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单词 miscarriage
释义

miscarriagen.

Brit. /(ˌ)mɪsˈkarɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˌmɪsˈkɛrɪdʒ/, /ˈmɪsˌkɛrɪdʒ/ (in sense 4 only as)Brit. /ˈmɪsˌkarɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈmɪsˌkɛrɪdʒ/
Forms: 1500s– miscarriage, 1600s miscariage, 1600s miscarriag, 1600s miscarryage; Scottish pre-1700 miscairadgies (plural), pre-1700 miscareage, pre-1700 miscariadge, pre-1700 miscariage, pre-1700 miscariege, pre-1700 miscarige, pre-1700 miscarrage, pre-1700 miscarrige, pre-1700 misgarriage, pre-1700 1700s– miscarriage, 1800s miscairriage.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mis- prefix1, carriage n.
Etymology: < mis- prefix1 + carriage n.
1.
a. An instance of misconduct or misbehaviour; a lapse of conduct; a misdemeanour or misdeed. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > instance of
misbehaviour1486
misdemeanoura1513
miscarriage1579
misconducts1697
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > misbehaviour > [noun] > instance of
unthrift1303
misbreydec1380
misdemeanoura1513
misordera1538
miscarriage1579
delinquishment1593
delinquency1603
misconducts1697
society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > an evil deed > an evil deed, fault, or offence
sinc825
guilt971
man deedOE
evilOE
misbodea1200
follya1275
unthrift1303
misbreydec1380
offencec1384
crimec1390
forfeit1393
felonya1400
faultc1400
misfeatc1400
feat1481
demerit1485
misdemeanoura1513
facta1533
piaculum1575
miscarriage1579
delinquishment1593
delinquency1603
piacle1644
amissness1648
peccancy1648
1579 W. Allen Let. 12 May in Records Eng. Catholics under Penal Laws (1882) (modernized text) II. 80 Shew your wisdom, charity and zeal in condescending, bearing and supporting their [sc. the students'] youthful miscarriages.
1635 Bp. J. Hall Char. of Man 34 Miscariages of children, mis-casualties, unquietnesse [etc.].
1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (James ii. 7) A sad thing that a Heathen should see such hellish miscarriages among Christs followers.
1649 F. Roberts Clavis Bibliorum (ed. 2) 337 His [sc. Job's]..irreverent miscarriages against God under his afflictions.
1710 J. Norris Treat. Christian Prudence vi. 288 As to the personal Miscarriages of the Minister, our prudent Christian will not for these disesteem his Office.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 248 The Miscarriages of my former Life. View more context for this quotation
1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 111 Many miscarriages and woful defaults are recorded of Saul, as a man; yet, as a king, he was held perfect in the eyes of his people.
1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xxvii [They] conducted themselves with such loyalty..to his Majesty, as might justly wipe off all memory of former miscarriages.
b. Misconduct, misbehaviour. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun]
abominationc1350
misgovernancec1375
misleadinga1387
misusing1395
misbearinga1400
misordinancea1400
misruling?a1425
misgovernail?a1439
misdraughtc1450
misgovernmentc1450
misbehaving1451
misguiding1480
misbehaviour1486
misdemeaning1487
misgoverning1487
misdemeanoura1513
misordera1513
misordering1526
misusage1532
misnurturea1540
misdemean1579
miscarriage1594
misguide1596
demeanour1681
misconduct1717
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > misbehaviour > [noun]
misgovernancec1375
misleadinga1387
misusing1395
misbearinga1400
misordinancea1400
misdraughtc1450
misgovernmentc1450
misbehaving1451
misguiding1480
misbehaviour1486
misdemeaning1487
misgoverning1487
miscraft1496
demerit1509
misuse1509
misdemeanoura1513
misordera1513
misordering1526
misusage1532
misdemean1579
miscarriage1594
misguide1596
delinquency1603
demeanour1681
misconduct1717
1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Fi They haue beene layd vp in slouens presse, and with miscarriage and misgouernment are so fretted and galled [etc.].
1618 Sir H. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 253 I have received..the note that imports the miscarriage of the new Justice of Peace. It was very insolent, if the information be true.
1645 in Essex (Mass.) Antiquarian (1904) VIII. 6 Wife of Mr. Samuel Hall fined for miscarriage in words against the constable of Salsbery.
1682 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 22 The chancellor's letters for regulating the rudeness and miscarriag of the Masters in Convocation.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 505 Experience, slow preceptress, teaching oft The way to glory by miscarriage foul.
2.
a. A failure; a blunder or mistake. Now rare except as in sense 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > failure or going wrong > instance of
miscarriage1590
nonsense1646
slip-up1909
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > unskilful action or working > a bungle
miscarriage1590
bungle1656
bumble1823
boggle1834
muff1867
car wreck1877
mismove1877
miscue1882
muddle1884
bobble1887
mess-up1902
floater1913
bollock1919
fluff1928
balls-up1929
muck-up1930
balls1938
snafu1943
foul-up1944
fuck-up1949
clusterfuck1969
car crash1992
dumpster fire2008
omnishambles2009
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Dd6 She shortly like a pyned ghost became... That when old Glauce saw, for feare least blame Of her miscarriage should in her be fond, She wist not how t'amend.
1643 R. Baillie Satan 3 When a hard piece of worke is put in the hand of an Apprentice for the first assay of his skill, the beholders are justly afraid for a miscarriage in his young and unexperienced hand.
1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 21 The carriages or miscarriages of these affaires.
1668 A. Marvell Let. 15 Feb. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 65 That the diuision of the Fleet was a miscarriage.
1706 S. Garth Dispensary (ed. 6) v. 85 Your Cures..aloud you tell, But wisely your Miscarriages conceal.
1783 S. Johnson Let. 19 Apr. (1994) IV. 124 You know our foreign miscarriages and our intestine discontents.
1824 B. Travers Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 338 I have now adverted to the principal miscarriages of the operation.
1834 T. B. Macaulay William Pitt in Ess. (1850) 300/2 An inquiry into the circumstance which had produced the miscarriage of the preceding year.
1894 Econ. Jrnl. 4 735 The few casual mistakes and miscarriages, such as unpunctuality,..gave the wealthy merchants a pretence for attacking the Government undertaking.
1944 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 49 449/2 The process is slow, develops erratically.., and has many deviations, mistakes, and miscarriages of its own.
1952 J. Cheever Jrnls. (1991) 3 In middle age... I feel that there has been some miscarriage, some wrong turning, but I do not know when it took place.
b. A mishap, a disaster. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck
un-i-limpOE
unlimpc1175
mishap?c1225
unhap?c1225
mishappeningc1230
ames-ace?a1300
misadventure?a1300
ill hailc1300
misauntera1325
untiminga1325
miscasec1325
mischancec1325
misfall1340
misfarea1387
casec1390
infortunea1393
mishapping?a1400
unchancea1400
disadventurea1413
mischieving1432
infortuny?a1439
encumbermentc1440
misfortune1441
evil hail?c1450
malfortunea1470
unhappiness1470
maleurtee?1473
malheur?1473
evil health1477
unfortune1483
wanfortunea1500
disfortune1509
wanhap1513
ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518
mislucka1530
ill luck1548
unfortunacy?c1550
evilfare1556
unluck1556
hard luck1567
bad luck1575
miscasualty1588
disgrace1590
wanchance1599
disventure1612
misaccident1620
miscarriagec1625
hard lines1722
mishanter1754
malefit1755
miscanter1781
hard cheese1854
hard cheddar1893
schlimazel1911
tough luck1912
snake eyes1918
catch-arse1970
c1625 J. Smith Hist. Bermudaes (1882) 155 Some misdoubts ther wer of her [sc. the Garland's] miscarriage, she haueing fallen vpon the Ilands three weekes before and within sight of them, but not seen from the shore.
1653 J. Finch Let. 9 Apr. in Conway Lett. (1992) ii. 78 What ever miscarriage befalls you will certainly be likewise my unhappinesse, for I am but your echo.
1711 Boston Newslett. 8–15 Oct. 2/2 Thursday last was strictly observed here a Day of Fasting and Prayer, for the Miscarriage that attended the Fleet in the Expedition.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 49 If I should meet with any..Miscarriage in the Voyage.
1776 S. Johnson Let. 1 Apr. (1992) II. 315 His Wife died at last, and before she was buried he was seized by a fever, and is now going to the grave... Such miscarriages..fill histories and tragedies.
1883 W. Thomson Leddy May 103 I kent..o'your miscairriage.
c. More fully miscarriage of justice. A failure of a court or judicial system to attain the ends of justice.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > [noun] > failure of
miscarriage1648
1648 Moderate Intelligencer No. 195. 1777 The Law allows both Plaintiffe and Defendant a power to question the jury upon a palpable miscarriage.
1862 R. Williams in Littell's Living Age 6 Dec. 443/2 With no great discourtesy, the miscarriage of justice.
1865 Sat. Rev. 25 Feb. 217/2 Having been jockeyed into a miscarriage of justice.
1875 Act 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77 Order xxxix Unless in the opinion of the Court..some substantial wrong or miscarriage has been..occasioned in the trial of action.
1891 Daily News 5 Feb. 7/1 It was submitted..to their lordships that there had been a miscarriage, and that the order of reference should be revoked.
1904 ‘S. G. Tallentyre’ Life Voltaire II. xl. 234 Each..turned on some miscarriage of civil justice the searchlight of truth.
1941 ‘G. Orwell’ Lion & Unicorn ii. ii. 23 Letters to the papers from eminent Marxist professors, pointing out that this or that is a ‘miscarriage of British justice’.
1987 Bella 14 Dec. 37/4 She..persuaded Justice, an organisation of lawyers who examine miscarriages of justice, to take up the case.
1998 New Yorker 26 Jan. 27/2 This was another example of the miscarriage of this star-chamber process.
d. Failure (in an enterprise, etc.); mismanagement or maladministration (of a business). Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > failure or collapse (of institution, etc.)
fall?1544
miscarriage1652
breakdown1832
collapse1856
burst-up1879
break-away1885
1652 E. Nicholas Let. Feb. in Papers (1886) I. 286 The miscarriage of the business in the Downs was not inferior to any treason that I have heard of.
1670 Baker's Chron. Kings of Eng. (new ed.) 453/2 He excused himself, laying a great part of the miscarriage on the stubbornness of the Earl of Essex.
1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino Pref. p. iv Some People who are too apt to make Misconstruction, watch for my Miscarriage.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 251 He did not wonder at the miscarriage of the late King's counsels.
a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 191 Scarce ane has tried the Shepherd-sang But wi' miscarriage?
1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Chron. 113/2 The sagacious and intrepid commander, to whom success and miscarriage..are now alike indifferent.
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon xvii. 431 The miscarriage of one crop only..would..involve him in ruin.
1880 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 123 Chatto waits..without asking a solitary question about the book, and then pitches into me about the miscarriage.
1948 Philos. Rev. 57 461 That Descartes..failed to reach it [sc. Leibniz' distinction] is one of the chief reasons for the miscarriage of his metaphysics and physics.
1978 R. V. Jones Most Secret War (1979) ii. xxxviii. 441 With the unfortunate miscarriage of two important pathfinding ‘markers’ a substantial proportion of our bombs fell to the south of the establishment itself.
e. An unfortunate lapse. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > [noun] > minor
lapse1526
slip1601
lapsus1668
miscarriage1754
1754 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) III. 76 The chimney-pieces, except one little miscarriage into total Ionic..are all of a good King James the First Gothic.
3.
a. The failure of a letter, etc., to reach its destination; delivery to the wrong recipient. Also: an instance of this. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > correspondence > postal services > [noun] > types of service > failure to convey mail to proper destination
miscarrying1568
miscarriage1606
1606 N. S. H. Wotton Let. 6 Dec. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) (modernized text) I. 372 A letter..written with much freedom..about the miscarriage whereof I am very solicitous.
1642 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (new ed.) 31 It was not a meere chance to discover the..Powder Treason by a miscarriage of the letter.
1650 Ld. Beauchamp in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 179 I have been very unfortunate in the miscarryage of your former addresses.
1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. at Duplicat A second Letter written and sent to the same party and purpose, as a former, for fear of a miscarriage of the first,..is called a Duplicat.
1784 S. Johnson Let. 30 Mar. (1994) IV. 304 In my letter to you of the miscarriage of which I can no[t] account, was inclosed in a letter.
1820 J. Clare Let. 30 Dec. (1985) 127 By this time you have them [sc. New Poems] safe & if not you will know of the miscarriage.
1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 172 The miscarriage of a paper by Mr. Alexander Trippel prevents me from presenting..some further notes.
1910 Mod. Lang. Notes 25 127/2 The failure of Poe's Baltimore grandparents to receive an answer to a letter..(an omission which the writer suggests was probably due to the miscarriage of the letter).
b. Failure to carry or convey properly. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ iv. 195 Public carriers must carry the public safely, or take the consequences; and neither a voluntary, nor an extorted consent, will relieve them from the legal results of mis-carriage.
1867 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 453 In case of miscarriage of goods these subordinates affected to be ignorant of the names of their employers.
4.
a. The spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is viable; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of pregnancy or birth > [noun] > miscarriage
abort?a1425
abortion?1537
aborsement1540
miscarrying1568
abortive1587
abortment1595
miscarriage1615
amblosis1706
efflux1754
abortus1764
mc1956
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια v. 333 A woman shall not bee sayed to abort but from the third moneth to the seauenth, and that before the motion it shall be called an effluxion or miscariage.
1623 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VII. O.T. xix. 424 How much more easie had the want of a sonne beene, than the mis-carriage? Barrennesse than orbation?
?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 266 Those about her did much feare her life, or miscarryage of her being then great w[i]th childe.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 15 Feb. (1948) I. 192 I dined at Sir John Germain's, and found lady Betty but just recovered of a miscarriage.
1754 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery II. v. 67 She had eight children, besides two miscarriages.
1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 176 If the exclusion [of the fœtus] take place within six weeks after conception it is usually called Miscarriage; if between six weeks and six months, Abortion; if during any part of the last three months before the completion of the natural term, Premature Labour.
1865 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 28 271 Partial fecundation, resulting in miscarriage or abortion, may take place to a considerable extent.
1912 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge (rev. ed.) xl. 332 The dangerous illness and miscarriage of Mrs. Farfrae was soon rumoured through the town.
1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out ix. 134 ‘And a miscarriage is so much worse than a confinement,’ Mrs Thornbury murmured.
1967 M. M. Bookmiller et al. Textbk. Obstetr. (ed. 5) xxii. 333/2 Many laymen still associate the word abortion with illegal interference and prefer to call a spontaneous termination of pregnancy a miscarriage.
1988 Mother Apr. 52/2 Doctors freely admit that very little is known about the causes of miscarriage.
2000 Pract. Parenting Apr. 44/1 Infertility is called..‘secondary’ if you've had a child or a miscarriage.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
1688 J. Crowne Darius ii. 19 They who poorly fell, Were Embrio's, and miscarriages of War.
1991 Independent on Sunday 19 May 25/2 We seem to be watching yet another of those gloomy miscarriages from Ulster's womb.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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