microplasticadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪkrə(ʊ)ˈplastɪk/, U.S.

/ˌmaɪkroʊˈplæstɪk/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: micro- comb. form, plastic adj., plastic n.

Etymology: As adjective < micro- comb. form + plastic adj. As noun < micro- comb. form + plastic n. Compare earlier microplasticity n.

Materials Science.

A. adj.

Designating, relating to, or caused by plastic flow on an internal, microscopic level, typically occurring at stresses below the yield point of the material.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [adjective] > relating to change of form > characterized by microplasticity

microplastic1955

1955 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 230 293 There can be a micro-plastic flow in diamond at room temperature.

1966 Jrnl. Strain Anal. 1 415/2 It is..a fact that plastic flow occurs in some parts of the cross-section even if the material is within the nominal elastic limit. This plastic deformation, which is of the same order of magnitude as the elastic strains, will be termed as micro-plastic throughout the paper.

1981 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 373 416 It is thus possible that some other dissipative process, perhaps microplastic deformation, is involved.

1993 Russian Physics Jrnl. 36 530 Microplastic strain occurs in any polycrystalline metal at stresses below the physical yield point, which reflects the gradual involvement of the individual grains in ‘plastic strain’.

B. n.

In singular and plural. Extremely small pieces of plastic, manufactured as such (in the form of nurdles or microbeads) or resulting from the disposal and breakdown of plastic products and waste.

ΚΠ

1990 S. Afr. Jrnl. Sci. 86 450/2 The mean frequency of micro-plastic particles increased from 491 m^-1 of beach in 1984 to 678 m^-1 in 1989.

1995 Rep. 3rd Internat. Conf. Marine Debris in Marine Accidents & Pollution (Austral. & N.Z. Environment & Conservation Council) Micro-plastics are not always inert, they can transfer toxins, become contaminated by heavy metals and be incorporated..by benthic filter feeders.

2006 Canberra Times (Australia) (Nexis) 21 June 7 As plastic breaks down in the ocean, microscopic but toxic fragments of plastics—known as microplastics—are ingested by whales, birds, seals and other wildlife.

2010 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Aug. 74/1 A handful of sand or cup of seawater from nearly anywhere in the world will probably be peppered with microplastics.

2014 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Sept. 15/1 An untold amount of plastic pollution finds its way into the ocean every year... Much of it most likely erodes into microplastic, tiny flecks smaller than five millimeters in diameter.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	microplastic
释义	microplasticadj.n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪkrə(ʊ)ˈplastɪk/, U.S. /ˌmaɪkroʊˈplæstɪk/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: micro- comb. form, plastic adj., plastic n. Etymology: As adjective < micro- comb. form + plastic adj. As noun < micro- comb. form + plastic n. Compare earlier microplasticity n. Materials Science. A. adj. Designating, relating to, or caused by plastic flow on an internal, microscopic level, typically occurring at stresses below the yield point of the material. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > stress or force exerted and tending to deform > [adjective] > relating to change of form > characterized by microplasticity microplastic1955 1955 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 230 293 There can be a micro-plastic flow in diamond at room temperature. 1966 Jrnl. Strain Anal. 1 415/2 It is..a fact that plastic flow occurs in some parts of the cross-section even if the material is within the nominal elastic limit. This plastic deformation, which is of the same order of magnitude as the elastic strains, will be termed as micro-plastic throughout the paper. 1981 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 373 416 It is thus possible that some other dissipative process, perhaps microplastic deformation, is involved. 1993 Russian Physics Jrnl. 36 530 Microplastic strain occurs in any polycrystalline metal at stresses below the physical yield point, which reflects the gradual involvement of the individual grains in ‘plastic strain’. B. n. In singular and plural. Extremely small pieces of plastic, manufactured as such (in the form of nurdles or microbeads) or resulting from the disposal and breakdown of plastic products and waste. ΚΠ 1990 S. Afr. Jrnl. Sci. 86 450/2 The mean frequency of micro-plastic particles increased from 491 m^-1 of beach in 1984 to 678 m^-1 in 1989. 1995 Rep. 3rd Internat. Conf. Marine Debris in Marine Accidents & Pollution (Austral. & N.Z. Environment & Conservation Council) Micro-plastics are not always inert, they can transfer toxins, become contaminated by heavy metals and be incorporated..by benthic filter feeders. 2006 Canberra Times (Australia) (Nexis) 21 June 7 As plastic breaks down in the ocean, microscopic but toxic fragments of plastics—known as microplastics—are ingested by whales, birds, seals and other wildlife. 2010 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Aug. 74/1 A handful of sand or cup of seawater from nearly anywhere in the world will probably be peppered with microplastics. 2014 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Sept. 15/1 An untold amount of plastic pollution finds its way into the ocean every year... Much of it most likely erodes into microplastic, tiny flecks smaller than five millimeters in diameter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1955
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