > incendiary

firebomb1685

incendiary1940

Molotov breadbasket1940

1940 Illustr. London News 17 Feb. 193/1 ‘Molotov's breadbaskets’, as the Finns have named, with grim humour, Russia's new type dual-purpose bombs, are reported to have caused great havoc in the destruction of Sortavala in the first week of February.

1940 Daily Mail 9 Mar. 12/4 The bombs were apparently something like the ‘Molotov breadbaskets’ which the Russians have dropped in Finland.

1940 Flight 26 Sept. 244/1 A Molotoff bread basket dropped some 50 incendiary bombs in a S.E. district of London.

1944 Sun (Baltimore) 26 Mar. 4/2 The Germans drop their incendiary bombs in metal containers, which break open and scatter them as they fall... The average Englishman calls them ‘Molotov breadbaskets’ after the incendiary containers used by the Russians in the Finnish war.

1992 S. Holloway Courage High! xxi. 176/1 Londoners became adept at identifying the sounds—the deep roar of the heavy ‘ack-ack’, the comforting clatter of the smaller guns which was so close to the sound of the enemy's ‘Molotov breadbaskets’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	molotov
释义	Molotovn. Brit. /ˈmɒlətɒf/, /ˈmɒlətɒv/, U.S. /ˈmɑləˌtɔf/, /ˈmoʊləˌtɔv/, /ˈmɑləˌtɑf/, /ˈmoʊləˌtɑv/ Forms: 1900s– Molotoff, 1900s– Molotov, 1900s– molotov. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Molotov. Etymology: < Molotov, the name ( < Russian molot hammer) adopted by Vjačeslav Mihajlovič Skrjabin (1890–1986), Soviet Minister for Foreign Affairs 1939–49, who led the Soviet campaign against Finland in the Winter War of 1939–40 and its aftermath.There is evidence for a large number of Finnish slang terms formed on Molotov's name during this period, many of which identify it with the Soviet Union in general; while the evidence so far found in English-language sources for the two senses below is earlier than that for the corresponding Finnish terms, the influence of Finnish on their formation is likely. See further D. L. Gold, ‘Etymology and etiology in the study of proper nouns, eponymous lexemes, and possibly eponymous lexemes’ in Onomastica (1996) 41 109–38. In sense 1 with reference to a device probably originally used against Soviet tanks in Finland, perhaps after Finnish Molotovin koktaili. In sense 2 with reference to a speech made by Molotov at the beginning of the Soviet campaign, in which he said that his country would bring bread rather than bombs to Finland, perhaps after Finnish Molotovin leipäkori. 1. In full Molotov cocktail (also †Molotov's cocktail). A makeshift incendiary device for throwing by hand, consisting of a bottle or other breakable container filled with flammable liquid and with a piece of cloth, etc., as a fuse. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > grenade trombe1562 grenade1591 grenado1611 granata1637 hand grenade1637 bag-granado1638 shell1647 glass-grenade1664 globe1672 flask1769 petrol bomb1903 rifle grenade1909 hairbrush1916 Mills1916 pineapple bomb1916 stick grenade1917 fragmentation bomb1918 pineapple1918 potato-masher grenade1925 spitball1925 Molotov cocktail1940 sticky bomb1940 stick-bomb1941 red devila1944 stun grenade1977 flash-bang1982 1940 Times 27 Jan. 6/2 The tanks often get stuck on the road, as the petrol mixture used—the so-called Molotoff cocktail—seems to be unsuitable for these temperatures.] 1940 W. Citrine My Finnish Diary 41 When the soldiers attack the Russian tanks, they call their rudely-made hand grenades ‘Molotov's cocktails’. 1940 Hutchinson's Pict. Hist. War 7 Aug.–1 Oct. 91 Used with success in the Finnish war, the so-called ‘Molotov cocktails’ are considered an effective weapon against armoured divisions and have been adopted by the Home Guard. 1951 J. Carswell in A. Somerville Autobiogr. Working Man (new ed.) p. xiv Feargus O'Connor was trying to popularize the ginger-beer bottle filled with inflammable mixture (a version of the Molotov Cocktail to which Englishmen seem to turn when ammunition is short). 1969 Oz Apr. 5/1 Issue number three carried instructions on how to make a molotov with diagram and said where in the university to strike with same. 1972 R. K. Smith Ransom iv. 168 Thirty cars zooming out of the night loaded with molotovs. 1994 Denver Post 17 Jan. b7/4 I think a few verbal Molotov cocktails now and again keep political debate lively. 2. Molotov breadbasket n. (also Molotov's breadbasket) now historical a container carrying high explosive and scattering incendiary bombs, originally as used by the Soviet Union against Finland in 1939–40. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > bomb > incendiary firebomb1685 incendiary1940 Molotov breadbasket1940 1940 Illustr. London News 17 Feb. 193/1 ‘Molotov's breadbaskets’, as the Finns have named, with grim humour, Russia's new type dual-purpose bombs, are reported to have caused great havoc in the destruction of Sortavala in the first week of February. 1940 Daily Mail 9 Mar. 12/4 The bombs were apparently something like the ‘Molotov breadbaskets’ which the Russians have dropped in Finland. 1940 Flight 26 Sept. 244/1 A Molotoff bread basket dropped some 50 incendiary bombs in a S.E. district of London. 1944 Sun (Baltimore) 26 Mar. 4/2 The Germans drop their incendiary bombs in metal containers, which break open and scatter them as they fall... The average Englishman calls them ‘Molotov breadbaskets’ after the incendiary containers used by the Russians in the Finnish war. 1992 S. Holloway Courage High! xxi. 176/1 Londoners became adept at identifying the sounds—the deep roar of the heavy ‘ack-ack’, the comforting clatter of the smaller guns which was so close to the sound of the enemy's ‘Molotov breadbaskets’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1940
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