mithqaln.

Brit.

/mɪθˈkɑːl/, U.S.

/mɪθˈkɑl/

Inflections: Plural mithqals, (occasionally) unchanged.

Forms:

α. 1500s metical, 1500s miticaes (plural), 1500s mitical, 1500s mitigal, 1500s mitigale, 1600s medical, 1600s mesticall, 1600s meticalle, 1600s mettegal, 1600s miticale, 1600s mittigall, 1700s metecal.

β. 1600s miscolle, 1700s muscal, 1800s meskal, 1800s miscall, 1800s miskel, 1800s misqal, 1900s– mesghal, 1900s– miscal, 1900s– miskal.

γ. 1800s metkal, 1800s mitchkal, 1800s mitcka'l, 1800s mithcal, 1800s mithkal, 1800s mitkul, 1900s– mithqal.

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic miṯqāl.

Etymology: Ultimately < Arabic miṯqāl, lit. ‘weight’ (originally an object of known mass used to weigh things, and hence later in senses ‘unit of weight, type of coin, unit of current money used in accounts’), noun of instrument < ṯaqala (transitive) to weigh, probably variously (in the α. forms) via Spanish, Portuguese, and French, (in the β. forms) via Persian, Urdu, and Turkish, and (in the γ. forms) directly < Arabic. With the α. forms compare Spanish metical , mitical (11th cent. in form metkal ; 12th cent. in forms metcal , metecal , mezcal ; 1786 in form mitigales (plural)), Portuguese matical , metical , mitical (10th cent. in form metcales (plural); 16th cent. in forms methecal , mitigal , matical ; 17th cent. in form mithicali (plural)), French medical (1665 in sense 1; 1695 meticalle in sense 2). With the β. forms compare Persian mis̱qāl , Urdu mis̱qāl , Turkish miskal . Compare metical n.

1. A unit of weight, used chiefly for precious metals in the Islamic world, varying with place and period but now generally taken to be approximately 4.25 grams (65.6 grains); a coin of this weight. Also in Iran: a unit of weight equivalent to approximately 4.6 grams (71 grains).The denomination originates with the reform of Islamic coinage carried out by the Umayyad caliph in 696–7, when the standard of the new gold coin of purely Islamic type (the dinar) was set at this weight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > unit of weight for precious stones > Indian or Arabian

mangelin1555

mithqal1555

ratti1625

tank1698

α.

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 233, And .xi. Fanans and a quarter, is one Mitigal: And .vi. Mitigales and a halfe, make one vnce.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. vii. 687 Euery Mittigall being a Duckat of Gold, and a third part.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 67 The Medical [Fr. medical] is a Drachm and a half.

β. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 406 Their lowest Weight is a Miscolle;..whereof 6 make an Ounce.1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. v. 22 The muscal through all Persia is the same..6 dunk 1 muscal 6 muscals 1 dram.1885 T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 700/2 No zakāt is due upon gold under the value of twenty mis̤qāls, and the zakāt due upon twenty mis̤qāls is half a mis̤qāl.1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 627/1 The unit of weight [in Persia] is the miskâl (71 grains), subdivided into 24 nakhods (2·96 grains).1994 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 14 Apr. h21/3 At Miller's it [sc. saffron] is sold by the mesghal (or mithqal), a medieval measurement of weight.γ. a1827 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVIII. 438/2 [In Egypt] gold and jewels are measured by the mithcal (corruptly spelt metical).1836 E. W. Lane Acct. Manners & Customs Mod. Egyptians II. App. b 372 The cheera′t (or carat),..as above mentioned, is the 24th part of a mitcka′l.1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights IX. 83 Make it not large, a mithcal in weight and no more.1929 H. A. R. Gibb tr. Ibn Battuta Trav. Asia & Afr. 318 At Íwálátan a load of salt brings eight to ten mithqals.1959 J. S. Trimingham Islam in W. Africa viii. 192 In transactions the price was stipulated in mediums of exchange: rings, nuggets or mithqāls of gold, strings of cowries, [etc.].1970 E. W. Bovill Golden Trade of Moors (ed. 2) ix. 87 Mansa Musa..was preceded by 500 slaves, each carrying a staff of gold weighing 500 mithqal. 1994Mithqal [see β. ].

†2. In Morocco: a unit of currency used in accounts and in determining the value of coins, from the 17th to the 19th cent.; (occasionally) a coin of this value. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific North African

mithqal1695

ouguiya1973

khoum1974

1695 P. Motteux tr. F. Pidou de St. Olon Present State Morocco 145 The Meticalle [Fr. meticalle (1695)] or Ducat for the generality is nothing real, but such a manner of counting as by Francs or Livres in France.

a1832 G. C. Renouard in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXII. 285 (margin) Miskel.

a1832 G. C. Renouard in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXII. 285/1 1 Mithkál, or ducat, (an imaginary coin) = 10 waklyahs = 3s. 4d.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mithqal
释义	mithqaln. Brit. /mɪθˈkɑːl/, U.S. /mɪθˈkɑl/ Inflections: Plural mithqals, (occasionally) unchanged. Forms: α. 1500s metical, 1500s miticaes (plural), 1500s mitical, 1500s mitigal, 1500s mitigale, 1600s medical, 1600s mesticall, 1600s meticalle, 1600s mettegal, 1600s miticale, 1600s mittigall, 1700s metecal. β. 1600s miscolle, 1700s muscal, 1800s meskal, 1800s miscall, 1800s miskel, 1800s misqal, 1900s– mesghal, 1900s– miscal, 1900s– miskal. γ. 1800s metkal, 1800s mitchkal, 1800s mitcka'l, 1800s mithcal, 1800s mithkal, 1800s mitkul, 1900s– mithqal. Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic miṯqāl. Etymology: Ultimately < Arabic miṯqāl, lit. ‘weight’ (originally an object of known mass used to weigh things, and hence later in senses ‘unit of weight, type of coin, unit of current money used in accounts’), noun of instrument < ṯaqala (transitive) to weigh, probably variously (in the α. forms) via Spanish, Portuguese, and French, (in the β. forms) via Persian, Urdu, and Turkish, and (in the γ. forms) directly < Arabic. With the α. forms compare Spanish metical , mitical (11th cent. in form metkal ; 12th cent. in forms metcal , metecal , mezcal ; 1786 in form mitigales (plural)), Portuguese matical , metical , mitical (10th cent. in form metcales (plural); 16th cent. in forms methecal , mitigal , matical ; 17th cent. in form mithicali (plural)), French medical (1665 in sense 1; 1695 meticalle in sense 2). With the β. forms compare Persian mis̱qāl , Urdu mis̱qāl , Turkish miskal . Compare metical n. 1. A unit of weight, used chiefly for precious metals in the Islamic world, varying with place and period but now generally taken to be approximately 4.25 grams (65.6 grains); a coin of this weight. Also in Iran: a unit of weight equivalent to approximately 4.6 grams (71 grains).The denomination originates with the reform of Islamic coinage carried out by the Umayyad caliph in 696–7, when the standard of the new gold coin of purely Islamic type (the dinar) was set at this weight. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > unit of weight for precious stones > Indian or Arabian mangelin1555 mithqal1555 ratti1625 tank1698 α. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 233, And .xi. Fanans and a quarter, is one Mitigal: And .vi. Mitigales and a halfe, make one vnce. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage vi. vii. 687 Euery Mittigall being a Duckat of Gold, and a third part. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 67 The Medical [Fr. medical] is a Drachm and a half. β. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 406 Their lowest Weight is a Miscolle;..whereof 6 make an Ounce.1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. v. 22 The muscal through all Persia is the same..6 dunk 1 muscal 6 muscals 1 dram.1885 T. P. Hughes Dict. Islam 700/2 No zakāt is due upon gold under the value of twenty mis̤qāls, and the zakāt due upon twenty mis̤qāls is half a mis̤qāl.1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 627/1 The unit of weight [in Persia] is the miskâl (71 grains), subdivided into 24 nakhods (2·96 grains).1994 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 14 Apr. h21/3 At Miller's it [sc. saffron] is sold by the mesghal (or mithqal), a medieval measurement of weight.γ. a1827 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XVIII. 438/2 [In Egypt] gold and jewels are measured by the mithcal (corruptly spelt metical).1836 E. W. Lane Acct. Manners & Customs Mod. Egyptians II. App. b 372 The cheera′t (or carat),..as above mentioned, is the 24th part of a mitcka′l.1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights IX. 83 Make it not large, a mithcal in weight and no more.1929 H. A. R. Gibb tr. Ibn Battuta Trav. Asia & Afr. 318 At Íwálátan a load of salt brings eight to ten mithqals.1959 J. S. Trimingham Islam in W. Africa viii. 192 In transactions the price was stipulated in mediums of exchange: rings, nuggets or mithqāls of gold, strings of cowries, [etc.].1970 E. W. Bovill Golden Trade of Moors (ed. 2) ix. 87 Mansa Musa..was preceded by 500 slaves, each carrying a staff of gold weighing 500 mithqal. 1994Mithqal [see β. ]. †2. In Morocco: a unit of currency used in accounts and in determining the value of coins, from the 17th to the 19th cent.; (occasionally) a coin of this value. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > standards and values of currencies > [noun] > specific monetary units or units of account > specific North African mithqal1695 ouguiya1973 khoum1974 1695 P. Motteux tr. F. Pidou de St. Olon Present State Morocco 145 The Meticalle [Fr. meticalle (1695)] or Ducat for the generality is nothing real, but such a manner of counting as by Francs or Livres in France. a1832 G. C. Renouard in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXII. 285 (margin) Miskel. a1832 G. C. Renouard in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXII. 285/1 1 Mithkál, or ducat, (an imaginary coin) = 10 waklyahs = 3s. 4d. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1555
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