| 释义 |
badgern.1 Origin: Of uncertain origin. Etymology: Origin uncertain. Related to badge v.2, although the direction of the relationship is unclear: badge v.2 could show a back-formation < badger n.1, or (in spite of the chronology) badger n.1 could simply show a derivative (see -er suffix1) of badge v.2The spelling bagger could readily be explained as showing a formation < bag n. + -er suffix1 (compare later bagger n.), but this would leave the form badger and other forms indicating an affricate unexplained. It is likely that such a formation is shown by surname evidence from the 13th cent. onwards (as Ivo le Bagger (1246)), but it is more likely that either the present word or perhaps badger n.2 is shown by forms such as Joh. Badgare (1332). With the β. forms perhaps compare bodge n.1 (see quot. 1695 at α. ). A connection with badger n.2 seems unlikely on semantic grounds. An explanation of badge v.2 as showing a shortened (clipped) form of classical Latin bāiulāre bajulate v. is without obvious parallels in this period. Various attempts have been made to connect the word with various (attested and unattested) French or Occitan words related to French blé and post-classical Latin bladum corn, wheat (see blade n.), but all of these encounter serious phonological difficulties. Additionally, it is unclear whether the English word originally had any special application to buying and selling grain specifically. Now English regional and Irish English ( northern) and historical. society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > itinerant α. 1467–8 in (1914) III. 628 (MED) Diuersez aulters persouns appellez Baggeres ount vsez de aller a vne marchee & ount achatez..frument & blee a vne price et puis apres ount prisez lez ditz g[r]aynes a vne aulter marchee & illeosqes lez ount vendeuz pluis chierement par ii d. ou iii d. en vne Boshelle..persouns appellez Baggiers.] a1500 Office of Mayor of Bristol in T. Smith & L. T. Smith (1870) 424 The Bagers, such as bryngeth whete to towne, as wele in trowys, as otherwyse, by lande and by watir. a1525 (?1421) (1907) I. 26 (MED) Allso, þat noo bagger, ner non othur man, sett no corn in hur houses ne in hydles, but þat they leden hit in to the Chepyng, & put hit þer to sale..vp the peyn of forfature of alle the Corn. 1552 xiv. §7 The Buying of any Corn, Fish, Butter, or Cheese, by any such Badger, Lader, Kidder or Carrier, as shall bee assigned and allowed to that office or doing by three Justices of peace. 1562 xii Badgers of Corn, and Drovers of Cattle, to be licensed. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 555 All the inhabitants be as it were a kind of hucksters, or badgers. a1642 H. Best (1984) 106 The badgers come farre, many of them, whearefore theire desire is to buy soone that they may bee goinge betimes for feare of beinge nighted. 1681 W. Robertson 196/2 A Badger, or Carrier of Corn or like necessary provision, or a buyer of Corn to sell it again. 1691 J. Ray N. Country Words in (ed. 2) 5 A Badger, Such as buy Corn, or other Commodities in one place, and carry them to another. 1695 W. Kennett Gloss. at Cart-body A Budger, or Badger, i.e. a carrier or retailer of bodges or bags of corn. 1716 G. Jacob 41 (heading) A Warrant against a Badger for buying and selling Corn without Licence. 1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in II. 316 Badger, a huckster. 1825 J. Britton III. Gloss. Badger, a corn-dealer. 1859 E. Waugh Eawr Folk in (1898) I. 125/1 Eawer Alick keeps a badger's shop. 1869 J. Carr 16 Shopkeepers mix their goods, badgers their flour, and publicans their drink. 1895 26 Oct. 526/3 Middle men (here [in the Malvern Hills] called badgers). 1928 A. E. Pease 7/1 Badger, a huckster, pedlar, hawker or pannierman. ‘We gits maist o' sikelike things frev t'badgers at comes aroond.’ 1948 M. Carbery & E. Grey 59 Badger, bodger, dealer. 1985 K. Howarth Badger, wholesale potato or produce dealer. 1996 C. I. Macafee 13/1 Badger, a middleman in oats and oatmeal. 2019 S. Bailey v. 52 The same concerns to regulate and authorise applied to the group of traders called badgers, swailers or higglers. Their role was essentially to buy produce where there was a surplus and to sell it where there was demand. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). badgern.2 Origin: Probably formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: badge n., -ard suffix. Etymology: Probably < badge n. + -ard suffix, so called with reference to the white mark borne like a badge on its forehead. For semantic parallels compare bauson n. and probably also Middle French blarel , French blaireau badger (compare discussion of the etymology of this word in Trésor de la langue française at blaireau), and for formal parallels compare e.g. ballard n., pollard n.1, tailard n., and also borrowings such as blanchard adj. or bayard adj. and n.1Derivation < badger n.1 is very unlikely. (The suggestion was previously often made, and assumed identification of the badger as a characteristically corn-thieving animal. It rested partly on a supposed parallel with French blaireau , which was previously thought to be related ultimately to French blé and post-classical Latin bladum corn, wheat (see blade n.), but is now thought to derive from a colour term.) 1. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Meles (badger) ?1523 J. Fitzherbert f. xxxi A bauson or a badger. a1535 T. More (1553) ii. xiiii. sig. H.iiiiv [The fox] sware afterwarde vnto the bageard that he was so weary to syt so long and heare him. 1575 G. Gascoigne lxviii. 189 If you finde a Badgerde abroad, it shall not be from hir burrow lightly. 1608 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas (new ed.) ii. iv. 139 As the self-swelling Badgerd..First at the entry of his Burrow fights. 1642 T. Fuller ii. viii. 80 Erasmus was a badger in his jeeres, where he did bite he would make his teeth meet. 1703 T. Brown et al. (new ed.) 217 I hear since I left you, you are grown as grey as a Badger. 1736 ii. i. 219 A Badger is known by several Names, as a Gray, a Brock, a Boreson or Banson; the young ones are called Pigs; the Male is called the Boar, and the Female the Sow. 1770 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm I. 189 One of Mr. Cock's Negroes shewed me the skin of a badger..which convinced me that the American badger is the same with the Swedish one. 1828 J. Stronge Let. in E. M. Richardson (1926) viii. 96 We, that is to say the officers, have bought a badger whom we fight with dogs. 1877 E. Coues i. 2 The cruel sport which Badgers have afforded from time immemorial. 1901 Apr.–May 83/2 After traversing an infinity of tunnels and passages, the final purse is reached, where the badger spends the greater part of his life. 1969 D. F. Costello v. 100 Count it your lucky day if you see a badger and can chase him, hissing and snarling, into his burrow. 2007 23 Mar. 48/5 The badgers slide down a ditch on one side of the lane and scramble up the opposite bank. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [noun] > genus Lutra (otter) the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Castoridae (beaver) 1591 R. Percyvall Dict. at Bivaro A badger or brocke, Fiber, castor. 1601 R. Chester 108 The watrie Badger. 1769 E. Bancroft 141 The Badger of Guiana is about eighteen inches in length, covered with fine hair, of a dark chestnut colour, except on the belly, where it is of a whitish yellow. 1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman (ed. 2) I. 309 Those little animals which..by the colonists are called dasses, or badgers. 1827 E. Griffith et al. V. 195 The Fat Pouch-Badger, or Porculine Opossum of Shaw. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon ii. iii. ii. 122 The Daman of the Cape..commonly called Badger of the Rocks. 1906 E. Ingersoll 176 Two related animals of the East are the teledu, or stinking badger..and the large, long-snouted, piglike sand badgers. 1991 R. M. Novak (ed. 5) II. 1131 A ferret badger is sometimes welcome to enter a native hut, because of its destruction of insect pests. 2002 J. Cartwright xxiv. 222 ‘Who did this, Witbooi?’ He tells me it was probably a ratel, a kind of badger. the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Macropodidae > wallaby > genus Petrogale (rock wallaby) the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > superfamily Myomorpha (mouse, rat, vole, or hamster) > [noun] > family Muridae > genus Bandicota (bandicoot) 1803 23 Oct. The Margaret's sealing party at King's Island, who have brought round a number of very fine Kangaroos and badgers. 1829 R. Mudie 173 The Parameles, to which the colonists sometimes give the name of badgers. 1850 J. B. Clutterbuck 37 The rock Wallaby, or Badger. 1852 F. Lancelott I. 35 The bandicoot, or pouched badger. the world > animals > mammals > group Implacenta > subclass Marsupialia (marsupials) > [noun] > family Wombatidae (wombat) 1831 265 That delicious animal, the wombat, (commonly known at that place [sc. Macquarie Harbour] by the name of badger). 1852 J. West I. 324 The Wombat, commonly called in the colony Badger. 1891 W. Tilley 44 Badgers also abound, or did until thinned out by hungry prospectors. 1920 B. Cronin 163 Here in Tassie we..got names of our own for things this side the straits…For instance they ain't no wombats here; we call them badgers. 1951 D. Collins 31 When I was first prospecting round these parts, back in the nineties, we often had wombat. Used to smoke it in the chimney just like ham. Called it badger ham, we did. 1988 16 June 13/3 Two years ago Warden Kile of Esperence took a Government Minister to view an old hut..and his remarks were—‘No self respecting badger would sleep in that’. 1995 M. Southall 40 The wombat is sometimes called the Australian badger. They are marsupials. 2. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of 1787 T. Best 107 The late Badger..Dubbed with the fur off a black badger's skin. 1828 92 The late badger is to be formed with black badger's hair, whipped with red silk, and winged with a darkish grey mallard's feather. society > occupation and work > equipment > decorating equipment > [noun] > brushes 1863 L. B. Urbino 54 Be careful that every particle of paint is removed, or your badger will be spoiled for delicate softening. 1907 5 59 This is then made even..by the use of a large, soft brush called a..‘badger’, with which the semi-fluid color is dabbed. 1995 K. McCloud (1998) 127/1 The fan badger is designed for small areas and mouldings and the pencil badger reaches into corners of frames and the panel mouldings of furniture. 3. U.S. colloquial. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > miner > [noun] > one who mines metals > lead-miner 1833 C. F. Hoffman Let. 26 Dec. in (1835) I. 210 A keen eyed, leather-belted ‘badger’ from the mines of Ouisconsin. 1843 1 June What had the poor Badgers done to provoke the wrath of heaven? Why has John Flanagan been put astride of the mining interests, with Cunningham upon the crupper, to ride it into the ground? 1844 G. C. Hebbe & J. MacKay tr. ‘C. Sealsfield’ ii. i. 61/1 It seems as if all the western states and territories had sent representatives on board of our steamer. Suckers from Illinois, and Badgers from the lead mines of Missouri..stood in the most lovely confusion before us. 1937 G. E. Shankle 588 Badger..was applied to the early lead miners, who on first coming to a new location dug in the side of a hill and lived under ground much as the badger digs in his burrow. the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > specific state > states 1844 Sept. 286 The inhabitants [of Wisconsin] are called ‘badgers’. 1856 R. W. Emerson iv. 54 Our Hoosiers, Suckers, and Badgers of the American woods. 1905 E. W. Wilcox 34 All hail to Vinnie Ream! Wisconsin's artist daughter... Thank God for Vinnie Ream! The peerless Badger maiden. 1951 36 39 A Wisconsin Yank wrote..of soldiers vulgarly taunting a mulatto girl who delivered laundry to their tents, while another Badger reported from near Vicksburg: [etc.]. 2005 (Nexis) 1 May p1 Cupboards are open so you can see what kinds of things people in Wisconsin ate in the 1990s... ‘We badgers get nostalgic very quickly.’ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail > types of scheme > lure in 1858 27 Feb. 412/2 He was the ‘badger’ at Moll Hodge's famous ‘panel’ establishment, in West Broadway and was sent up for 4 years and 8 months. 1896 E. G. Redmond (1902) 175 A female badger and her lover may be poor and unable to rent a house. 1902 W. I. Cole in R. A. Woods vii. 216 Some of these street-walkers are ‘badgers’, or women whose business it is to entice men to rooms where they may be robbed by accomplices. 1928 M. C. Sharpe xxxi. 281 I have been a badger, pay-off, note-layer, creep, panel and blackmailer. 1993 G. Simes at Badger game Originally, a badger was a thief who rifled a client's clothes while he was engaged with a prostitute at a panel-crib. Phrases colloquial. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > snare, trap, entanglement > set a trap [verb (intransitive)] 1817 25 Oct. 5/1 W. Turner and Ludlam spoke of drawing the badger. W. Turner said they had some little vermin in their own parish, and they must kill it before they went farther... It was not stated while I was there who the badger was. 1823 ‘J. Bee’ 70 ‘Draw the badger’ (Pit), is performed thus: an oblong badger-box being provided,..the dog is permitted to run in and seize the badger [etc.]. 1858 A. Trollope III. iii. 50 There is a sport prevalent among the downs in Hampshire... Men and boys..congregate together on a hill side, at the mouth of a narrow hole, and proceed, with the aid of a well-trained bull-dog, to draw a badger. 1870 2 July 420/1 Proceed to the sick man's room, with the avowed intention of ‘drawing the badger’. 1890 19 Sept. The Parnellite taunts regarding Balfour's indifference have at last drawn the badger. 1961 P. I. Wellman (1986) iv. 111 The fugitives..lay low, and the fusillades failed to flush them out. Somebody had to ‘draw the badger’. 1973 D. Peck Jrnl. 11 Feb. in (1986) 211 I would hope to draw the badger from his set, but he is a wary animal and may prefer to ignore my very pertinent criticism. 2001 R. Kenna (ed. 2) 9 To their credit the authorities also banned cruel diversions such as cock-fighting and ‘drawing the badger’. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [verb (intransitive)] > overdraw 1841 T. Hood Miss Kilmansegg iv, in 61 268 His checks no longer drew the cash, Because, as his comrades explain'd in flash, ‘He had overdrawn his badger.’ 1934 17 Jan. 79/2 A plausible cadger With eyes firmly fixed on the ‘dough’ To replenish his overdrawn badger. Compounds C1. a. General attributive (and in the genitive). 1648 J. Beaumont vi. clxxv. 88 The pillow for her head Was Badgers Hair. 1834 24 May 7/2 (advt.) Shaving brushes, warranted made of the best badger hair. 1848 18 Oct. Badger's hair blenders,..shaving and shoe brushes. 2002 Mar.–Apr. 40 (caption) Using a large-capacity badger-hair mop, apply super-blond shellac in the direction of the grain. 1605 H. Broughton 29 Badgers skin our Genevah hath for the tabernacle: but the Bishops amended that into Taxus. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais iv. xxiv. 101 Leave me off your Wolf and Badger-skin Mantle. 1754 J. Cennick 16 All was covered over with a plain coarse Covering of Goat's hair and Badger's Skin. 1893 XXXV. 199/2 They wore full highland garb..distinguished by racoon-skin (instead of badger-skin) purses. 2006 (Nexis) 22 Oct. a2 [He] saw an older gentleman ‘carefully climb up’ and place an antique badger skin cap..on Barry. 1859 G. W. Matsell 63 Panel-cribs are sometimes called badger-cribs, shakedowns, touch-cribs. 1879 ‘J. Slick’ 80 We have spoken specially of ‘panel’ and ‘badger houses’. 1890 26 July 2/6 (headline) A successful ‘badger’ worker. Tim Oaks and his gang despoil Cincinnati mashers. 1910 July 587/2 A woman who decoys men and then her accomplice (alleged husband) blackmails them is called a ‘badger-worker’. 1916 ‘W. Scott’ 62 Another type..is the badger man—a sort of blackmailer, whose work is helped to its consummation by a woman companion. 1950 J. Lait & L. Mortimer i. ii. 25 Buda Godman..finished as a prematurely white-haired ex-convict after a unique career as a badger-worker, gem-thief, and associate of nabobs, robbers and murderers. C2. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > animal baiting > [noun] > badger-baiting > baiter 1817 W. Scott I. xiii. 309 Go and see what is become of the badger-baiters. 1995 7 May (Review Suppl.) 12/3 It was pressure from the badger lobby that led to a series of Acts of Parliament to protect badgers and their setts from badger baiters and diggers. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > animal baiting > [noun] > badger-baiting 1729 I. 163 Hear Footmen swearing; Ingeniously waiting, to see Badger-baiting. 1790 6 Mar. 6 The object of this grand cavalcade had been a Badger-baiting on Bullingdon-Green. 1851 G. Borrow II. vii. 67 You show, by your own conduct,..that there are other things worth following besides dog-fighting. You practise rat-catching and badger-baiting as well. 1986 12 Sept. 7/3 Much of the badger-baiting in the Forest of Dean is the work of raiders from Wales. 2002 16 June i. 13/7 A decade after the introduction of the Protection of Badgers Act, 1992, the comeback of badger-baiting has stunned animal welfare groups. 1903 W. Drury et al. (ed. 3) xl. 470 The writer has..been to many a badger dig in the Tidworth country. 1980 R. Mabey iii. i. 195 The barbarity of badger digs almost defies belief. 2004 (Nexis) 30 Apr. A group of men were allegedly planning to visit the area to carry out a deer hunt and badger dig. 1898 15 204 No whit I trow was Jan Ridd more excited at the prospect of a brush with the outlaw Doones than were we badger-diggers at the thought of the capture of the Badgers. 1926 4 Oct. 10/6 About that time Capt. Edwards, of Sealyham (an estate on the Sealy river), decided that the terriers in his kennels were not 100 per cent badger diggers, so he began experiments to improve them. 1932 14 Sept. 6/4 Public opinion should try to ensure that local parties of badger-diggers do not dig during the close time. 2004 (Nexis) 2 Apr. 19 Exploring old setts, where badger diggers had opened galleries and chambers, I found bones and skulls. 1870 13 Apr. 2/3 At present badger baiting, badger digging, and badger hunting, are all classed in about the same category, and a great many people would abstain from the two latter diversions from a fear of offending the laws. 1905 3 Mar. 3/2 ‘Baiting’ is the hunting and tormenting of a creature that is already a prisoner. In badger-digging you are after the wild animal in his native earth. 1990 July 485/2 Anyone found digging at a sett is deemed to be guilty of badger-digging unless they can show otherwise. 2006 (Nexis) 22 Dec. 13 A former Army sergeant..is staying behind bars after losing his appeal against a conviction for badger digging. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > dachshund 1798 J. Ebers II. 220/2 Daschund, a Badger-Dog, a Terrier. 1842 6 May 9/2 Ziva, a Badger Dog.—E. Landseer, R.A. A good canine portrait. 1921 2 71 One of these animals [sc. a skunk] insisted on living under the cabin floor, much to the joy of Bubbles, the family ‘badger dog’, who persisted in his endeavors to dig it out. 2000 J. Quasha viii. 18 Dachshunds are..bred to hunt badgers... Being badger dogs also trained Dachshunds to be persistent. society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > animal baiting > [noun] > badger-baiting 1806 J. Hassell 134 Badger-drawing and dog-fighting succeeded the first amusement. 1823 Dec. 706/2 To prove that wrestling is superior..to pugilism, cock-fighting,..and single-stick; to which may be added, nem. con., badger-drawing and bull-baiting. 1899 19 Aug. 7/5 Such obviously brutal and cruel amusements as bull-baiting, bear-baiting, badger-drawing, or cock-fighting are no longer recognized. 1991 N. McCord ix. 359 Ratting, dog-fighting, and badger drawing still had considerable followings. 2011 J. M. Johnson vi. 83/3 In England dogs were deliberately set against badgers, the sport being known as badger-baiting, or badger-drawing. By the mid-1800s this unfortunate pastime was prohibited. the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of 1681 J. Chetham xxxv. 153 Badger-Fly. Dubbing of the soft brown Fur of a Badgers skin..twirled upon red Silk, with a red head and a sad grey wing of a Mallards feather. ?1720 36 The Badgers-fly, the Wasp-fly, the little white dun, the black Hackle, the black brown dun, the Shell-fly. 1787 T. Best 105 The Badger Fly..is an excellent killer. 1969 21 Sept. 8/2 Lyle..journeyed to the Swan River..and took two rainbows from log-jams using what he calls a ‘badger fly’. 2005 (Nexis) 7 Jan. (A3 section) 7 I felt I was somehow taken into his confidence when he gave me one of his badger flies. This was made of real badger black and white fur. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail > types of scheme society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > illegal payment or exaction > [noun] > blackmail > types of scheme > lure in 1858 4 June 8/1 Jane was wanted to answer a charge of having come the ‘badger’ game a few evenings since on a respectable elderly gentleman, whom she encountered in Houston-street. 1924 G. C. Henderson 228 I know of one case where a man alone worked a variation of the badger game on women. 1936 E. S. Gardner (1937) xiv. 217 It looks too damned much like a badger game. 1962 H. Kane xx. 156 She stood naked... ‘You're in one hell of a lot of trouble,’ he said. The old badger game. 2003 (Nexis) 26 June 8 The boys admitted to playing the badger game after reading a magazine article saying that such a trick was lucrative because few victims would report the affair to police. 1796 J. Ebers I. 547/1 Dachsbau, der, the Burrow or Kennel of a Badger, a Badger Hole. 1823 W. Keating 177 Many badger holes were observed. 1913 J. Muir v. 183 One of our fields was named Badger Hill from the number of badger holes in a hill at the end of it. 2007 (Nexis) 12 June 3 A Dog got stuck down a badger hole near Stow-on-the-Wold. the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [adjective] > of legs > having 1738 L'Estrange's Life Aesop i, in tr. Aesop et al. (rev. ed.) 1 His Body [was] crooked,..big-belly'd, badger-legg'd [earlier edd. baker-legg'd]. 1933 B. Gadelius ix. 224 Persons..who are badger-legged or gibbous, often suffer from..affective trouble. 1948 M. Carbery & E. Grey 59 Badger-legged, also bandy-legged, bow-legged: ‘'e's that badger-legged, 'e c'ld stop a pig in a twitchel.’ 2004 Re: Depression Hits Robinson Crusoe's Island in alt.activism (Usenet newsgroup) 26 Sept. This ‘enthusiast of progress’ in ‘Madame Bovary’ tried to get this badger-legged guy to walk normally. the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > of legs > leg 1656 60 Poor Vulcanists, who ballance the inequality of their heels, or badger leggs, by the..help of the shoemaker. 1663 J. Wright tr. Martial in 28 Red hair, black mouth, badger legs [L. brevis pede], blind, I see; Be, Zoilus, good, and the worlds wonder be. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > fox-hound > varieties of 1835 ‘Nimrod’ 94 With a good badger-pie complexion, he has a keen eye in his head. 1842 ‘Nimrod’ 350 Next come the blended, or mixed colours, known in the kennel as ‘pies’. There is..the badger pie, which..is very characteristic of the fox-hound. 1872 ‘Idstone’ ii. 42 ‘Hercules’, the famous stallion Hound,..was a badger pie. 1890 31 Mar. 3/2 The Wiltshire squire, whose spurs were earned with the Badminton ‘badger-pies’. 1910 4 Oct. 4/3 The white and badger pie old English harier [sic] is now becoming rare. 1930 R. Clapham in C. Frederick et al. xxviii. 273 Amongst fell hounds, white is the predominant colour, added to which we find lemon and white, black and white, badger pie, hare pie, [etc.]. 1963 E. Kerr 18 He and a friend..decided to hire two horses and see the famous badger pies for themselves. 2001 V. Moon 108 Pie, a cream or fawn hound color (badger pie: legs, head, belly, and tail of cream while ears and back shade into black with lighter badger-colored hair tips). the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [adjective] > of other types 1815 J. Mayer 113 Hounds are grizzled, brindled, badger-pied, &c. which colours are indicative of strength. 1845 R. S. Surtees xxix. 259 A little, bristly-headed, badger-pyed, pedantic, radical schoolmaster. 1922 R. Leighton iv. xvi. 245 The Sealyham..is..frequently whole white, but also white with brown, lemon, or badger-pied markings. 1983 P. Drabble ii. 39 Early packs of hounds were predominantly white, many being badger-pied. 2009 E. Adamson i. 10 The patches can be light, medium, or dark in color. Badger pied is the darkest, hare pied is the medium shade, and lemon pied is the lightest (dilute) shade. society > occupation and work > equipment > decorating equipment > [noun] > brushes 1840 10 Oct. 382/2 The surface is to be smoothed over with a dry brush..and subsequently finished with a badger softener, which produces a smooth and level surface. 1878 A. R. van der Burg & P. van der Burg 4 The speckles must be immediately touched up by the badger softener in the form of the grain by which the pores desired are obtained. 1949 106 244 The traditional tools of the grainer and marbler are numerous... Sash tool, jamb duster, flogger, badger softener,..all have their place in the craftsman's bag. 1993 (Nexis) 6 Nov. g1 I painted in sediment lines and veins using goose feathers and a badger softener, a very soft and expensive brush. 2005 R. Hughes x. 165 The badger softener is the more expensive. The function is to soften harsh edges left during the marbling or graining process. 1839 13 Nov. The printing establishment of The Badger State, now occupies rooms in the 3d story of the Empire Block, a brief sketch of which will show..the progress of our town. 1847 22 Feb. Hereafter let every chivalrous sort of the Badger State sleep with his ears open. 1904 26 July 3 The Speaker will make several speeches in the Badger State. 1995 June 26/3 When the glaciers that swept over most of the Badger State finally receded, they'd produced numerous shallow lakes. 2010 (Univ. of Wisconsin-Oshkosh) 11 Feb. Opinion a5 Let's take advantage of all of these benefits Wisconsin has to offer and actively encourage entrepreneurs to pursue their endeavors right here in the Badger State. the world > food and drink > hunting > equipment > [noun] > tongs 1856 Dec. 398 To drag out those [puppies] that began to have any symptoms [of hydrophobia], with a huge pair of badger tongs. 1928 15 July 2 Mr. Tinker..got his badger-tongs... ‘Get the tongs round his neck—quick!’ said the Master..as he pushed forward the long iron instrument. 1998 (Nexis) 2 Dec. 37 (caption) Badger tongs were the less hazardous way of getting the cornered badger into a sack. 2013 C. Rodgers v. 185 It is an offence to cruelly ill-treat a badger, to use badger tongs in the course of killing or taking, or attempting to kill or take, a badger. Derivatives the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Mustelidae (weasel, marten, otter, or badger) > [adverb] > like a badger 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in (Wing C4662) 36 Come keen Iambicks, with your Badgers feet, And Badger-like, bite till your teeth do meet. 1736 R. Hodshon 59 For they are, Badger-like, once break the Soil, and they'll dig and earth themselves over-head. 1891 W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker 567 Divided..into the Otter-like (Lutrine), Badger-like (Meline), and Weasel-like (Musteline) forms. 1998 N. J. Holland in L. Langsdorf et al. xviii. 277 There is..a badgerlike retreat to the safety of ever-smaller and more confining burrows to avoid having to face the threatening other. 2013 A. T. Smith & Y. Xie 321 The Chinese forms fall naturally into two groups: (1) the weasels, Wolverine, and martens; and (2) the badger-like mustelids. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). badgern.3 Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: badge n., -er suffix1. Etymology: < badge n. + -er suffix1, perhaps partly punningly after badger n.2 Compare earlier badgeman n. rare. society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > [noun] > one who uses society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > other players 1890 J. S. Farmer I. 95/1 Badger,..6. (Wellington School). A fellow who has got his ‘badge’ for play in the 2nd xv. at football. 1920 28 Aug. 16/1 There are idle Badgers at Elmswell, where the job of Rate Collector was going the other day. 1925 23 July 7 A Doggett badger is a man to be reckoned with in the rowing world. 1990 (Nexis) 29 Jan. 73 There are so many [employees with long-service badges] that TI's decision-making has gotten too clannish, says a former red-badger (fewer than five years of service). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). badgerv.1Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: badger n.1 Etymology: < badger n.1 In transitive use perhaps influenced by badger v.2 English regional (chiefly northern and midlands). society > trade and finance > bargaining > bargain [verb (intransitive)] 1600 in IV. 231 Jeffrey Trafford..did not badger for these two years past. 1854 A. E. Baker I. 26 Badger,..to beat down in a bargain. ‘You needn't badger me any longer, I won't sell it no cheaper.’ 1865 W. S. Banks 5 To ‘badger’ is..to banter in price. 1877 E. Peacock Badger,..to beat down in price. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey 17/1 Badger, to haggle; to beat down in price. 'Na! Yer ent badgerin' me no mooãre. That's it; tek it er leeãve it. I ent gooin' no lower... '. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). badgerv.2Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: badger n.2 Etymology: < badger n.2, probably with allusion to baiting or drawing of badgers by humans, although compare also 17th-cent. allusions to the supposed tenacity of a badger in biting until its teeth met (compare quot. 1642 at badger n.2 1a and discussion at that entry, and also quot. 1647 for badger-like adj. and adv. at badger n.2 Derivatives).Compare:1855 J. G. Wood Sketches Animal Life 238 A ‘brock’..led such a persecuted life, that to ‘badger’ a man came to be the strongest possible term for irritating, persecuting, and injuring him in every way. A derivation < badger n.1 or badger v.1 is very unlikely, although it is possible that the present word has influenced badger v.1 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)] 1782 J. P. Macmahon tr. L. S. Mercier (Dublin ed.) 182 Paris is the only place where it [sc. the Academie] can support any kind of consequence; though, even there, sorely badgered by the wits of the capital, who..point all their epigrammatical batteries against their members. 1785 F. Grose Badger, to confound, perplex, or teaze. 1790 R. Broome lxi. 123 I must tell you, that this Revolution..May probably alter both Measures and Men, And that Hastings may never be badger'd agen. 1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee xiv, in II. 285 But come, we will not badger you any more, my dear boy. 1862 8 Feb. 154 The coarse expedients by which the Old Bailey advocate badgers and confuses a nervous witness. 1901 ‘G. Douglas’ xxvii. 320 The mair he badgerd me, the closer I hugged it. 1948 N. Coward 7 Mar. (2000) 106 Gertie and the Hoffmans have been badgering them to keep the show on and take it on tour. 1969 W. Gass iii. iii. 70 He promised to show me a picture of one of them and though I badgered him, he never did. 2004 S. Quigley (2005) xxi. 335 He'd badgered Jake to take him to meet Kerry. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.1a1500 n.2?1523 n.31890v.11600v.21782 |
