请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 migration
释义

migrationn.

Brit. /mʌɪˈɡreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌmaɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n/
Forms: 1500s migracion, 1500s– migration.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French migration; Latin migrātiōn-, migrātiō.
Etymology: < Middle French, French migration (used of people (1495), of the soul (1585), and of animals (1770)) and its etymon classical Latin migrātiōn-, migrātiō change of abode, movement (of people), migration (of the soul) < migrāt- , past participial stem of migrāre migrate v. + -iō -ion suffix1.Some dictionaries have a sense ‘residence in a foreign country; banishment’ which is based on a misprint for extermination (see extermination n. 1) in an edition of Bishop J. Hall's Great Myst. Godliness.
1.
a. The movement of a person or people from one country, locality, place of residence, etc., to settle in another; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > furnishing with inhabitants > migration > [noun]
transmigrationa1382
migrationc1527
emotion1596
demigration1617
commigration1627
c1527 W. More Jrnl. (1914) 265 Item this wyck dan thomas Astley departed to Abburgeyny with a migracion.
1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. v. xxv It is said camillus movit þe Romanis fra migration to veos be mony ressonis.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vi. vi. 302 The first man ranged farre before the Flood, and laid his bones many miles from that place, where its presumed he received them: And this migration was the greater, if..he was cast out of the East-side of Paradise. View more context for this quotation
1720 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad V. xx. Observ. 1563 After the Ionic Migration, which happen'd about 140 Years after the taking of Troy, the Ionians of Asia assembled in the Fields of Priene.
1747 Pennsylvania Gaz. 9 July 2/2 Each particular History begins from the first Notice to be found of the People... All their Migrations and Conquests are related.
1766 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. II. 17 The right of migration, or sending colonies to find out new habitations.
1848 C. H. Smith (title) The natural history of the human species, its typical forms, primaeval distribution, filiations and migrations.
1891 ‘S. C. Scrivener’ Our Fields & Cities 49 The poverty of the majority is the cause of the continual migration to London.
1904 H. James Golden Bowl II. iv. xxx. 104 The date of the migration to Fawns—that of the more or less simultaneous adjournment of the two houses—began to be discussed.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. iv. 58 An Anglo-Frisian (or Ingweonic) dialect area, which must have been fairly extensive before the migration to Britain.
1997 Church Times 27 June 2/1Aliyah’—the Hebrew word for the migration of Jews to Israel.
b. The seasonal movement or temporary removal of a person, people, social group, etc., from one place to another; an instance of this. Also (occasionally): a journey.
ΚΠ
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield I. i. 2 All our adventures were by the fireside, and all our migrations from the blue bed to the brown.
1792 R. Bage Man as he Is IV. cxiii. 205 Sir George had heard indeed, that Miss Colerain designed to pass the winter in Paris, and the summer in England... The spring was early and cold, and the usual season for migration of ladies at a distance.
1817 T. Moore Lalla Rookh 290 A favourite resting place of the Emperors in their annual migrations to Cashmire.
1841 Godey's Lady's Bk. Sept. 121 An excursion upon the banks of the Catawba... What is called the upper country is usually healthy during the whole year, and consequently the habits of migration common to less favoured regions are here unknown.
1858 ‘G. Eliot’ Amos Barton i, in Scenes Clerical Life I. 7 A slate appeared in front of the gallery, advertising..the psalm about to be sung... Then followed the migration of the clerk to the gallery, where..he formed the complement of a choir.
1894 Dict. National Biogr. XXXVII. 111/2 In 1730 and 1731 he was vice-chancellor of the university... Capricious migration from college to college was checked.
1952 E. Wilson Lilly's Story i, in Equations of Love 133 A trunk-room full of the trunks which accompany a large English family in migration.
1987 Christian Aid News Jan. 7 6/4 It's a world of huge migrations of homeless, workless, landless poor who are harried from pillar to post by the more privileged.
c. great migration n. (a) (usually with the) any of the major or significant migratory movements of peoples in ancient or historic times; (b) New Zealand History (also with capital initials), (according to a Maori founding myth, now considered of doubtful historicity) the migration of Polynesian peoples in a fleet of canoes from Hawaiki to New Zealand in the 14th cent.; also called heke.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > furnishing with inhabitants > migration > [noun] > en masse
great migration1838
folk wave1880
Völkerwanderung1934
1838 H. H. Milman in E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. ix. 364 (note) The Sclavonians..in the north of Dacia. During the great migration, these races advanced into Germany as far as the Saal and the Elbe.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. i. 10 In the ninth century, began the last great migration of the northern barbarians.
1874 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 3 290 The Meshkeriaks are now Turks... Their change of language took place, there can be little doubt, at the time of their great migration.
1898 Amer. Hist. Rev. 3 553 The latter work confines itself to the history of the Palatines (so-called) of the great migration..to England in the year 1709.
1904 E. Tregear Maori Race 560 It has proved (in my opinion) conclusively that the Maoris from whom the leading tribes claim descent, those ancestors said to have arrived in the Arawa, Tainui, Aotea, and other canoes of the Great Migration, were certainly not aborigines of New Zealand, even if there were other Maoris or other inhabitants resident on these islands.
1933 J. Juta Look out for Ostriches 97 Her Tribe..is said to be an offshoot of the great migration of the Bantu race.
1949 P. H. Buck Coming of Maori 36 The great migration (heke) from Hawaiki is the most famous event in Maori history, because all the tribes trace their aristocratic lineages back to the chiefs of the voyaging canoes.
1995 Sunday Star-Times (Auckland) 1 Oct. a7 Moriori of the area consider themselves distinct from Maori, though intermarriage has clouded the lines between them. ‘All of our ancestors have been on the land at least 700 years before the great migration came along’.
1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 16 July 56/3 He casts doubt on my account of one key episode of Serbian history, the so-called ‘Great Migration’ of the Serbs from Kosovo in 1690.
2. Chiefly with reference to material or immaterial objects, ideas, etc.: the action of passing (or occasionally being passed) from one place to another; an instance of this. Also (occasionally): the means by which such movement is effected.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > [noun] > change of place of a thing
emotion1596
migration1611
translocation1617
transmigration1632
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Migration, a migration, a remouing, or shifting of places.
1650 T. Hobbes De Corpore Politico 133 The Tenets of Aristotle..concerning Substance and Accidents, Species, Hypostasis, and the Subsistence and Migration of Accidents from place to place.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 45 Although such Alterations,..Transitions, and Migrations of the Centre of Gravity:..had actually happened, yet [etc.].
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The Migration of the Souls of Men into other Animals after Death.
1759 S. Johnson Rasselas vi I have long been of the opinion, that, instead of the tardy conveyance of ships and chariots, man might use the swifter migration of wings.
a1787 S. Jenyns Wks. (1790) 32 On Fancy's wings I fly from shore to shore.., Observe the quick migrations Learning makes, How harrass'd nations trembling she forsakes, And hastes away to build her downy nest In happier climes, with peace and plenty blest.
1846 Godey's Lady's Bk. Oct. 172 A blunder was committed by the negligent post-master, who put it [sc. a letter] into a way of going north when it should have gone south; and after many migrations, it fell into a dead-letter office.
1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals i. 154 To pray to the gods, that our migration hence may take place with good omens.
1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 373 There is a change and migration of the soul from this world to another.
1894 G. Birdwood tr. E. Goblet d'Alviella Migration of Symbols 82 Is it not the Winged Circle, whose migrations I trace in another chapter?
1929 Times 13 Nov. 11/1 A serious obstacle to the work of archæologists, historians and others..is the migration of manuscripts.
1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 Nov. 680/1 The iconography of the watermark is a new aspect of the study of the migration of symbols at present so popular among art historians.
1995 K. Brathwaite Black & Blues (rev. ed.) 88 Life slipping off flesh like migrations of sand Ticking softly off tumorous dunes.
3. Biology.
a. The movement of an animal from one region, location, or habitat to another in order to breed, grow, or find food; an instance of this; esp. (of a bird, mammal, or fish) the periodic travel to and from a region at a particular season and along a well-established route.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > by habits or actions > habits and actions > [noun] > migration
migrationa1633
visitation1774
migrating1815
flight1823
the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [noun] > migration
migrationa1633
passage1747
migrating1815
bird migration1908
abmigration1923
the world > animals > fish > [noun] > migratory fish > migration
migration1701
migrating1815
eel-fare1836
a1633 F. Godwin Man in Moone (1638) 112 My Birds began to droope, for want of their wonted migration.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. xiii. 223 By this way Aristotle through all his bookes of Animals, distinguisheth their times of generation, Latitancy, migration, sanity and venation. View more context for this quotation
1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) i. 143 The migration of Birds..according to the Seasons.
1701 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 3) i. 144 The migration of divers sorts of Fishes. As for example; The Salmon.
1771 G. White Let. 12 Feb. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 139 These vast migrations consist not only of hirundines but of bee-birds.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus i. i. 1/1 Why mention our disquisitions on the Social Contract, on the Standard of Taste, on the Migrations of the Herring?
1845 Godey's Lady's Bk. July 22 If an untimely frost occur, and the wind be keen and biting, you will observe flocks returning southward, not so large and orderly as when in the natural tide of migration, but straggling and slow, evidently feeling pinched and uncomfortable.
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 648 Comparatively few are subject to periodical migrations to the sea, like Salmo.
1904 J. London Sea-wolf xvii. 155 We..picked up with the great seal herd... It was travelling north on its annual migration to the rookeries of Bering Sea.
1947 Commerc. Salmon-fisheries Brit. Columbia (Dept. Fisheries, Brit. Columbia) (rev. ed.) 12 Those familiar with the Pacific salmon have no difficulty in distinguishing the five species..in the lower reaches of the rivers, which they enter on their spawning migration.
1999 New Scientist 27 Mar. 50/2 The migration of Alaskan bar-tailed godwits..requires an astonishing flight of almost 7000 miles.
b. A flock, herd, shoal, etc., of migrating animals. rare.
ΚΠ
1828 W. Sotheby Italy & Other Poems 286 Where the vast migration heaves, Wing'd flights o'erhang their banquet, vast of size.
1972 G. M. Brown Greenvoe (1976) ii. 31 Their shining hooves beat over the Orkneys and on out into the North Sea. Sometimes it takes days for that migration to pass.
1984 T. Horton Bay Country (1987) 51 A handful of the bay's commercial watermen harvest the ocean-bound hordes of eel, chasing them down the bay until..the migration drops over the lip of the continental shelf.
c. Change in or extension of the distribution of a plant or animal; an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [noun] > change of distribution
migration1832
1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. II. vi. 88 The migration of quadrupeds from one part of the globe to the other..is prevented by the uncongenial climates and the branches of the ocean which intersect continents.
1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. vii. 152 The great table-land presents an obstacle to the migration of species.
1876 A. Blytt Ess. on Immigration Norwegian Flora 29 If we attempt to explain these leaps, we come to the question of the migration of plants.
1927 Jrnl. Ecol. 15 303 A considerable amount of either migration or evolution will be necessary to produce any important or fundamental change in the vegetation.
1973 O. Polunin & B. E. Smythies Flowers of S.W. Europe ii. 86 The sierra..has acted as a refuge for a number of montane species, which had in all probability previously undergone migrations and recessions culminating in the last ice age.
1992 New Scientist 12 Sept. (Inside Sci. section) 2/1 Species migration occurs when a species shifts its range over many years, as the collared dove..did when it spread from Turkey to Britain between 1920 and 1952.
4. Embryology and Medicine. Movement, esp. of a cell or organ, from one position in the body to another, esp. during embryological development; (also) diapedesis of leucocytes.
ΚΠ
1871 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. ix. 95 Migration or transmission of elements from some primary growth, which..constitute the centres of secondary formations.
1886 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 131 341 A differentiated colony, like the amphiblastula, with the cells at one end becoming better fitted to take in food, could be transformed into a parenchymula by the migration of differentiated feeding cells into the interior.
1890 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Migration, the displacement of any organ, whether normal or pathological, as, for example, the descent of the testicle and the dislocation of the kidney, spleen, or ovary.
1941 I. N. Kugelmass Blood Disorders in Children xiii. 498 Accumulation of plasmacytes is probably due to migration from the blood stream and subsequent multiplication by fission.
1953 Science 5 June 640/1 In biology the term melanoblast refers to an immature pigment cell during its migration from the neural crest.
1976 Brain 99 834 Neuronal migration begins from the primitive matrix layer during the second month of gestation.
1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) xi. 347/2 There is a constant migration upward of cells from crypt bases to villi.
1993 Developmental Biol. 159 338 In most amphibians the pronephric duct is formed by active migration of the pronephric duct rudiment (PDR) cells along a predetermined pathway.
5. Chemistry. (An instance of) movement of an atom or molecule from one region or position to another or in a particular direction; spec. (a) that of an ion, molecule, etc., towards an electrode during electrolysis or electrophoresis; (b) that of an atom or group within a molecule, as part of a rearrangement of its structure.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > ions, ionization, or electrolysis > [noun] > electrolysis > migration
migration1879
1879 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 108/2 For fused electrolytes a W-shaped tube..is sufficient; with solutions..the separation is more difficult, owing to the ‘migration of the ions’ and other causes.
1898 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 73 i. 456 One of the following initial changes may occur. (1) Migration of the OH group. (2) Migration of the O·SO3H group as a whole. (3) Migration of a hydrogen atom of the ring, in the meta-position with regard to the side group.
1938 Nature 4 June 1000/2 The study of molecular migrations in the electric field has been facilitated by the development of an improved electrophoresis apparatus by Tiselius.
1950 A. K. Wells in F. H. Hatch et al. Petrol. Igneous Rocks (ed. 10) 5 The modern tendency to explain many petrogenetic problems in terms of emanations, ionic migration and ‘granitization’.
1955 B. C. L. Kemp Elem. Org. Chem. (new ed.) xx. 281 The intramolecular rearrangement (migration) which occurs in the case of certain aromatic substances.
1962 D. H. Calam in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 439 Although the differences in migration of a group of mono-amino, mono-carboxylic acids..are small, they are well separated by chromatography.
1992 Analyt. Chem. 64 196/2 The small amount of salt added to the buffer did not have a significant effect on DNA migration under continuous-field electrophoresis.
6. Computing. The process of changing from the use of one platform, environment, IT system, etc., to another, esp. in such a way as to avoid interruptions in service.Earliest in migration path n. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1980 Proc. 21st IEEE Computer Soc. Internat. Conf. 224/1 These new parts..are all designed so that there is a migration path from the current processor to new ones in the future.
1989 Byte Aug. 196/3 These modifications in System 7.0 will further the migration of Mac software to a 32-bit environment.
1995 Data Communic. Internat. 21 Mar. 73/3 Although most wireless middleware products now use proprietary APIs, a migration to industry-standard APIs is almost certain.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
a.
migration velocity n.
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 237/2 The migration velocity of an ion with charge E and the frictional constant P should be represented by the formula [etc.].
1966 Population Index 32 83/2 Some characteristics of the megalopolitan development in Japan: migration velocity analysis.
1995 Jrnl. Ecol. 83 383/1 The migration velocity of individual dunes.
b.
migration-route n.
ΚΠ
1878 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 7 130 The scene..was fully 600 miles distant at its nearest point from Mr. Markham's imaginary migration route.
1893 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. II 561 Every species on Migration goes its own way, and what is called a Migration-route is only the coincidence of the way taken by more or fewer of them.
1988 E. Wood et al. Sea Life Brit. & Ireland 29 A number of whales..have migration routes that pass to the west of Britain and Ireland.
C2.
Migration Age n. Ancient History and Medieval History a period of history in which large movements of population took place, esp. the time of the major Germanic migrations, c200–600.
ΚΠ
1929 J. Young tr. G. Schütte Our Forefathers I. 44 There was..no direct meeting-place between Northmen and Germans before the Migration Age.
1962 H. R. Loyn Anglo-Saxon Eng. ii. 81 Of the art of ship-building little is known of this pre-Viking Age, but enough to recognize that technical advance on the Nydam ship of the Migration Age was steady and consistent.
1970 P. G. Foote & D. M. Wilson Viking Achievement 3 Some of the Nordic provinces had sent out tribes in the Migration Age to join the more southerly Germanic peoples as they cut their way through the old domains of the Roman Empire.
migration myth n. a myth in which the earliest history of a people and its arrival in its place of residence is described.
ΚΠ
1917 Man 17 190 It begins with a variant of the familiar Pueblo Indian emergence and migration myth.
1930 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 60 377 The hero in the migration myth..goes alone to win the land for his people from the Great Skeleton.
1990 Notes & Queries Dec. 452/2 It is not clear that the migration-myth as such inspired the Anglo-Saxon missions.
migration path n. a path followed in migration; (Computing) the route followed in changing from the use of one platform or system to the use of a different one.
ΚΠ
1948 Amer. Econ. Rev. 38 154 At one extreme are charts which involve an all-out attempt to remove dynamic influences... At the other extreme stands the ‘migration-path’ break-even chart which is developed from annual data that cover a long period of years.
1952 Ecology 33 85/2 It is possible that the same migration path may have been followed westward by the true prairie species.
1980 [see sense 6].
1990 Pract. Computing Sept. 90/2 Sun claims that SunOS provides ‘a simple migration path’ to release 4, but what that path will actually involve is not yet clear.
1991 A. Milne Fate of Dinosaurs (BNC) 97 Marvin Lockley, of the University of Colorado, says the tracks show dinosaurs following migration paths similar to the great movements of wildebeest across the Serengeti Plain in Africa.
1993 M. J. Pink Explor. & Appraisal Technol. (Shell Selected Papers, Jan.) 4/3 The calculated column heights below the top seal are plotted progressively in different colour shades..to indicate likely hydrocarbon migration paths and accumulations.
Migration Period n. (a) = Migration Age n.; (b) the part of the year during which an animal migrates.
ΚΠ
1867 Michigan Univ. Mag. 2 130 History... In winter, continuation of modern history to the death of Charles V. Review of general history to the end of the migration period.
1907 H. M. Chadwick Orig. Eng. Nation vii. 188 We are not, I think,..justified in regarding the civilisation of the migration period as either rude or primitive.
1930 Ecology 11 571 Nymphs..proceed actively up-stream. The latest date upon which this has been observed is April 23, giving a migration period of about four weeks in this particular creek.
1931 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 61 479 The Polynesian sagas of the Migration Period.
1996 Ecol. Applic. 6 49 Between 100 and 500 individuals were counted on any observation day, and densities were usually highest during the spring and fall migration period.
migration station n. (a) a fixed place for the observation of migrating birds; (b) a place where temporary accommodation for migrants, esp. immigrants, is provided.
ΚΠ
1884 Science 17 Oct. 374/2 Migration-stations now exist in every state and territory of the Union, excepting Delaware and Nevada.
1958 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 27 184 A complete systematic list of the birds recorded from this well-known migration station in the Firth of Forth.
1991 Internat. Jrnl. Refugee Law 3 224 We asked high government officials to allow us to visit the migration station where he would have been taken.
Migration style n. a style of ornament typical of the culture of the Germanic peoples in the Migration Age.
ΚΠ
1936 B. Hougen (title) The migration style of ornament in Norway: catalogue of the exhibition of Norwegian jewellery from the migration period.
1982 Shakespeare Q. 33 364/1 Distinctive features of this Macbeth were..an impressive Migration-style set and carefully integrated costumes.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.c1527
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/9/21 8:28:42