| 单词 | mid-back |
| 释义 | > as lemmasmid-back (a) Phonetics. Of a vowel sound: produced with (the highest part of the body of) the tongue at a relatively medium height in the mouth; showing auditory characteristics typical of sounds traditionally described as being so articulated; esp. in mid-back, mid-central, mid-front. Cf. high adj. 7, low adj. 6.Since the early 20th cent., the use of the terms high, mid, and low to designate vowel sounds has been associated with the system of cardinal vowels formulated by Daniel Jones, originally based on X-ray photographs of the interior of the mouth, in which both mid-high and mid-low front and back vowels are distinguished. However, many phoneticians now consider the most important factor to be the position of the major constriction formed by the tongue, of which tongue height is simply an approximate and not invariably reliable indication. The method of classification with reference to tongue height continues to be the one most widely employed, since it is a convenient means of categorizing auditory perceptions of vowel sounds. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [adjective] > types of openeOE sharp?1533 simple1582 small1599 soft1625 obscurea1637 round1710 slender1755 close1760 wide1824 lowered1836 narrow1844 labialized1856 orinasal1856 central1857 reduced1861 free1864 high1867 low1867 mid1867 mixed1867 rounded1867 unrounded1871 raised1876 unreduced1894 obscured1897 spread1902 lax1909 slack1909 tense1909 centralized1926 flat1934 r-coloured1935 checked1943 1867 A. M. Bell Visible Speech: Sci. Universal Alphabetics 72 The ‘Definers’ stand at the upper end of the stem for the ‘high’ vowel of each class; at the lower end for the ‘low’; and at both ends for the ‘mid’ vowel of each series. 1874 H. Sweet in Trans. Philol. Soc. 533 The short vowels do not seem to have changed much in the last few generations. The most noticeable fact is the loss of æ among the vulgar. It is modified by raising the tongue into the mid-front-wide, resulting in the familiar ceb for cæb. 1908 H. Sweet Sounds of Eng. 25 If the tongue stops exactly half-way, we obtain the normal ‘mid’ position, as in the first elements of ei and ou, which are mid-front and mid-back respectively. 1927 J. J. Hogan Eng. Lang. in Ireland 60 He notices the representation of M.E. ē slack by a mid-vowel: ‘They pronounce the words tea, sea, please, as if they were written, tay, say, plays; instead of tee, see, pleese.’ 1935 Harvard Stud. Philol. & Lit. 17 44 A diphthong whose first element was at first a mid-front vowel, and later..low-front-slack, mid-back-tense, or possibly ‘neutral’. 1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts xix. 415 For mid-central /ɜ/ the tip of the tongue is characteristically pulled back and elevated slightly. 1983 Word 34 224 Metaphonic closing of the higher mid-vowels, é and ó,..has been here eliminated in all but a few cases. 1992 Amer. Speech 67 62 The phonological features selected were /ai/ as a monophthong or a diphthong with a mid-central offglide, or a mid-front off-glide [etc.]. < as lemmas |
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