| 释义 |
mirthn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch merchte , merechte joy, pleasure < the Germanic base of merry adj. + the Germanic base of -th suffix1.For the development of the stem vowel in Old English and Middle English see note s.v. merry adj. The β. forms show assimilation of fricative consonants. Spenser rhymes merth(e) with e-words; see also E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§75, 212 for occasional evidence for ĕ rather than the expected ĭ in orthoepists and in verse. †1. the mind > emotion > pleasure > [noun] the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > [noun] eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Otho) vii. 15 Be þæm þu meaht ongietan ðæt þu þær nane myrhðe on næfdest. OE (Julius) (1994) 43 And feala oðra casera æfter him rixodon, ælc æfter oðrum..on heora anwealdes myrhþe. OE Ælfric (Claud.) iii. 24 He adræfed wæs of neorxnawanges myrhðe. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine (1993) 168 Ure murhþe & ure wuldor & ure blisse is on heofene. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 13 Murðhe sculen wunian on londe. c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 70 Treowe ancres beoð a riht briddes of heouene..ant ase þeo þe sigeð habbeð murhðe of heorte. c1300 (c1250) (Cambr.) (1966) l. 682 If I nere into þis tur icume, Wiþ mireȝþe þu miȝtest herinne wune. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. 3149 Of whom I scholde merthe take. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xviii. 127 ‘Haue no merueille’ quod Mercy, ‘myrthe it bytokneth’. c1451 J. Capgrave (1910) 102 (MED) With grete merthe he sent a cow to þe woman. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) Prol. 3 Thai rays thaim in til soun & myrth of heuen. a1513 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen in (1998) I. 42 Bewrie,..ȝe woddit wemen ȝing, Quhat mirth ȝe fand in maryage sen ȝe war menis wyffis. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 6023 in (1931) I. 376 Than sall those glorifyit creaturis With myrth..Passe to the heuin imperiall. 1659 H. Plumptre in (1890) App. v. 6 Wishing that all your yeares yet to come may passe over with mirth and jollityes. 1696 N. Tate & N. Brady ii. 11 Rejoyce with awful Mirth. the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > [noun] > an instance or kind of joy OE Wulfstan (Nero) (1957) 275 Utan..geearnian us þa mærða & þa myrhða þe God hæfð gegearwod þam þe his willan on worolde gewyrcað. OE tr. Chrodegang of Metz (Corpus Cambr. 191) xlviii. 265 Hyt is to gymene miclum worce þam sangerum..þæt se dream þæs folces mod þe hine gehyrð anbryrde to gemynde and to lufe þæra heofenlicra myrhða. c1225 (?c1200) (1973) 1697 Monie ma murhðen þen alle men mahten..tellen wið tungen. c1225 (?c1200) (1973) 2186 (MED) Ha þus wende, martir, to þe murhðes þet neauer ne wonieð. a1350 in G. L. Brook (1968) 47 Al y weolewe away to noht when y shal murþes mete. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 1004 Paradis is a priue stedd Þar mani mirthes er e-medd. ?a1475 (1922) 35 (MED) I am..cursyd of god..I may nevyr make merthis mo. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil (1957) iv. Prol. 22 Ȝour sweit myrthis ar mixt with byttyrnes. 1559 D. Lindsay Dreme in (1931) I. 21 Thir maruellous myrthis for to declare, Be Arthimatik thay ar Innumirabyll. the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > quality of causing joy or delight > [noun] > an instance or source of joy or delight OE (transcript of lost MS) 75 [Dæg] byþ..mære metodes leoht, myrgþ and tohiht eadgum and earmum. c1225 (?c1200) (1973) 2350 Þe is mi lauerd & mi luue, mi lif & mi leofmon, mi wunne..mi murhðe & mi mede. a1450 (1885) 494 (MED) Itt was full mekill myrþe to þe Þat I schulde ligge in wombe of þine. 2. society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > [noun] eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius (Otho) xxxv. 102 [Se hearpere] weop & hearpode ðæt ða wudas bifedo[n] &..nan neat nyste nænne andan ne nænne ege to oðrum for ðære mergðe ðæs sones. OE Ælfric (Julius) (1900) II. 306 Sum bisceop..gehyrde..swiðe hludne sang on heofonum, and..[his erce-diacon] ne mihte nan þing þære myrhþe gehyran. c1330 (?a1300) (1886) l. 1254 (MED) Ich man was lef to liþe, His mirþes were so swete. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. viii. 67 (MED) Vnder a lynde..lened I a stounde To lythe þe layes þe louely foules made. Murthe of her mouthes made me þere to slepe. 1485 W. Caxton tr. (1957) 3 [They] wythe one accorde dysposed them self for to gyue somme melodyous myrthe to the noble mayde. ?1533 G. Du Wes sig. Hi v To make mirth as byrdes, degoiger. 1579 E. Spenser Dec. 40 Somedele yblent to song and musickes mirth. 1606 W. Birnie v. sig. B3v The ingratious discord in the eare of the least string, wil mar al the mirth. 1978 Feb. 33/2 The man who had spoken of bird song as mirth... He once eyed my red setter and remarked that he was furnishing well. society > leisure > entertainment > [noun] > source of amusement or entertainment a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 39 Þet heo pute euerich worldlich þing & euerich worldlich murhðe ut of hire heorte. a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 71 Ðet no muruhðe ne noise ne þrung of folc ne muhte letten him of his beoden. c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) 341 (MED) Eurich murȝþe mai so longe ileste Þat ho shal liki wel unwreste, Vor harpe & pipe & fuȝeles songe Mislikeþ ȝif hit is to long. c1387–95 G. Chaucer 767 Of a myrthe I am..bythoght To doon yow ese. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. 3399 Thus the dai With manye merthes thei despente. a1470 T. Malory (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 827 And every day onys, for ony myrthis that all the ladyes myght make hym, he wolde onys every day loke towarde the realme of Logrys. 1472–5 VI. 156/1 Lordes..Gentilmen..and other Comyners have used the occupation of shotyng for their myrthes and sportes. a1535 T. More (1553) ii. i. sig. F.iiii You requier my minde in the matter, whether men in tribulacion may not lawfully..comfort themselfe with some honest mirth. ?1577 J. Northbrooke 72 Such vaine ydle and filthie pastimes and myrthes shoulde surcease. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. iv. 18 To giue a Kingdome for a Mirth, to sit And keepe the turne of Tipling with a Slaue. View more context for this quotation 1669 J. Fletcher ii. i Mocke, mock, it moves not me sir, Thy mirthes, as do thy mischiefes flie behind me. 1888 C. M. Doughty I. vii. 209 It was a mirth to hear the solomn loud hooting. the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > [noun] society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaking or conviviality > [noun] OE (1992) iv. 101 Ic wæs þin gamen & þin gladung & þin hleahtor & þin myrhð. a1375 (c1350) (1867) 574 (MED) Here mete & al merthe sche missed in a while. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. 102 Maii Whan every brid..thenkth his merthes forto make. a1425 (?a1300) (Linc. Inn) (1952) 1569 (MED) Murthe is gret in halle. 1485 (Caxton) i. ii. sig. aij And so in alle haste they were maryed in a mornynge with grete myrthe and joye. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 237 Thou hass mair causs myrthis till ma, For thou the ded eschapit swa. c1550 J. Lumley tr. Euripides (1909) 570 Let us..mete hir withe moche mirthe, leste she shulde be abasshed at hir comminge into a strange countrye. 1590 E. Spenser i. xii. sig. M4v Their exceeding merth may not be told. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iv. 10 Be large in mirth, anon wee'l drinke a Measure The Table round. View more context for this quotation 1722 D. Defoe 35 Death was before their Eyes, and every Body began to think of their Graves, not of Mirth and Diversions. 1821 W. Scott II. ix. 200 Life without mirth is a lamp without oil. 1837 W. Irving I. 238 The genial festival of Christmas, which..lights up the fireside of home with mirth and jollity. 4. the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > jest or pleasantry > a jest or joke the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > banter or good-humoured ridicule > [noun] the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun] c1390 G. Chaucer 319 Tel vs som myrthe or iapes. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. 4799 (MED) Thei hire sihe of glad semblant, Al full of merthes and of bordes. c1450 (1904) I. 5 And we halde our brethir so strayte in aw þatt þai com to no myrth..nor no sporte. c1501 sig. A.6 And they that hauē be mery in dauntyng pyping and in synging more than to ye cōmaundementis of oure blyssed lorde..their myrtye shalbe chaunged in grete heuynesse. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. xxviijv Which Luther got afterwardes, and translated it into Duche, not without much myrthe and pastime [L. non sine scommatis multoque sale]. 1591 J. Harington Briefe Apol. Poetrie in tr. L. Ariosto sig. ¶vj Then, for Comedies. How full of harmeles myrth is our Cambridge Pedantius? 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 309 I was born to speake all mirth, and no matter. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Stanley I. iii. 31 Aristophanes taking this Theme, interweaves it with much abusive mirth. 1704 III. xiii. 298 He was of an excellent humour,..and, under a grave countenance, cover'd the most of mirth. a1716 R. South (1744) VII. 151 For if these [sc. great crimes and great miseries] be made the matter of our mirth, what can be the argument of our sorrow? a1774 A. Tucker (1777) III. i. 341 Joy when occasioned by the contrast of very dissimilar objects, along which it proceeds by continual leaps and bounds from one to the other, becomes mirth. 1774 O. Goldsmith 24 Who mixt reason with pleasure, and wisdom with mirth. 1832 H. Martineau iii. 33 Cassius grinned with some feeling deeper than mirth. 1841 W. Spalding II. 216 A reckless mixture of seriousness with mirth. 1873 A. Trollope III. lxvi. 165 That beautiful face, which was so seldom lighted up by any expression of mirth or good humour. 1920 D. H. Lawrence xxix. 451 Their clear cheeks were flushed crimson with mirth. 1947 S. Bellow iii. 28 Leventhal was smiling also, but without much mirth. 1987 ‘A. T. Ellis’ 112 Lili was taken by a fit of mirth and lay with a cushion pressed to her nose. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) 817 Ful fair was Myrthe, ful long and high; A fairer man I nevere sigh. 1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in 36 These delights, if thou canst give, Mirth with thee, I mean to live. 1770 O. Goldsmith 222 Where grey-beard mirth, and smiling toil retir'd. 1816 Ld. Byron 110 Mirth, That humbler Harmonist of care on Earth. the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > derision, ridicule, or mockery > fact or condition of being mocked or ridiculed > [noun] > object of ridicule a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ii. 168 Hath Cassius liu'd To be but Mirth and Laughter to his Brutus, When greefe and blood ill temper'd, vexeth him? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. ii. 167 He's all my Exercise, my Mirth, my Matter. View more context for this quotation 1708 J. Ozell tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux iii. 52 The Flout of Boys, and Mirth of every Feast. Compounds C1. Objective. a. the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun] > one who causes merriment society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaker > [noun] 1592 A. Fraunce f. 25 Howling Cocytus with wine mirth-maker abounded, Lamenting Acheron hart-chearing honny aforded, And boyling Phlegeton with new milke chearefuly streamed. 1636 P. Massinger v. ii. sig. L Such chopping mirth-makers, as shall preserve Perpetuall cause of sport. 1832 S. L. Fairfield ii. 77 The vine Of the Mirth-Maker from the winepress poured Divine Falernian. 1969 15 Feb. 14/6 Kenneth Horne..was acknowledged as one of radio's top mirth-makers. society > leisure > social event > a merrymaking or convivial occasion > merrymaking or conviviality > [noun] 1638 R. Brathwait (new ed.) i. sig. E6 They eat, drink, laugh, are still mirth-making. 1794 J. Hurdis 83 More delightful than spring's sweetest flow'r, Or the mirth-making juice of the vine. 1937 J. P. Marquand v. 45 Nor must we forget Lucretia Hale's inimitable satire of the time, the ‘Peterkin Papers’, which deal with the mirth-making vagaries of the Peterkin family. 1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus iv. 129 Who playing the Mirth-marrer at this Triumph, put Water into this fuming Wine. 1609 T. Hopkins i. 10 Take heed..not to be mirthmongers, making every day a day of pastime and pleasure. 1641 J. Trapp iv. 191 Then woe to our mirth-mongers that laugh now. 1895 W. Archer lii. 341 The pun, as a ‘mirth-provoker’, is dead. b. the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [adjective] 1725 E. Fenton in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer I. iv. 302 Bright Helen mix'd a mirth-inspiring [Gk. νηπενθές] bowl. 1822 17 Aug. 1/5 Not observing the mirth inspiring beverage beside his plate, he rose from the table in a violent passion. 1849 C. Brontë II. iv. 100 Lifting up her mirth-lit face to the gallery. 1771 H. Mackenzie (1789) xl. 234 Twas taught by Lavinia's smile In the mirth-loving chorus to join. ?1817 in (Brit. Mus.) (1949) IX. 763 Come, listen awhile, all ye mirth-loving Wags. 1853 W. J. Hickie tr. Aristophanes II. 543 The unrestrained, mirth-loving act of worship. 1592 S. Daniel Complaynt of Rosamond in sig. L2v O Iealousie, daughter of enuy and loue,..Myrth-marring Monster, borne a subtile lyer. c1771 S. Foote i. 13 That..water drinking, mirth-marring, amorous, old huncks. the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [adjective] 1598 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 71 A mirth-moouing iest. View more context for this quotation 1863 A. Trollope II. ix. 180 Nor would he even laugh at Tappitt's jokes, if..such jokes were not mirth-moving in their intrinsic nature. the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [adjective] 1828 A. M. Porter Coming Out in J. Porter & A. M. Porter I. 385 Beyond the reach of mirth-provoking whispers. 1993 W. Baldwin iv. 119 The preacher found this quite mirth-provoking and my cousin had to shush him quiet. C2. society > leisure > social event > festive occasion > [noun] > day or season of 1778 W. Marshall Digest 118 Let the Amusements of those Mirth-Days be athletic and exhilarating. 1910 S. W. Mitchell (new ed.) 83 Birth-day or Earth-day, Which the true mirth-day? society > faith > worship > church music > hymn > kinds of hymn > joyful > [noun] society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > religious or devotional > [noun] > religious song > of joy 1573 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger (rev. ed.) xxix. f. 81 The myrth-songes, or Carols of Gods excellent creatures. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † mirthv.Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mirth n. Obsolete. the mind > emotion > pleasure > joy, gladness, or delight > rejoicing or exultation > rejoice or exult [verb (intransitive)] a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxi. 14 in C. Horstmann (1896) II. 162 (MED) Faines in lauerd and glades in querte And mirþhes [L. gloriamini] alle rightwise ofe herte. c1400 D/12 Angus..Mirthes and mankes and melles to grounde..diues on-to dede swithe many. society > leisure > entertainment > [verb (transitive)] the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > cause to be merry [verb (transitive)] a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) 7254 (MED) Bi a piler þan was he sett To mirth þe gomys at þair mett. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) 10887 (MED) Of þe beþ born a burþ Synful men to ioye & murþ. c1400 (?c1380) 862 He myrþez vus alle at vch a mes. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle 10 With byrnynge lufe playnly our myndes myrthand. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in i. f. cccxxvi Blysse of my ioye, that ofte me murthed is turned in to galle. c1540 (?a1400) 7910 To se the maner of þo men & mirth hym a stound. a1600 (1664) ii. 20 Then Minstrels mirthed all the land. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online December 2021). <  n.eOE v.a1400 |
