mirkenv.

Brit.

/ˈməːk(ə)n/, U.S.

/ˈmərkən/, Scottish English

/ˈmɪrkən/

Forms: Middle English merkin, Middle English mircken, Middle English mirken, Middle English morken, Middle English mourken, Middle English–1500s merken; Scottish pre-1700 mirkin, pre-1700 myrken, 1900s– mirken (Shetland), 1900s– mirkn (Shetland).

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: murk adj., -en suffix⁵.

Etymology: Either < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic myrkna, Faroese myrkna , Norwegian (Nynorsk) myrkna , Old Swedish myrkna (Swedish mörkna ), Danish mørkne (all < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic myrkr murk adj. + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -na -en suffix⁵)), or < murk adj. + -en suffix⁵, after the early Scandinavian word. In later (Shetland) use < the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by the Scandinavian forms listed above. Compare mirkning n.In Middle English only in northern and north midland texts.

Now Shetland.

1. intransitive. To become dark and gloomy; to grow murky.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > become dark [verb (intransitive)]

a-thesterc885

thestera900

swerkOE

darken?a1300

dima1300

therkc1300

murkc1330

darka1393

mirkena1400

formirkenc1430

obscure?a1513

cloud1598

darkle1823

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 24410 Þe elementis þen mirkenid [a1400 Vesp. murned] alle quen þai sagh þaire fourmer falle.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1764 (MED) Sun and mone þeir bemes hide, Merkind [a1400 Gött. Yt mirked; a1400 Trin. Cambr. Hit merked; a1400 Fairf. myrke was] oueral þis werld wide.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1760 Morkenes þe mery weder.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xv. 131 All thyng dymmis and myrknys me about.

c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. (1821) II. 505 The day mirknit half an houre togidder as it had bene nicht.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 7350 The derk entrid..All merknet the mountens & mores aboute.

1912 J. Jakobsen Etymol. Ordbog Norrøne Sprog Shetland at Mirkn, Mirken He is mirknin.

1958 New Shetlander No. 48. 11 Whin Summer fled, an nichts begood ta mirken.

1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. at Mirken We'll hae ta try an feenish dis job afore da nichts begin ta mirken.

†2. transitive. Scottish. To deprive of light; to make dark, dim. Also figurative. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) i. l. 200 Fra elde had myrknyt al his sicht.

c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. Eph. iv. 18 Hethin men..that haue vnderstanding mirknyt with mirknessis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mirken
释义	mirkenv. Brit. /ˈməːk(ə)n/, U.S. /ˈmərkən/, Scottish English /ˈmɪrkən/ Forms: Middle English merkin, Middle English mircken, Middle English mirken, Middle English morken, Middle English mourken, Middle English–1500s merken; Scottish pre-1700 mirkin, pre-1700 myrken, 1900s– mirken (Shetland), 1900s– mirkn (Shetland). Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Or (ii) formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: murk adj., -en suffix⁵. Etymology: Either < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic myrkna, Faroese myrkna , Norwegian (Nynorsk) myrkna , Old Swedish myrkna (Swedish mörkna ), Danish mørkne (all < the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic myrkr murk adj. + the Scandinavian base of Old Icelandic -na -en suffix⁵)), or < murk adj. + -en suffix⁵, after the early Scandinavian word. In later (Shetland) use < the unattested Norn reflex of the early Scandinavian word represented by the Scandinavian forms listed above. Compare mirkning n.In Middle English only in northern and north midland texts. Now Shetland. 1. intransitive. To become dark and gloomy; to grow murky. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > become dark [verb (intransitive)] a-thesterc885 thestera900 swerkOE darken?a1300 dima1300 therkc1300 murkc1330 darka1393 mirkena1400 formirkenc1430 obscure?a1513 cloud1598 darkle1823 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 24410 Þe elementis þen mirkenid [a1400 Vesp. murned] alle quen þai sagh þaire fourmer falle. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 1764 (MED) Sun and mone þeir bemes hide, Merkind [a1400 Gött. Yt mirked; a1400 Trin. Cambr. Hit merked; a1400 Fairf. myrke was] oueral þis werld wide. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 1760 Morkenes þe mery weder. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. xv. 131 All thyng dymmis and myrknys me about. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. (1821) II. 505 The day mirknit half an houre togidder as it had bene nicht. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 7350 The derk entrid..All merknet the mountens & mores aboute. 1912 J. Jakobsen Etymol. Ordbog Norrøne Sprog Shetland at Mirkn, Mirken He is mirknin. 1958 New Shetlander No. 48. 11 Whin Summer fled, an nichts begood ta mirken. 1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. at Mirken We'll hae ta try an feenish dis job afore da nichts begin ta mirken. †2. transitive. Scottish. To deprive of light; to make dark, dim. Also figurative. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Adv. 19.2.3) i. l. 200 Fra elde had myrknyt al his sicht. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1903) II. Eph. iv. 18 Hethin men..that haue vnderstanding mirknyt with mirknessis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.a1400
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