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单词 miscreant
释义

miscreantadj.n.

Brit. /ˈmɪskrɪənt/, U.S. /ˈmɪskriənt/
Forms: Middle English mescreant, Middle English mescreaun, Middle English mescreaunt, Middle English miscreawnt, Middle English misscreaunt, Middle English myscreawnt, Middle English–1500s miscreaunt, Middle English–1500s myscreant, Middle English–1500s myscreaunt, Middle English–1500s myscreaunte, Middle English– miscreant, late Middle English miscreaunce (plural, in a late copy), late Middle English miscreauncez (plural, probably transmission error), 1500s miscraeunt (probably transmission error), 1500s miscroyaunte, 1600s miscrean (perhaps transmission error), 1600s miscrent (perhaps transmission error).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French mescreant, mescreire.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mescreant, mescreaunt, Middle French mescreant (French mécréant ; 12th cent. in Old French as adjective in sense ‘heretical, unbelieving (in Christianity)’, 1665 in sense ‘unbelieving (in any religion)’, late 12th cent. as noun in sense ‘unbeliever’), uses as adjective and noun of present participle of Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French mescreire, Old French, Middle French mescroire (early 12th cent.; French mécroire ) < mes- mis- prefix2 + creire , croire to believe (see creant adj.1). Compare Old Occitan mescrezen (12th cent.), Occitan mescresent , Italian miscredente (13th cent). Compare later miscredent n. and adj.Senses A. 2 and B. 2 are apparently not paralleled in French. For instances of apparent confusion with this word see notes s.vv. miscreate adj. and n. and miscreated adj.; compare also the variant myscreaturys in quot. a1450 at sense B. 1a.
A. adj.
1. Misbelieving, heretical; pagan, infidel. Obsolete (in later use archaic, frequently with overtones of sense A. 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective]
heathenishc893
heathen971
misbelievedc1225
Barbarya1300
payenc1300
miscreantc1330
paynimc1330
uncircumcideda1382
uncircumciseda1400
gentilec1400
heathenly1415
paganismc1425
profanec1450
pagan1464
ethnical?a1475
payemec1480
miscredentc1500
heathenish1535
whorish1535
ethnic1542
ethnish1542
idolous1546
mammetrous1546
gentilish1550
idolatrous?1550
idololatrical1550
infidel1551
idolatrical1556
gentilical1573
paganical?1573
idolish1577
heatheny1580
irreligious1585
paganish1589
gentilic1603
idolaster1608
gentilitious1613
heathenous1613
idolatrizing1614
image-worshipping1621
misreligious1623
Mahounda1625
gentilizing1637
idololatrousa1641
infidelious1648
Baalitical1652
national1661
idolatric1669
paganic1676
gentilized1684
Baalish1690
idololatrica1711
infidelical1802
semi-fidel1834
Greekish1851
paganistic1853
unselect1882
goyish1888
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) 5227 (MED) He smot in al þat route..Of mani paiem miscreaunt.
1421 in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 87 (MED) Sir John Oldcastell..was myscreant and unboxome to the lawe of God.
1532 T. More Confut. Barnes in Wks. (1557) 774/1 Al miscreant Painyms, all false Jewes, al false heretikes.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory f. 26 b If he [sc. a Christian]..kill an heathen gentleman..he shall beare the armes..without any difference, sauing only ye word of ye same miscreant gentleman.
1633 T. Adams Comm. 2 Peter (iii. 4) 1178 All their [sc. Atheists'] virulent and miscreant positions shall perish with them in unquenchable flames.
1682 S. Speed Gigantomaxia 11 Bravely to Conquer, or to Dye, By hand of miscreant Heathen.
1715 N. Rowe Lady Jane Gray v, in Wks. (1728) III. 69 To break thro' all Engagements made with Hereticks, And keep no Faith with such a Miscreant Crew.
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward II. vii. 167 Such a miscreant dog as this Boar of Ardennes, who is worse than a whole desert of Saracen heathens.
1844 T. B. Macaulay Misc. Writings (1889) 310 No outrage committed by the Catholic warrior on the miscreant enemy could deserve punishment.
1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. vi. 184 The gates of the pit were too narrow for their miscreant souls.
1882 Harper's Mag. Mar. 510/1 The miscreant pagans fiercely ride amain.
2. Depraved, villainous; (in weakened sense) badly behaved, reprobate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > baseness > [adjective]
theowlikec1175
wickc1175
wretcha1200
lechera1300
vilea1300
feeblea1325
brothely1330
caitiffa1400
roinousa1425
basec1450
harlotry1486
filthy1533
brockish1546
vild1568
tinkerly?1576
scabbed?1577
miscreant1593
unnoble1593
slavish1597
rascally1600
roguish1601
sordidous1602
facinoriousa1616
scullion1658
dirty1670
shabbed1674
shabby1679
scoundrel1681
scabby1712
verminating1720
small1824
low-down1865
verminiferous1895
ragtime1917
ribby1936
raunchy1937
scungy1966
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [adjective] > extremely wicked > villainous
villain1340
villains1390
glutton1532
villainous1570
miscreant1593
miscreantic1793
1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 176 The Ring leader of the corruptest bawdes, and miscreantest rakehells in Italy.
1660 W. Chamberlayne Englands Iubile 4 Such miscreant wretches, as dare still offend.
1691 J. Dryden King Arthur iii. 23 Thou miscreant Elf, thou Renegade Scout.
1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 667 All the miscreant race of humankind.
1793 A. Young Example of France (ed. 3) 157 The red hot Maratism of the miscreant Society.
1818 Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 33 381 The miscreant ministers and judges and spies who had been the abettors of that tyrant House.
1850 ‘S. Yendys’ Roman i. 15 That..sneaks downcast With craven tail and miscreant trepidation To kennel and to collar.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 344 One of those miscreant boys was a runaway from a Fan village.
1975 J. Hersey George Van Santvoord in Life Sketches (1991) 5 This austere personage..had to cope with the tidal energies of three hundred and fifty mostly miscreant students.
1993 D. C. Reece Rich Broth iv. 21 The Senior Proctor, a faculty member burdened with the task of laying hands on miscreant undergraduates.
B. n.
1.
a. An unbeliever; a heretic, infidel. In later use archaic, with overtones of sense A. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person
heathenc1000
Saracenc1250
payenc1275
paynimc1300
wanbody1303
payemec1330
idolaterc1380
gentilea1382
idolasterc1386
miscreantc1400
mammeter?a1425
paganc1440
infidel1470
ethnic?a1475
image server1531
serve-image1531
heathenista1556
image-worshipper1563
Kaffir1577
giaour1589
Baalista1603
idolant1605
idolatress1613
idolist1614
idololatera1641
iconolater1654
Baalite1656
iconodulist1716
irreligionista1779
neopagan1868
iconodule1893
witch1958
c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. l. 2862 (MED) The two defaltes bringen in the thridde; Of mescreantz..now aldai thei finde an open gate.
?c1430 (?1383) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 303 A litel covent of Sathanas synagoge, þat ben moche worse þan heþene myscreauntis.
a1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Royal) (1886) 3 (MED) Þes iij kynges..of myscreauntys [v.rr. myscreantez; misscreauntis gentiles, myscreaturys, myscredentis] were þe first bileuyng men.
1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) xxi. xiii. sig. eevv These foure knyghtes dyd many bataylles vpon the myscreantes or turkes.
1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Dijv Alured kynge of Englande..fought agaynst the Danes and other myscreantes .lvi. battayles.
1554 T. Martin Traictise Marriage of Priestes sig. Bbiiiv If the vnbeleuer or miscroyaunte dooe departe, let him departe.
1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lxiii. 151 We are not therefore ashamed of the Gospell of our Lord Iesus Christ because miscreants in skorne haue vpbraided vs.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 477 A blasphemous miscreant, against their Pope, their Lady, and their Church.
1668 M. Casaubon Of Credulity & Incred. (1670) 81 Enough to make any miscreant, (professing outwardly Christianity) to blush.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 343 With a Caravan of Miscreants, as he call'd them, that is to say, Christians.
1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall VI. lviii. 42 [Soliman's] generosity to the miscreants was interpreted as treason to the Christian cause.
1840 T. De Quincey On Essenes: Pt. II in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 469/1 Now he [sc. Josephus] will reveal himself (in the literal sense of the word) as a miscreant.
1873 W. H. Dixon Hist. Two Queens IV. xix. v. 27 A miscreant who had raised his impious hands against the Vicar of Christ.
1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xxviii. 119 If the chance [of learning the truth] had been theirs and they had neglected it (in which category were..Roman Catholics and Dissenters), the punishment was sure and merited... The miscreant was in a parlous state.
b. In extended use: a doubter, sceptic. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > [noun] > one who doubts
doubtful1589
doubter1603
sceptica1618
ducker1620
miscreant1660
hummer1820
dubitant1821
don't know1839
hesitater1853
persuadend1865
don't knowist1908
undecided1968
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 17 I know many miscreants, that doubt whether the world hath such a beast [sc. a unicorn].
a1681 G. Wharton Wks. (1683) 45 There..ever have been some Hereticks and Miscreants, who rail..against Astrology.
2. A villain, scoundrel; a rebel, criminal, or felon. Now frequently in weakened sense: a minor offender, reprobate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > wretchedness > wretch > [noun]
argha1275
mixa1300
caitiffc1325
crachouna1400
crathona1400
wretcheda1425
fouling?a1475
meschant1490
miscredent?a1500
ketterela1572
miscreant1590
scroyle1602
frummer1659
fustya1732
ramscallion1734
society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > [noun] > wicked person > villain
geringc1290
thief1297
villain1303
gerardc1350
meschant1490
miscredent?a1500
miscreant1590
villainist1596
viliaco1600
villagio1820
badman1855
meanie1932
baddie1934
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R7 Vile Miscreaunt (said he) whether dost thou flye The shame and death, which will thee soone inuade?
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 39 Thou art a traitour and a miscreant . View more context for this quotation
c1632 W. Mountfort Launching of Mary (1933) iv. iv. 104 Such miscreantes as seeke the Conquest of her Chastitie?
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1657 (1955) III. 204 These wretched miscreants, held their muskets against us as we came up to receive the Sacred Elements.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 101. ⁋1 These Miscreants are a Set of Wretches we Authors call Pirates.
1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton Rienzi I. i. iii. 43 He belongs to a horrible gang of miscreants, sworn against all order and peace.
1843 J. Bentham tr. P. E. L. Dumont in Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xiii, in Wks. I. 76/2 The miscreant who would commit murder that he might succeed to an inheritance.
1870 E. Peacock Ralf Skirlaugh III. 251 The miscreant, fully armed, set out on his errand of blood.
1886 Science 24 Sept. 287 Every unfortunate or miscreant who has once ‘served time’.
1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon xi. 235 Sergeant Jakes had..tracked down and brought to book the miscreant who had improperly rung the fire-alarm.
1971 Sunday Times 13 June 13/4 They [sc. the officers] moved in..with the freedom to comb-out and destroy Hindus and ‘miscreants’.
1997 Wantage & Grove Herald 1 May (The Beat Suppl.) 6/2 This is where the Neighbourhood Watch can and does come in..and the miscreants can never know if and when they are under observation.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.c1330
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