Mikadon.

Brit.

/mᵻˈkɑːdəʊ/, U.S.

/məˈkɑdoʊ/

Inflections: Plural Mikadoes, Mikados.

Forms: 1700s–1800s Mikaddo, 1800s Micado, 1800s– Mikado.

Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese mikado.

Etymology: < Japanese mikado, the name of the gate of the Imperial Palace (late 7th cent. with reference to the emperor's residence) and, by association, of the emperor of Japan (10th cent.; 1603 as micado in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam, glossed ‘king’) < mi- honorific prefix + kado gate.The metonymous title mikado was one of a number of such words used to avoid pronouncing the Emperor's name, which was held sacred and not to be used by common subjects; compare:1876 W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire i. xi. 113 It was not proper (until 1872, when the custom was abrogated) for ordinary people to pronounce the name of the living mikado aloud, or to write it in full. The Japanese word is no longer used except as a conscious archaism; the title for the Emperor of Japan in common Japanese use is tennō , lit. ‘heavenly sovereign’ ( < Middle Chinese). The Japanese term was borrowed into most of the major west-European languages: compare French mikado (1803; in 19th cent. also in form mikaddo ), Italian micado (19th cent.), mikado (20th cent.), Spanish mikado (1884), Portuguese micado (1854), Dutch mikado , German Mikado (1777 as Mikaddo in printed version of text translated from manuscript in quots. 1727¹ at sense 1, 1727¹ at sense 1), Swedish mikado (1860), Norwegian mikado . For semantic parallels compare Sublime Porte at Porte n. (compare quot. a1832 at sense 1) and, less closely, Pharaoh n.

1. In Western use: the emperor of Japan. Cf. dairi n., the name more often used before the mid 19th cent. Now historical.From the 12th century until the Meiji Restoration of 1868, temporal power was effectively in the hands of the Shogun, though the Mikado was still acknowledged as the spiritual leader. Cf. shogun n., tycoon n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > Japanese emperor

Mikado1727

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. iii. ii. 211 In Spiritual Affairs, they are under the absolute jurisdiction of the Mikaddo.

1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. iii. ii. 212 The Secular Monarch professes the religion of his forefathers, and pays his respect and duty once a year to the Mikaddo.

a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 476/1 Their Spiritual ruler is the Mikaddo, i.e. Sublime Porte, a term commonly used to express the Daïri himself as well as his Court.

1852 De Bow's Rev. Dec. 556 In every Japanese house is an oratory, in which the natives offer up, morning and evening, prayers to the supreme deity, through the mediation of the mikado, or of inferior spirits called kami, they believing that the supreme deity is too great to be addressed in prayer directly.

1875 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 282 The restoration of the mikado, or true emperor [of Japan] to his ancient and rightful supreme power.

1885 W. S. Gilbert (title) An entirely new and original Japanese opera, in two acts, entitled The Mikado; or, the Town of Titipu... Composed by Arthur Sullivan.

1904 Collier's 7 May 9/1 When we had last seen our hosts, when the Mikado addressed them in their House of Parliament, they were in our evening dress.

1911 B. H. Chamberlain Japanese Poetry 1 A centralised bureaucracy, at whose apex, remote and sacred, a veritable god on earth, stood, or rather sat, the ‘Son of Heaven’, the Mikado, lineally descended from the Great Goddess of the Sun.

1927 Dict. National Biogr. 1912–21 303/1 In 1905..he accompanied Prince Arthur of Connaught on the mission sent to confer the order of the Garter on the Mikado.

1991 R. Bocock Freud & Mod. Society (BNC) 68 The Mikado in Japan could not lose any hair or nails for he was so holy, nor could he move unduly as this would mean there would be a flood, or invasion, or some other calamity in his empire.

2. U.S. A type of steam locomotive with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement, originally built for export to Japan. Frequently attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > specific class of steam locomotive

Mikado1903

Royal Scot1927

Mike1942

Spam can1967

1903 Railroad Gaz. 3 Apr. 242/3 The Baldwin Locomotive Works is building 15 Vauclain compound freight locomotives... The wheel arrangement is the ‘Mikado’ or 2-8-2 type... The Decapods are..heavier than the Mikados.

1925 Devel. of Locomotive (Central Steel Co., U.S.) 50 The first ‘Mikado’ type locomotive..was built..for the Nippon Railway of Japan in 1897... The success of the early Mikados was very marked... The ‘Mikado’ type first saw service in the United States in 1903.

1938 L. M. Beebe High Iron iii. 47 The most important U.S.R.A. designs, for present purposes, fall into four wheel arrangements: the 4-6-2 or Pacific, the 4-8-2 or Mountain, the 2-8-2 or Mikado, and the 2-10-2 or Sante Fe types.

1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang § 774/18 Mike,..a mikado type locomotive.

1992 Mod. Railways Mar. 164 (advt.) You will witness the remnants of steam as Mohawks, Hudsons, Mikados and the humble swithers fight a rearguard action against the all conquering diesel.

3. In full Mikado pheasant [compare Japanese Mikado kiji] . A rare pheasant, Syrmaticus mikado, of the mountains of Taiwan, having black plumage with white markings.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Syrmaticus

Mikado pheasant1922

1906 W. R. Ogilvie-Grant in Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 16 123 Among the Mikado's collection of live animals and birds, at Tokio, there are said to be a pair of Pheasants from Formosa belonging to an undescribed species.]

1922 C. W. Beebe Monogr. Pheasants III. 200 In appearance..the Mikado Pheasant resembles the tragopans and impeyans, being heavy bodied and rather thick-necked.

1922 C. W. Beebe Monogr. Pheasants III. 201 Several healthy hybrids with the Elliot pheasant…strongly resemble the female Mikado.

1965 P. Wayre Wind in Reeds xv. 212 There the Mikado inhabits the bamboo and juniper thickets..above five thousand feet.

1972 Shooting Times & Country Mag. 1 July 19/1 Next on the list for rehabilitation in Formosa (Taiwan to most, these days) is the Mikado pheasant.

1992 Free China Rev. May 64/2 Nine bird species are listed as endangered:..Swinhoe's pheasant, Mikado pheasant, [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mikado
释义	Mikadon. Brit. /mᵻˈkɑːdəʊ/, U.S. /məˈkɑdoʊ/ Inflections: Plural Mikadoes, Mikados. Forms: 1700s–1800s Mikaddo, 1800s Micado, 1800s– Mikado. Origin: A borrowing from Japanese. Etymon: Japanese mikado. Etymology: < Japanese mikado, the name of the gate of the Imperial Palace (late 7th cent. with reference to the emperor's residence) and, by association, of the emperor of Japan (10th cent.; 1603 as micado in Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam, glossed ‘king’) < mi- honorific prefix + kado gate.The metonymous title mikado was one of a number of such words used to avoid pronouncing the Emperor's name, which was held sacred and not to be used by common subjects; compare:1876 W. E. Griffis Mikado's Empire i. xi. 113 It was not proper (until 1872, when the custom was abrogated) for ordinary people to pronounce the name of the living mikado aloud, or to write it in full. The Japanese word is no longer used except as a conscious archaism; the title for the Emperor of Japan in common Japanese use is tennō , lit. ‘heavenly sovereign’ ( < Middle Chinese). The Japanese term was borrowed into most of the major west-European languages: compare French mikado (1803; in 19th cent. also in form mikaddo ), Italian micado (19th cent.), mikado (20th cent.), Spanish mikado (1884), Portuguese micado (1854), Dutch mikado , German Mikado (1777 as Mikaddo in printed version of text translated from manuscript in quots. 1727¹ at sense 1, 1727¹ at sense 1), Swedish mikado (1860), Norwegian mikado . For semantic parallels compare Sublime Porte at Porte n. (compare quot. a1832 at sense 1) and, less closely, Pharaoh n. 1. In Western use: the emperor of Japan. Cf. dairi n., the name more often used before the mid 19th cent. Now historical.From the 12th century until the Meiji Restoration of 1868, temporal power was effectively in the hands of the Shogun, though the Mikado was still acknowledged as the spiritual leader. Cf. shogun n., tycoon n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > sovereign ruler or monarch > emperor > [noun] > Japanese emperor Mikado1727 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. iii. ii. 211 In Spiritual Affairs, they are under the absolute jurisdiction of the Mikaddo. 1727 J. G. Scheuchzer tr. E. Kæmpfer Hist. Japan I. iii. ii. 212 The Secular Monarch professes the religion of his forefathers, and pays his respect and duty once a year to the Mikaddo. a1832 Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 476/1 Their Spiritual ruler is the Mikaddo, i.e. Sublime Porte, a term commonly used to express the Daïri himself as well as his Court. 1852 De Bow's Rev. Dec. 556 In every Japanese house is an oratory, in which the natives offer up, morning and evening, prayers to the supreme deity, through the mediation of the mikado, or of inferior spirits called kami, they believing that the supreme deity is too great to be addressed in prayer directly. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 282 The restoration of the mikado, or true emperor [of Japan] to his ancient and rightful supreme power. 1885 W. S. Gilbert (title) An entirely new and original Japanese opera, in two acts, entitled The Mikado; or, the Town of Titipu... Composed by Arthur Sullivan. 1904 Collier's 7 May 9/1 When we had last seen our hosts, when the Mikado addressed them in their House of Parliament, they were in our evening dress. 1911 B. H. Chamberlain Japanese Poetry 1 A centralised bureaucracy, at whose apex, remote and sacred, a veritable god on earth, stood, or rather sat, the ‘Son of Heaven’, the Mikado, lineally descended from the Great Goddess of the Sun. 1927 Dict. National Biogr. 1912–21 303/1 In 1905..he accompanied Prince Arthur of Connaught on the mission sent to confer the order of the Garter on the Mikado. 1991 R. Bocock Freud & Mod. Society (BNC) 68 The Mikado in Japan could not lose any hair or nails for he was so holy, nor could he move unduly as this would mean there would be a flood, or invasion, or some other calamity in his empire. 2. U.S. A type of steam locomotive with a 2-8-2 wheel arrangement, originally built for export to Japan. Frequently attributive. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > specific class of steam locomotive Mikado1903 Royal Scot1927 Mike1942 Spam can1967 1903 Railroad Gaz. 3 Apr. 242/3 The Baldwin Locomotive Works is building 15 Vauclain compound freight locomotives... The wheel arrangement is the ‘Mikado’ or 2-8-2 type... The Decapods are..heavier than the Mikados. 1925 Devel. of Locomotive (Central Steel Co., U.S.) 50 The first ‘Mikado’ type locomotive..was built..for the Nippon Railway of Japan in 1897... The success of the early Mikados was very marked... The ‘Mikado’ type first saw service in the United States in 1903. 1938 L. M. Beebe High Iron iii. 47 The most important U.S.R.A. designs, for present purposes, fall into four wheel arrangements: the 4-6-2 or Pacific, the 4-8-2 or Mountain, the 2-8-2 or Mikado, and the 2-10-2 or Sante Fe types. 1942 L. V. Berrey & M. Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang § 774/18 Mike,..a mikado type locomotive. 1992 Mod. Railways Mar. 164 (advt.) You will witness the remnants of steam as Mohawks, Hudsons, Mikados and the humble swithers fight a rearguard action against the all conquering diesel. 3. In full Mikado pheasant [compare Japanese Mikado kiji] . A rare pheasant, Syrmaticus mikado, of the mountains of Taiwan, having black plumage with white markings. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Galliformes (fowls) > family Phasianidae (pheasants, etc.) > [noun] > member of genus Syrmaticus Mikado pheasant1922 1906 W. R. Ogilvie-Grant in Bull. Brit. Ornithol. Club 16 123 Among the Mikado's collection of live animals and birds, at Tokio, there are said to be a pair of Pheasants from Formosa belonging to an undescribed species.] 1922 C. W. Beebe Monogr. Pheasants III. 200 In appearance..the Mikado Pheasant resembles the tragopans and impeyans, being heavy bodied and rather thick-necked. 1922 C. W. Beebe Monogr. Pheasants III. 201 Several healthy hybrids with the Elliot pheasant…strongly resemble the female Mikado. 1965 P. Wayre Wind in Reeds xv. 212 There the Mikado inhabits the bamboo and juniper thickets..above five thousand feet. 1972 Shooting Times & Country Mag. 1 July 19/1 Next on the list for rehabilitation in Formosa (Taiwan to most, these days) is the Mikado pheasant. 1992 Free China Rev. May 64/2 Nine bird species are listed as endangered:..Swinhoe's pheasant, Mikado pheasant, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1727
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