mixenn.

Brit.

/ˈmɪks(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈmɪks(ə)n/

Forms: Old English meoxen, Old English meoxin, Old English micxsen, Old English mixenn, Old English–1500s myxen, Old English– mixen, early Middle English mixerne, Middle English mixene, Middle English mixne, Middle English myxne, Middle English myxon, Middle English 1600s mexen, 1500s mickeson, 1500s mickson, 1500s mixion, 1500s mixson, 1500s myxson, 1600s mexon, 1600s–1700s 1900s– mixon; English regional 1700s mexn, 1800s– maxen, 1800s– maxon, 1800s– meckson, 1800s– mexen, 1800s– mexon, 1800s– micksen, 1800s– mixen, 1800s– mixin, 1800s– mixon, 1800s– mixtin, 1800s– mucksen (south-western), 1800s– muxen (south-western), 1800s– muxon (south-western); Irish English 1500s 1800s– mizen, 1600s 1800s– mixen. See also miskin n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mix n.¹, -en suffix².

Etymology: < mix n.¹ + -en suffix². Compare the similar formation (on the parallel stem found in Old High German mist : see mix n.¹ and adj.) Old High German mistun dunghill (Middle High German misten , early modern German misten ). Compare later midden n. and miskin n.¹With the forms in mu- compare muck n.¹ and mux n.¹ The early Middle English form mixerne is attested only in MS. Cotton Nero A.xiv of Ancrene Riwle, and probably represents a development peculiar to the Anglian dialect of Old English. The word is also attested in Old English as the first element of the compounds mixendynge dung from a midden, and mixenplante black nightshade, Solanum nigrum.

Now chiefly British regional.

a. A place where dung and refuse are put; a dunghill, a midden; a heap of dung, compost, etc., used for manure. Also: dung and other refuse from cowsheds, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty place > [noun] > dunghill

mixenOE

dung heap?a1300

miskinc1300

muckhilla1325

dunghillc1330

muck-heapa1400

middena1425

modyngstretea1500

dung mixenc1500

laystowa1513

mixhill1552

muck midden1552

laystall1553

middenstead1583

layheap1624

dung pile1658

midden lair1692

thurrock1708

stercorary1759

midden stance1844

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xiii. 8 Fodiam circa illam et mittam stercora : ic delfo ymb hia & ic sendo micxseno.

OE Ælfric Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesin (Corpus Cambr. 162) xlix, in Anglia (1884) 7 34 On þære nyðemestan fleringe wæs heora gangpyt & heora myxen.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 35 (MED) Ich [sc. Belial] hit am þe reafde þe riche Iob his ahte, swa þet he weolewede of wontreðe i þe mixne.

c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 911 Hooly writ may nat been defouled namoore than the sonne that shyneth on the mixne [v.rr. mexen, myxen; donge hill].

c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 875 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 253 Into a foule donge myxen he her caryed.

1581 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1876) i. App. 579/2 Let all the myxsons and annoyances be caryed away byffore the spryng do cum.

1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. D8^v By turning a streame of water on the micksons, he [sc. Hercules] scoured away that in a week, that an hundred coulde scant haue doon in a yere.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fumier, a mexen, dung-hill, heape of dung.

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 53 The..rottennest mixen that was in all the street.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 173/1 A muck-hill is the place where the Dung is laid till it be carried into the field to manure the ground: some call it a Mixon.

1710 Brit. Apollo 21–24 Apr. Better wed o'er the Mixon Than over the Moor... The Mixons are Composts, Which in the Yards by, Of such who their hands, With true Industry ply.

1794 J. Clark Gen. View Agric. Hereford 23 The makings of mixens, however, is not properly attended to in general.

1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea 12 Great mixens outside the doors, strewn with the shells of enormous limpets.

1881 R. D. Blackmore Christowell xvi, in Good Words 22 228/2 He was turning up a mixen in a meadow near the lane.

a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 169 He had dug up a gallon of snakes' eggs in the ‘maxen’.

1923 W. de la Mare Thus her Tale 4 Sty and mixen, foetid pool and carrion-shed.

1952 R. S. Thomas Acre of Land 22 Yes, I forgot the mixen, Its crude colour and tart smell.

1998 A. Thorpe Pieces of Light (1999) ii. 94 The bits of bone and pottery were like something off one of the mixens in the village.

†b. figurative. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye sig. gi They finde perhaps a petygree & genealogy, wherof they ought rather blushe than swell. I styrre not this mixen.

1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 337 The Epistler would needes..haue this mixen stirred.

1684 W. Lloyd Hist. Acct. Church-govt. Pref. sig. b The Gesta Pontificum, that Mixen of ill-contrived Forgeries, which perhaps was made before Beda's time.

1880 T. Hardy Trumpet-major III. xxxvi. 151 We will let it be buried in eternal mixens of forgetfulness.

2. Used as a contemptuous or disapproving form of address. In later use with reference to a woman (also Mrs Mixen) or child.In quot. c1440 the emendation myx has been suggested (cf. mix n.¹ 2).

ΚΠ

c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 989 I am comyn fra þe conquerour,..Messenger to þis myxen, for mendemente of þe pople.

1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 22 Who told you as much, Mrs. Mixen.

1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire Mexen, Mixen,..(2) a term of reproach to a female. ‘Yô little mixen’... It seems to have originated as a comic substitute for vixen.

Phrases

†P1. a cock on his own mixen (cf. dunghill n. and adj. Phrases 1). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 62 Coc [?c1225 Cleo. curre] is kene on his owune mixerne [?c1225 Cleo. Mixne].

P2. Proverb. better wed over the mixen than over the moor: it is better to marry a neighbour than someone from far away.

ΚΠ

a1628 in M. L. Anderson Proverbs in Scots (1957) no. 320. 63 Better to wow over middin, nor over mure.]

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Chesh. 174 Better Wed over the Mixon then over the Moor.

1710 Brit. Apollo 21–24 Apr. Better wed o'er the mixon Than over the moor.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 144 Better wed over the mixen as over the moor, as they say in Yorkshire.

1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xxii. 250 Better wed over the mixen than over the moor.

1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 187/1 Better wed owre the mixen than owre the moor, better marry a neighbour than a stranger.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

† mixen-cart n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1610 J. Higgins in Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) xi I thinke the clowne that driues the mixen-cart Hath better hap than Princes such as I.

mixen-heap n.

ΚΠ

a1903 F. Hall in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 137/1 Mixen-heap, a dunghill.

† mixen-hole n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester II. 229 Mixen-hole, a midden hole.

C2.

mixen-varlet n. pseudo-archaic used as a contemptuous form of address to a man.

ΚΠ

1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags i. 13 Faugh, keep wide from me, mixen-varlet!

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mixen
释义	mixenn. Brit. /ˈmɪks(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈmɪks(ə)n/ Forms: Old English meoxen, Old English meoxin, Old English micxsen, Old English mixenn, Old English–1500s myxen, Old English– mixen, early Middle English mixerne, Middle English mixene, Middle English mixne, Middle English myxne, Middle English myxon, Middle English 1600s mexen, 1500s mickeson, 1500s mickson, 1500s mixion, 1500s mixson, 1500s myxson, 1600s mexon, 1600s–1700s 1900s– mixon; English regional 1700s mexn, 1800s– maxen, 1800s– maxon, 1800s– meckson, 1800s– mexen, 1800s– mexon, 1800s– micksen, 1800s– mixen, 1800s– mixin, 1800s– mixon, 1800s– mixtin, 1800s– mucksen (south-western), 1800s– muxen (south-western), 1800s– muxon (south-western); Irish English 1500s 1800s– mizen, 1600s 1800s– mixen. See also miskin n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mix n.¹, -en suffix². Etymology: < mix n.¹ + -en suffix². Compare the similar formation (on the parallel stem found in Old High German mist : see mix n.¹ and adj.) Old High German mistun dunghill (Middle High German misten , early modern German misten ). Compare later midden n. and miskin n.¹With the forms in mu- compare muck n.¹ and mux n.¹ The early Middle English form mixerne is attested only in MS. Cotton Nero A.xiv of Ancrene Riwle, and probably represents a development peculiar to the Anglian dialect of Old English. The word is also attested in Old English as the first element of the compounds mixendynge dung from a midden, and mixenplante black nightshade, Solanum nigrum. Now chiefly British regional. 1. a. A place where dung and refuse are put; a dunghill, a midden; a heap of dung, compost, etc., used for manure. Also: dung and other refuse from cowsheds, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty place > [noun] > dunghill mixenOE dung heap?a1300 miskinc1300 muckhilla1325 dunghillc1330 muck-heapa1400 middena1425 modyngstretea1500 dung mixenc1500 laystowa1513 mixhill1552 muck midden1552 laystall1553 middenstead1583 layheap1624 dung pile1658 midden lair1692 thurrock1708 stercorary1759 midden stance1844 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xiii. 8 Fodiam circa illam et mittam stercora : ic delfo ymb hia & ic sendo micxseno. OE Ælfric Interrogationes Sigewulfi in Genesin (Corpus Cambr. 162) xlix, in Anglia (1884) 7 34 On þære nyðemestan fleringe wæs heora gangpyt & heora myxen. c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 35 (MED) Ich [sc. Belial] hit am þe reafde þe riche Iob his ahte, swa þet he weolewede of wontreðe i þe mixne. c1390 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale 911 Hooly writ may nat been defouled namoore than the sonne that shyneth on the mixne [v.rr. mexen, myxen; donge hill]. c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 875 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 253 Into a foule donge myxen he her caryed. 1581 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1876) i. App. 579/2 Let all the myxsons and annoyances be caryed away byffore the spryng do cum. 1596 J. Harington New Disc. Aiax sig. D8^v By turning a streame of water on the micksons, he [sc. Hercules] scoured away that in a week, that an hundred coulde scant haue doon in a yere. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Fumier, a mexen, dung-hill, heape of dung. 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 53 The..rottennest mixen that was in all the street. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 173/1 A muck-hill is the place where the Dung is laid till it be carried into the field to manure the ground: some call it a Mixon. 1710 Brit. Apollo 21–24 Apr. Better wed o'er the Mixon Than over the Moor... The Mixons are Composts, Which in the Yards by, Of such who their hands, With true Industry ply. 1794 J. Clark Gen. View Agric. Hereford 23 The makings of mixens, however, is not properly attended to in general. 1865 P. H. Gosse Land & Sea 12 Great mixens outside the doors, strewn with the shells of enormous limpets. 1881 R. D. Blackmore Christowell xvi, in Good Words 22 228/2 He was turning up a mixen in a meadow near the lane. a1887 R. Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 169 He had dug up a gallon of snakes' eggs in the ‘maxen’. 1923 W. de la Mare Thus her Tale 4 Sty and mixen, foetid pool and carrion-shed. 1952 R. S. Thomas Acre of Land 22 Yes, I forgot the mixen, Its crude colour and tart smell. 1998 A. Thorpe Pieces of Light (1999) ii. 94 The bits of bone and pottery were like something off one of the mixens in the village. †b. figurative. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1563 L. Humphrey Nobles or of Nobilitye sig. gi They finde perhaps a petygree & genealogy, wherof they ought rather blushe than swell. I styrre not this mixen. 1609 Bp. W. Barlow Answer Catholike English-man 337 The Epistler would needes..haue this mixen stirred. 1684 W. Lloyd Hist. Acct. Church-govt. Pref. sig. b The Gesta Pontificum, that Mixen of ill-contrived Forgeries, which perhaps was made before Beda's time. 1880 T. Hardy Trumpet-major III. xxxvi. 151 We will let it be buried in eternal mixens of forgetfulness. 2. Used as a contemptuous or disapproving form of address. In later use with reference to a woman (also Mrs Mixen) or child.In quot. c1440 the emendation myx has been suggested (cf. mix n.¹ 2). ΚΠ c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure 989 I am comyn fra þe conquerour,..Messenger to þis myxen, for mendemente of þe pople. 1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 22 Who told you as much, Mrs. Mixen. 1887 T. Darlington Folk-speech S. Cheshire Mexen, Mixen,..(2) a term of reproach to a female. ‘Yô little mixen’... It seems to have originated as a comic substitute for vixen. Phrases †P1. a cock on his own mixen (cf. dunghill n. and adj. Phrases 1). Obsolete. ΚΠ a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 62 Coc [?c1225 Cleo. curre] is kene on his owune mixerne [?c1225 Cleo. Mixne]. P2. Proverb. better wed over the mixen than over the moor: it is better to marry a neighbour than someone from far away. ΚΠ a1628 in M. L. Anderson Proverbs in Scots (1957) no. 320. 63 Better to wow over middin, nor over mure.] a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Chesh. 174 Better Wed over the Mixon then over the Moor. 1710 Brit. Apollo 21–24 Apr. Better wed o'er the mixon Than over the moor. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 144 Better wed over the mixen as over the moor, as they say in Yorkshire. 1874 T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd I. xxii. 250 Better wed over the mixen than over the moor. 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 187/1 Better wed owre the mixen than owre the moor, better marry a neighbour than a stranger. Compounds C1. General attributive. † mixen-cart n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1610 J. Higgins in Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) xi I thinke the clowne that driues the mixen-cart Hath better hap than Princes such as I. mixen-heap n. ΚΠ a1903 F. Hall in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 137/1 Mixen-heap, a dunghill. † mixen-hole n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester II. 229 Mixen-hole, a midden hole. C2. mixen-varlet n. pseudo-archaic used as a contemptuous form of address to a man. ΚΠ 1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags i. 13 Faugh, keep wide from me, mixen-varlet! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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