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单词 -ee
释义

-eesuffix1

Primary stress is attracted to this suffix.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French .
Etymology: Originally (compare sense 1) an adaptation of the Anglo-Norman , ending of certain past participles, which were used as nouns; subsequently (compare sense 4) < French , ending of participial nouns (in e.g. debauchee n., refugee n.). The existence in legal Anglo-Norman of pairs of correlative words like apelour appellor n., apelé appellee n., seems to have led in the first place to the invention of words in -ee parallel to those agent-nouns in -or which had been adapted in legal use from Anglo-Norman; and subsequently the terminations -or and -ee were freely added to English verb-stems to form nouns, those in -or denoting the agent, and those in -ee the passive party, in such transactions as are the object of legislative provision. In a few cases the suffix has been appended, not to a verb-stem in English or Anglo-Norman, but to a Latin past participial stem etymologically related to an English noun, as in legatee n., a person to whom a legacy has been bequeathed.
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Used in technical terms of English law, was originally an adaptation of the of certain Anglo-Norman past participles, which were used as nouns. Those in -ee denote the passive party in such transactions as are the object of legislative provision. The derivatives in -ee, however, unlike the Anglo-Norman participial nouns after which they were modelled, have not usually a grammatically passive sense, but denote the ‘indirect object’ of the verbs from which they are derived. Thus vendee is the person to whom a sale is made, indorsee the person in whose favour a draft, etc. is indorsed, lessee the person to whom property is let. With still greater departure from the original function of the suffix, payee denotes the person who is entitled to be paid, whether he be actually paid or not.
2. The use of this suffix in law terms has been frequently imitated in the formation of humorous (chiefly) nonce-words, as iestee, cuttee, educatee, laughee, sendee, denoting the personal object of the verbs from which they are formed.
3. In a few words, as bargee, devotee, the suffix is employed apparently arbitrarily.
4. -ee also appears in the English spelling of certain nouns adopted from modern French participial nouns in , as debauchee, refugee.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

-eesuffix2

Primary stress is usually attracted to this suffix, only occasionally retained by the preceding element.
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps an alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: -y suffix6.
Etymology: Origin uncertain. In bootee n., coatee n. it may (though not very probably) be an altered form of -y suffix6 (in Scottish -ie ). In other words, as goatee n., settee n.3, the analogies that may have given rise to the suffix are uncertain.
Of vague meaning. In bootee, coatee, it has a diminutive force.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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