minivern.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmɪnᵻvə/, U.S.

/ˈmɪnəvər/

Forms: Middle English manyver, Middle English meneuer, Middle English meneuere, Middle English meneueyr, Middle English menevaire, Middle English menevayr, Middle English menevere, Middle English meneveyr, Middle English menevoir, Middle English meniuer, Middle English meniuere, Middle English menivere, Middle English menivieyr, Middle English mennever, Middle English menuer, Middle English menuuer, Middle English menuueyr, Middle English menuver, Middle English menuveyr, Middle English menuvoyr, Middle English menvayre, Middle English menver, Middle English menyuer, Middle English menyuere, Middle English menyvaire, Middle English menyver, Middle English menyvere, Middle English menyvoer, Middle English menywere, Middle English meyneveir, Middle English–1500s menever, Middle English–1500s mynever, Middle English–1800s meniver, 1500s meniueere, 1500s 1800s minivere, 1500s–1600s mineuer, 1500s–1600s miniuer, 1500s–1800s minever, 1500s– miniver, 1600s minerver, 1600s miniveere, 1600s mynnever, 1600s (1800s– English regional (East Anglian)) minifa, 1600s (1800s– English regional (East Anglian)) minifer, 1800s mineveer, 1900s– minify (English regional (East Anglian)); Scottish pre-1700 meneuer, pre-1700 menever, pre-1700 mennytvare, pre-1700 menyuer, pre-1700 menyvaire, pre-1700 menyvare, pre-1700 menywere, pre-1700 mynevar, pre-1700 mynever, pre-1700 mynniwer, pre-1700 mynnyfere, pre-1700 mynnyvar, pre-1700 mynnywar.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French menver, menu vair.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman menver, menever, menevere, menyver, menyvere, menyvoir white fur, originally as cut from a squirrel's winter coat (early 14th cent. or earlier; c1300 in sense ‘white’) and Old French, Middle French, French menu vair squirrel, squirrel fur (1306; 1549 in heraldic use, although in different application from in English) < menu small (see menu n.) + vair vair n. Compare post-classical Latin menevera, meneverus kind of animal used for fur (from c1380 in British sources), kind of fur (from 1393 in British sources), and also (denoting the fur) varium minutum (1198, c1432 in British sources), verium minutum (1280 in a British source), and minutus ver (1231 in a British source; in this instance the second element appears to be Anglo-Norman rather than Latin).The following earlier example of a vernacular word in a Latin context may shown the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:?1300 in J. Topham Wardrobe Acct. Edward I (1787) 28 2 corsett' de miniver.

A. n.

1. A kind of fur, now always plain white, used esp. as a lining and trimming for ceremonial costumes and formerly in the making of certain kinds of hat or cap; a pelt or piece of this fur. Cf. vair n., ermine n. 2.The French menu vair or petit-gris is the red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, in its winter coat, which is greyish with white underparts. In the 13th and 14th centuries the fur of this animal was commonly used for the lining and decoration of ceremonial costumes, with the dark and white fur forming an alternating pattern. In England it became fashionable to cut the grey and white fur apart and treat them separately (see pured gris, pured miniver at pured adj. 1, purray n.), so that miniver came to be used of any pure white fur. In 1688 R. Holme explains miniver as ‘plain white fur’, and this is probably the meaning of the word as used with reference to the costume of judges and the lower nobility in the 16–17th centuries. In this sense the term was revived in the official regulations for the coronation of Edward VII, and it has since had some currency in descriptions of the ceremonial costume of peers.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of squirrel

strandlingc1299

vaira1300

miniverc1300

calaber1362

pured miniver1379

purray1429

pured?1435

squirrel1436

pople1493

pure1512

amice1548

squirrel1827

c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 110 [He la]t bringe a cupe of seluer [And eke] a pane of menuuer.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 137 For a [mantel] of menyuere, he made lele matrimonye Departen.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 65 Furres of gray, meniuere, and letuse.

1463–4 Rolls of Parl. V. 505/1 Furres of Martirons, Funes, Letyce, pured Grey, Menyver.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 818 A lykly knyght and well apparaylede in scarlet furred with menyvere.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxiiii The knightes of the bath in Violet gounes with hoddes purfeled with Miniuer lyke doctors.

1593 M. Drayton Idea viii. sig. J3^v His hood of Meniueere.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ii1^v Miniuer, is nothing but the bellies of Squirels.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Vair, Menu Vair Mineuer; the furre of Ermines mixed, or spotted, with the furre of the Weesell called Gris.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 50/2 They [sc. Viscounts] have no Ermine on their Mantles, but three doublings of Miniver, or plain White Furr, the Baron having but two on the cape of his Mantle.

1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 33 If they be of Cambridge, they wear white meniver.

1836 Lady's Bk. June 276/2 The sumptuary laws passed in this reign, prohibit the wearing of furs of ermine, lettice, pure minivers or grey, by the wives of esquires, unless they are noble themselves.

1867 J. Ingelow Story of Doom vi. 214 And served in gold, and warmed with minivere.

1901 Suppl. to London Gaz. of Tuesday 1 Oct. 4 Oct. 6477/2 That the robe or mantle of the Peers be of crimson velvet, edged with miniver, the cape furred with miniver pure, and powdered with bars or rows of ermine.

1964 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 24 488 Quantities of fur, including sable, ermine, miniver, and vair, not native to England.

1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities xxix. 188 The hat of white miniver was taken from the belly of the Siberian squirrel.

2. English regional (chiefly East Anglian). The stoat or ermine, Mustela erminea, when in its white winter coat. In early use more generally: †any animal from which the fur miniver is obtained (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > coat > hair, wool, or fur > animal from which miniver fur is obtained

miniver1607

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 726 The white weasell is called Mineuer, by the transposition of the letters of the French word, it is called Herminne.

a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. N7^v Then not to err Had been a trespass 'gainst the Miniver.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 197 Furs, as Sables,..Miniver,..Beaver, Otter, Squirrel and the like.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) II. 215 Minifer, the white stoat or ermin.

1895 P. H. Emerson Birds, Beasts, & Fishes Norfolk Broadland 345 In winter, of course, he [sc. the stoat] is often white, with a black tip to his tail—hence his name of ‘minifa’.

1895 Daily News 27 Nov. 6/3 To this day the white stoat is called ‘minifer’ in Norfolk.

1965 East Anglian Mag. May 241/1 [The weasel] was known as a miniver, minifer or minify.

†3. Heraldry. A heraldic fur or vair in which the stylized representations of squirrel pelts are sufficiently small for more than four rows to be fitted on the shield. See vair n. 3. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > fur

fur1610

white1688

miniver?1828

?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. Eee/1 Menu of Vair, or Meniver, from the French menu-vair, is said when the vairy, which is usually of four rows, consists of six or more.

1855 Godey's Lady's Bk. Feb. 107/1 The robes of the judges are also scarlet and pure white ermine. In heraldry, the ermine is entitled minever.

1890 Cent. Dict. Miniver, in her., a fur like vair, with the peculiarity that the escutcheon-miniver contains six or more horizontal rows of spots.

B. adj. (attributive).

Made of miniver. Now chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [adjective] > made of specific fur or pelt

miniverc1400

ostrich skin1494

budgy1598

sealskinned1599

sealskin1769

leopard1772

marmot1865

leopard skin1895

monkeyc1896

nutria1920

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxiii. 138 For a menyuer mantel he made leel matrimonye Departe er deþ come.

1586 L. Evans Withals' Dict. Rev. F 1^v In steade of a buckler she carride a Distaffe, and in steade of a helmet, she woore a miniuer cap or a bonnet.

1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 937 A Menever cappe, redimiculum.

1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. K Shall Sim Eyre leaue to speake of you Ladie Madgie? vanish mother Miniuer cap.

a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. iv. 76 You wore..somtimes A dainty Miniver cap.

1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. x. 17 Minerver-skins, Sables, and other very pretious Furs.

1858 G. A. Sala Journey Due North ix. 201 For ornament's sake, the sheepskin is superseded round the tops by bands of rabbit or miniver skin.

1879 Atlantic Monthly July 53/1 It was not till about that time that citizens' wives ceased to wear white knit woolen caps, and three-square Minever caps with peaks.

1890 Scribner's Mag. July 70/1 His dress was grave but handsome; a short gown ‘purfled’..with minever fur.

1984 J. Nunn Fashion in Costume 44 Informal coif-like caps can be seen in Holbein drawings,..sometimes worn under a hat, but also made of fur and called lettice caps or..miniver caps.

1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 128 If I do not know, what else am I than a farrier sporting the doctor's miniver hat?

Compounds

General attributive.

miniver-trimmed adj.

ΚΠ

1969 V. Nabokov Ada i. xix. 114 Yes, she rushed down the corridor and lost a miniver-trimmed slipper on the grand staircase.

1998 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Nov. iv. 2 Lavishly dressed courtiers carried golden maces, silk purses and miniver-trimmed ceremonial caps in the procession behind the Queen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	miniver
释义	minivern.adj. Brit. /ˈmɪnᵻvə/, U.S. /ˈmɪnəvər/ Forms: Middle English manyver, Middle English meneuer, Middle English meneuere, Middle English meneueyr, Middle English menevaire, Middle English menevayr, Middle English menevere, Middle English meneveyr, Middle English menevoir, Middle English meniuer, Middle English meniuere, Middle English menivere, Middle English menivieyr, Middle English mennever, Middle English menuer, Middle English menuuer, Middle English menuueyr, Middle English menuver, Middle English menuveyr, Middle English menuvoyr, Middle English menvayre, Middle English menver, Middle English menyuer, Middle English menyuere, Middle English menyvaire, Middle English menyver, Middle English menyvere, Middle English menyvoer, Middle English menywere, Middle English meyneveir, Middle English–1500s menever, Middle English–1500s mynever, Middle English–1800s meniver, 1500s meniueere, 1500s 1800s minivere, 1500s–1600s mineuer, 1500s–1600s miniuer, 1500s–1800s minever, 1500s– miniver, 1600s minerver, 1600s miniveere, 1600s mynnever, 1600s (1800s– English regional (East Anglian)) minifa, 1600s (1800s– English regional (East Anglian)) minifer, 1800s mineveer, 1900s– minify (English regional (East Anglian)); Scottish pre-1700 meneuer, pre-1700 menever, pre-1700 mennytvare, pre-1700 menyuer, pre-1700 menyvaire, pre-1700 menyvare, pre-1700 menywere, pre-1700 mynevar, pre-1700 mynever, pre-1700 mynniwer, pre-1700 mynnyfere, pre-1700 mynnyvar, pre-1700 mynnywar. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French menver, menu vair. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman menver, menever, menevere, menyver, menyvere, menyvoir white fur, originally as cut from a squirrel's winter coat (early 14th cent. or earlier; c1300 in sense ‘white’) and Old French, Middle French, French menu vair squirrel, squirrel fur (1306; 1549 in heraldic use, although in different application from in English) < menu small (see menu n.) + vair vair n. Compare post-classical Latin menevera, meneverus kind of animal used for fur (from c1380 in British sources), kind of fur (from 1393 in British sources), and also (denoting the fur) varium minutum (1198, c1432 in British sources), verium minutum (1280 in a British source), and minutus ver (1231 in a British source; in this instance the second element appears to be Anglo-Norman rather than Latin).The following earlier example of a vernacular word in a Latin context may shown the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:?1300 in J. Topham Wardrobe Acct. Edward I (1787) 28 2 corsett' de miniver. A. n. 1. A kind of fur, now always plain white, used esp. as a lining and trimming for ceremonial costumes and formerly in the making of certain kinds of hat or cap; a pelt or piece of this fur. Cf. vair n., ermine n. 2.The French menu vair or petit-gris is the red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris, in its winter coat, which is greyish with white underparts. In the 13th and 14th centuries the fur of this animal was commonly used for the lining and decoration of ceremonial costumes, with the dark and white fur forming an alternating pattern. In England it became fashionable to cut the grey and white fur apart and treat them separately (see pured gris, pured miniver at pured adj. 1, purray n.), so that miniver came to be used of any pure white fur. In 1688 R. Holme explains miniver as ‘plain white fur’, and this is probably the meaning of the word as used with reference to the costume of judges and the lower nobility in the 16–17th centuries. In this sense the term was revived in the official regulations for the coronation of Edward VII, and it has since had some currency in descriptions of the ceremonial costume of peers. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of squirrel strandlingc1299 vaira1300 miniverc1300 calaber1362 pured miniver1379 purray1429 pured?1435 squirrel1436 pople1493 pure1512 amice1548 squirrel1827 c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 110 [He la]t bringe a cupe of seluer [And eke] a pane of menuuer. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 137 For a [mantel] of menyuere, he made lele matrimonye Departen. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 65 Furres of gray, meniuere, and letuse. 1463–4 Rolls of Parl. V. 505/1 Furres of Martirons, Funes, Letyce, pured Grey, Menyver. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 818 A lykly knyght and well apparaylede in scarlet furred with menyvere. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. ccxiiii The knightes of the bath in Violet gounes with hoddes purfeled with Miniuer lyke doctors. 1593 M. Drayton Idea viii. sig. J3^v His hood of Meniueere. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ii1^v Miniuer, is nothing but the bellies of Squirels. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Vair, Menu Vair Mineuer; the furre of Ermines mixed, or spotted, with the furre of the Weesell called Gris. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 50/2 They [sc. Viscounts] have no Ermine on their Mantles, but three doublings of Miniver, or plain White Furr, the Baron having but two on the cape of his Mantle. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 33 If they be of Cambridge, they wear white meniver. 1836 Lady's Bk. June 276/2 The sumptuary laws passed in this reign, prohibit the wearing of furs of ermine, lettice, pure minivers or grey, by the wives of esquires, unless they are noble themselves. 1867 J. Ingelow Story of Doom vi. 214 And served in gold, and warmed with minivere. 1901 Suppl. to London Gaz. of Tuesday 1 Oct. 4 Oct. 6477/2 That the robe or mantle of the Peers be of crimson velvet, edged with miniver, the cape furred with miniver pure, and powdered with bars or rows of ermine. 1964 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 24 488 Quantities of fur, including sable, ermine, miniver, and vair, not native to England. 1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities xxix. 188 The hat of white miniver was taken from the belly of the Siberian squirrel. 2. English regional (chiefly East Anglian). The stoat or ermine, Mustela erminea, when in its white winter coat. In early use more generally: †any animal from which the fur miniver is obtained (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [noun] > coat > hair, wool, or fur > animal from which miniver fur is obtained miniver1607 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 726 The white weasell is called Mineuer, by the transposition of the letters of the French word, it is called Herminne. a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. N7^v Then not to err Had been a trespass 'gainst the Miniver. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 197 Furs, as Sables,..Miniver,..Beaver, Otter, Squirrel and the like. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) II. 215 Minifer, the white stoat or ermin. 1895 P. H. Emerson Birds, Beasts, & Fishes Norfolk Broadland 345 In winter, of course, he [sc. the stoat] is often white, with a black tip to his tail—hence his name of ‘minifa’. 1895 Daily News 27 Nov. 6/3 To this day the white stoat is called ‘minifer’ in Norfolk. 1965 East Anglian Mag. May 241/1 [The weasel] was known as a miniver, minifer or minify. †3. Heraldry. A heraldic fur or vair in which the stylized representations of squirrel pelts are sufficiently small for more than four rows to be fitted on the shield. See vair n. 3. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > heraldic tincture > [noun] > fur fur1610 white1688 miniver?1828 ?1828 W. Berry Encycl. Heraldica I. sig. Eee/1 Menu of Vair, or Meniver, from the French menu-vair, is said when the vairy, which is usually of four rows, consists of six or more. 1855 Godey's Lady's Bk. Feb. 107/1 The robes of the judges are also scarlet and pure white ermine. In heraldry, the ermine is entitled minever. 1890 Cent. Dict. Miniver, in her., a fur like vair, with the peculiarity that the escutcheon-miniver contains six or more horizontal rows of spots. B. adj. (attributive). Made of miniver. Now chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [adjective] > made of specific fur or pelt miniverc1400 ostrich skin1494 budgy1598 sealskinned1599 sealskin1769 leopard1772 marmot1865 leopard skin1895 monkeyc1896 nutria1920 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xxiii. 138 For a menyuer mantel he made leel matrimonye Departe er deþ come. 1586 L. Evans Withals' Dict. Rev. F 1^v In steade of a buckler she carride a Distaffe, and in steade of a helmet, she woore a miniuer cap or a bonnet. 1589 J. Rider Bibliotheca Scholastica 937 A Menever cappe, redimiculum. 1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. K Shall Sim Eyre leaue to speake of you Ladie Madgie? vanish mother Miniuer cap. a1640 P. Massinger City-Madam (1658) iv. iv. 76 You wore..somtimes A dainty Miniver cap. 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. x. 17 Minerver-skins, Sables, and other very pretious Furs. 1858 G. A. Sala Journey Due North ix. 201 For ornament's sake, the sheepskin is superseded round the tops by bands of rabbit or miniver skin. 1879 Atlantic Monthly July 53/1 It was not till about that time that citizens' wives ceased to wear white knit woolen caps, and three-square Minever caps with peaks. 1890 Scribner's Mag. July 70/1 His dress was grave but handsome; a short gown ‘purfled’..with minever fur. 1984 J. Nunn Fashion in Costume 44 Informal coif-like caps can be seen in Holbein drawings,..sometimes worn under a hat, but also made of fur and called lettice caps or..miniver caps. 1991 E. S. Connell Alchymist's Jrnl. (1992) 128 If I do not know, what else am I than a farrier sporting the doctor's miniver hat? Compounds General attributive. miniver-trimmed adj. ΚΠ 1969 V. Nabokov Ada i. xix. 114 Yes, she rushed down the corridor and lost a miniver-trimmed slipper on the grand staircase. 1998 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 29 Nov. iv. 2 Lavishly dressed courtiers carried golden maces, silk purses and miniver-trimmed ceremonial caps in the procession behind the Queen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1300
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