Mingreliann.adj.

Brit.

/mɪŋˈɡreɪlɪən/,

/mɪnˈɡrɛlɪən/, U.S.

/mɪŋˈɡreɪliən/,

/mɪnˈɡrɛliən/

Forms: 1600s–1700s 1900s– Mengrelian, 1600s– Mingrelian.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latine Mengrelia , -an suffix.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Mengrelia (1404 in J. de Galonifontibus Libellus de Notitia Orbis), name of an area of the (north-)western Transcaucasus and Black Sea coast around Zugdidi, incorporated within, but often misleadingly equated with, the ancient kingdom of Colchis (now an area of Georgia; Russian Mingrelija (also in form Megrelija : see Megrelian n. (and adj.)), Georgian Samegrelo , Mingrelian Samargalo ) + -an suffix. Compare Russian mingrel , mingrelec (nouns) person from Mingrelia, mingrel′skij (adjective) Mingrelian; also in forms megrel , megrelec , nouns (see Megrel n. (and adj.)) and megrel′skij , adjective (see Megrelian n. (and adj.)). Compare French Mingrelien (1686 in the passage translated in quot. 1686 at sense A. 1).An earlier form Mingreles (plural) translates Middle French Mingrelés (1576):1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xix. f. 53 Some beyng taken by courses on the seas or by land, aswel from Grecians, Hongarians, Wallachers, Mingreles, Italians as other christian nations. The adoption of the form Mingrelian as the usual spelling was probably influenced by increased knowledge of the Russian place name Mingrelija.

A. n.

1. A native or inhabitant of Mingrelia; spec. a speaker of the Mingrelian language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of the Caucasus > [noun]

Circassian1555

Svan1601

Mingrelian1613

Abkhaz1686

Abaza1693

Lezgin1728

Ossetian1794

Abkhazian1799

Adyghe1799

Ainu1811

Chechen1814

Ossete1814

Kabardian1824

Tat1834

Laz1836

Caucasian1843

Svanetian1854

Ossetin1869

Gurian1876

Avar1881

Ingush1902

Megrelian1961

Megrel1967

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. i. 291 The present Mengrelians are rude and barbarous.

1639 E. Pagitt Relation Christians 47 Of the Greeke Communion are the..Georgians, Circassians, Mengrelians and Melchites.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 99 The Mingrelians have a greater Esteem for the Enchasements, then for the Reliques themselves.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 18 The Mengrelians, a People professing Christianity.

1747 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 372/2 Vice..is as common as theft is said to be amongst the Mingrelians.

1756 World 26 Aug. 1150 Let them talk of the Mengrelians, Topinambo's and Hottentots as much as they please.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 230 In this class we may reckon the Georgians, Circassians, and Mingrelians.

1863 Harper's Mag. May 794/1 The people in the town are Mingrelians; a very fair race—almost as fair as the Irish.

1895 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 199/2 One can easily count from fifteen to twenty different nationalities on the promenade,—Gurians..turbaned, serious Turks, Greeks, dusky Mingrelians, Imeritians, [etc.].

1945 tr. ‘J. Stalin’ Marxism & National Question vi. 60 What is to be done with the Mingrelians, the Abkhasians, the Adjarians, the Svanetians, the Lesghians, and so on, who speak different languages but do not possess a literature of their own?

1992 Times 10 Oct. 11/1 The Abkhazians, Ossetians and Mengrelians..are boycotting the vote.

1996 Independent on Sunday 23 June 20/5 Some 200,000 Georgians and Mingrelians who lived there fled during the war, and now live a miserable life as refugees in Georgia.

2. The South Caucasian language of the Mingrelian people.During the Soviet period the language, which until recently had no written form, was regarded as a dialect of Georgian.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Caucasian > [noun] > south Caucasian

Georgian1668

Mingrelian1668

Laz1939

1668 P. Ricaut Pres. State Ottoman Empire i. iv. 18 Some cryed in Georgian, others Albanian, Bosnian, Mengrelian, Turkish and Italian.

1875 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 4 188 These languages now include the Karthueli or Georgian, the Swan, the Lazian of Asia Minor, the Mingrelian, etc.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. xii. 375 South Caucasian..consists of four languages: Georgian.., Mingrelian, Laz, and Svanian.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 356/1 The chief languages are:..Mingrelian, Lazic, Svanetian.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 1/1 Speakers of the southern Abzhui dialect are frequently trilingual, able to converse in Mingrelian as well.

B. adj.

Of or relating to Mingrelia, its people, or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of the Caucasus > [adjective]

Circassian1638

Alan1705

Lezgin1780

Abkhaz1788

Mingrelian1788

Ossetin1788

Abaza1823

Lezgi1828

Ainua1837

Adyghe1847

Ossetic1850

Ossetian1854

Svanetian1854

Abkhazian1856

Avarian1875

Ossete1884

Ossetan1892

Kabardian1902

Gurian1932

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlii. 254 The Mingrelian ambassador arrived at Constantinople.

1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlii. 254 To purchase his mistress, a Mingrelian gentleman sold twelve priests and his wife to the Turks.

a1791 J. Wesley Serm. in Wks. (1811) IX. 234 Bodies of Georgian, Circassian, Mengrelian Christians.

1851 Littell's Living Age 17 May 315/2 Maize, dried fruit, tobacco, skins, wax, wine, and, above all, the excellent Mingrelian timber, found its way to Odessa.

1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VI. 914/1 The Mingrelian, Laz, Georgian, and Svan languages together constitute the Kartvelian, or South Caucasian, language family.

1998 Financial Times (Nexis) 3 July 3 Thousands of ethnic Mingrelian and Georgian refugees..had returned to the southern Abkhazian region of Gali.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mingrelian
释义	Mingreliann.adj. Brit. /mɪŋˈɡreɪlɪən/, /mɪnˈɡrɛlɪən/, U.S. /mɪŋˈɡreɪliən/, /mɪnˈɡrɛliən/ Forms: 1600s–1700s 1900s– Mengrelian, 1600s– Mingrelian. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latine Mengrelia , -an suffix. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Mengrelia (1404 in J. de Galonifontibus Libellus de Notitia Orbis), name of an area of the (north-)western Transcaucasus and Black Sea coast around Zugdidi, incorporated within, but often misleadingly equated with, the ancient kingdom of Colchis (now an area of Georgia; Russian Mingrelija (also in form Megrelija : see Megrelian n. (and adj.)), Georgian Samegrelo , Mingrelian Samargalo ) + -an suffix. Compare Russian mingrel , mingrelec (nouns) person from Mingrelia, mingrel′skij (adjective) Mingrelian; also in forms megrel , megrelec , nouns (see Megrel n. (and adj.)) and megrel′skij , adjective (see Megrelian n. (and adj.)). Compare French Mingrelien (1686 in the passage translated in quot. 1686 at sense A. 1).An earlier form Mingreles (plural) translates Middle French Mingrelés (1576):1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. xix. f. 53 Some beyng taken by courses on the seas or by land, aswel from Grecians, Hongarians, Wallachers, Mingreles, Italians as other christian nations. The adoption of the form Mingrelian as the usual spelling was probably influenced by increased knowledge of the Russian place name Mingrelija. A. n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Mingrelia; spec. a speaker of the Mingrelian language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of the Caucasus > [noun] Circassian1555 Svan1601 Mingrelian1613 Abkhaz1686 Abaza1693 Lezgin1728 Ossetian1794 Abkhazian1799 Adyghe1799 Ainu1811 Chechen1814 Ossete1814 Kabardian1824 Tat1834 Laz1836 Caucasian1843 Svanetian1854 Ossetin1869 Gurian1876 Avar1881 Ingush1902 Megrelian1961 Megrel1967 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage iv. i. 291 The present Mengrelians are rude and barbarous. 1639 E. Pagitt Relation Christians 47 Of the Greeke Communion are the..Georgians, Circassians, Mengrelians and Melchites. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 99 The Mingrelians have a greater Esteem for the Enchasements, then for the Reliques themselves. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding i. iii. 18 The Mengrelians, a People professing Christianity. 1747 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 372/2 Vice..is as common as theft is said to be amongst the Mingrelians. 1756 World 26 Aug. 1150 Let them talk of the Mengrelians, Topinambo's and Hottentots as much as they please. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth II. 230 In this class we may reckon the Georgians, Circassians, and Mingrelians. 1863 Harper's Mag. May 794/1 The people in the town are Mingrelians; a very fair race—almost as fair as the Irish. 1895 Atlantic Monthly Feb. 199/2 One can easily count from fifteen to twenty different nationalities on the promenade,—Gurians..turbaned, serious Turks, Greeks, dusky Mingrelians, Imeritians, [etc.]. 1945 tr. ‘J. Stalin’ Marxism & National Question vi. 60 What is to be done with the Mingrelians, the Abkhasians, the Adjarians, the Svanetians, the Lesghians, and so on, who speak different languages but do not possess a literature of their own? 1992 Times 10 Oct. 11/1 The Abkhazians, Ossetians and Mengrelians..are boycotting the vote. 1996 Independent on Sunday 23 June 20/5 Some 200,000 Georgians and Mingrelians who lived there fled during the war, and now live a miserable life as refugees in Georgia. 2. The South Caucasian language of the Mingrelian people.During the Soviet period the language, which until recently had no written form, was regarded as a dialect of Georgian. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Caucasian > [noun] > south Caucasian Georgian1668 Mingrelian1668 Laz1939 1668 P. Ricaut Pres. State Ottoman Empire i. iv. 18 Some cryed in Georgian, others Albanian, Bosnian, Mengrelian, Turkish and Italian. 1875 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 4 188 These languages now include the Karthueli or Georgian, the Swan, the Lazian of Asia Minor, the Mingrelian, etc. 1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. xii. 375 South Caucasian..consists of four languages: Georgian.., Mingrelian, Laz, and Svanian. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 356/1 The chief languages are:..Mingrelian, Lazic, Svanetian. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 1/1 Speakers of the southern Abzhui dialect are frequently trilingual, able to converse in Mingrelian as well. B. adj. Of or relating to Mingrelia, its people, or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of the Caucasus > [adjective] Circassian1638 Alan1705 Lezgin1780 Abkhaz1788 Mingrelian1788 Ossetin1788 Abaza1823 Lezgi1828 Ainua1837 Adyghe1847 Ossetic1850 Ossetian1854 Svanetian1854 Abkhazian1856 Avarian1875 Ossete1884 Ossetan1892 Kabardian1902 Gurian1932 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlii. 254 The Mingrelian ambassador arrived at Constantinople. 1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlii. 254 To purchase his mistress, a Mingrelian gentleman sold twelve priests and his wife to the Turks. a1791 J. Wesley Serm. in Wks. (1811) IX. 234 Bodies of Georgian, Circassian, Mengrelian Christians. 1851 Littell's Living Age 17 May 315/2 Maize, dried fruit, tobacco, skins, wax, wine, and, above all, the excellent Mingrelian timber, found its way to Odessa. 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VI. 914/1 The Mingrelian, Laz, Georgian, and Svan languages together constitute the Kartvelian, or South Caucasian, language family. 1998 Financial Times (Nexis) 3 July 3 Thousands of ethnic Mingrelian and Georgian refugees..had returned to the southern Abkhazian region of Gali. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1613
随便看	submember submembranaceous submembranous submen submeningeal submenta submental submentum submentums submenu submenus submerge submerged submerged tenth submerged-arc welding submergedarc welding submergement submergements submergence submergences submergent submerges submergibilities submergibility submergible