milkweedn.

Brit.

/ˈmɪlkwiːd/, U.S.

/ˈmɪlkˌwid/

Forms: see milk n.¹ and weed n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: milk n.¹, weed n.¹

Etymology: < milk n.¹ + weed n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch melcwiet (Dutch melkwied ), Old Saxon melkwid , both in sense 2.The plants so named (senses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are all characterized by a milky sap.

1. Any of various mostly small-leaved kinds of spurge; esp. sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia, petty spurge, E. peplus, (U.S.) flowering spurge, E. corollata, and (Caribbean) Chamaesyce hirta. Now British, U.S., and Caribbean regional.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Euphorbiaceae (spurges and allies) > [noun] > particular type of spurge

petty spurge1578

milkweed1592

spurge1715

Macaranga1846

1592 Thomas's Dict. (ed. 3) at Lactaria Hearbe tithymale, spurge or milke-weede.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Milk-Weed, and Milk-Wort several sorts of Herbs.

1828 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. I. 181 Euphorbia corollata... Milkweed.

1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. vi. 139 The villages..are surrounded by hedges of euphorbias, milk-weed.

1954 A. A. Forsyth Brit. Poisonous Plants 68 The petty spurge, sometimes known as ‘milk-weed’, has caused illness and losses among horses and cattle in Australia.

1972 C. D. Adams Flowering Plants Jamaica 429 (note) The common name Milkweed is given to all the smaller-leaved herbaceous species of Euphorbia comprising the subgenus Chamaesyce.

1999 Tennessean (Nexis) 18 Mar. 4 Many varieties of euphorbia, also known as milkweed or spurge..are on the market, from a 10-inch or smaller plant to ones 36-40 inches tall.

2. Any of several common species of sowthistle (genus Sonchus). Now British regional and Irish English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Euphorbiaceae (spurges and allies) > [noun]

catapucec1386

Euphorbiaa1398

spurgea1400

tithymala1400

faitour's grassc1440

cat's-grassc1450

nettlewort1523

essell1527

lint-spurge1548

sea wartwort1548

spurge thyme1548

line-spurge1562

myrtle spurge1562

sun spurge1562

wolf's-milk1575

cypress tithymal1578

devil's milk1578

mercury1578

sea-spurge1597

sun tithymal1597

welcome to our house1597

wood-spurge1597

Euphorbium1606

milk-reed1611

milkwort1640

sun-turning spurge1640

spurge-wort1647

caper-bush1673

Portland spurge1715

milkweed1736

Medusa's head1760

little-good1808

welcome-home-husband1828

three-seeded mercury1846

cat's-milk1861

turnsole1863–79

mole-tree1864

snow-on-the-mountain1873

seven sisters1879

caper-plant1882

asthma herb1887

mountain snow1889

crown of thorns1890

olifants melkbos1898

the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > sow thistle

thowthistlea700

sow-thistlea1250

swine thistlea1350

milk thistlec1450

Saint Mary's seeda1500

Sonchus1558

hare's lettuce1597

smooth thistle1633

milkweed1736

tare-thistle1753

cow-thistle1832

puha1843

rauriki1848

1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ Milk weed, Sonchos vel sonchus.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 675 Sonchus..oleraceus... Sowthistle...Milkweed.

1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Milk-Weed, Sonchus oleraceus.

1904 N. L. Colgan Flora County Dublin Suppl. 304 Melsh-weed, Milk-weed, in North Dublin all three species of Sow-thistle, S[onchus] oleraceus, S. asper, and S. arvensis, are spoken of by one or other of these names.

1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 392 Sow Thistle... Milkweed, Som[erset].

3. U.S. Any of various wild lettuces (genus Lactuca).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > wild lettuce

wriðela1325

wild lettuce1382

green endive1548

horse-thistle1597

milkweed1785

1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 475 Lactuca,..Wild Lettuce. Milkweed.

1895 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 28. 27 Milkweed, wild lettuce. Lactuca scariola.

1943 W. C. L. Muenscher Weeds 506 Lactuca pulchella, Milkweed.

4. In full marsh milkweed. (a) British milk parsley, Peucedanum palustre (now rare); (b) U.S. joe-pye weed, Eupatorium purpureum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > hog's fennel and allies

swine's fennel?a1425

swine's finkle?a1450

hog's fennel1525

dog fennel1526

harstrang1562

mountain parsley1578

sow-fennel1578

sulphurwort1578

much good1597

rock parsley1597

milky parsley1640

brimstone-wort1678

marsh milkweed1787

milk parsley1787

sea sulphur-wort1807

sea sulphur-weed1850

sulphur-weed1850

sea hog's-fennel1855

1787 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. 280 Selinum. Milkweed.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 293 Selinum sylvestre... Marsh Milkweed. Wild Parsley.

1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 86/1 Milk-parsley, or Milk-weed, Peucedanum palustre.

1892 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 5 98 Eupatorium purpureum..marsh milkweed.

1940 W. N. Clute Amer. Plant Names (ed. 3) 82 E[upatorium] purpureum, Joe-Pye-weed..marsh-milkweed.

1971 A. Krochmal Guide Medicinal Plants Appalachia 120 Eupatorium purpureum..Marsh milkweed.

a. An American plant of the genus Asclepias (family Asclepiadaceae), the members of which have copious milky sap and seeds plumed with long silky hairs (also called silkweed); esp. A. syriaca of North America and A. curassavica of tropical America. Also: any of several other plants of this family. Frequently with distinguishing word.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Asclepiadaceae (milk-weed and allies) > [noun]

swallowwort1548

Asclepias1578

silken cicely1597

silkweed1784

tame-poison1785

milkweed1814

green milkweed1829

Hoodia1830

asclepiad1859

poke milkweed1890

1814 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis 62 Asclepias Syriaca, Common Silk weed or Milk weed,..is used as a substitute for feathers, fur, cotton, &c.

1829 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. App. 275 Asclepias..syriaca, (common milkweed).

1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 365 Asclepiadaceæ. (Milkweed Fam.)

1869 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. 299/2 While Fancy's Cushin'..Makes the hard bench ez soft ez milkweed-down.

1923 W. Cather Lost Lady 17 The silvery milkweed was just coming on.

1941 E. C. Jaeger Desert Wild Flowers 185 Purple Climbing Milkweed. Funastrum heterophyllum..Rambling Milkweed. Funastrum hirtellum.

1957 L. Eiseley Immense Journey 69 There passed before my eyes the million airy troopers of the milkweed pod.

1993 M. J. Plotkin Tales Shaman's Apprentice ii. 48 He explained that butterflies tend to specialize in a particular group of plants—monarch butterfly caterpillars live mostly on milkweeds, for example.

b. Chiefly U.S. regional. Either of two American plants of the genus Apocynum (family Apocyanaceae), dogbane, A. androsaemifolium, and Indian hemp, A. cannabinum (related to the milkweeds of the family Asclepiadaceae: cf. sense 5a).

ΚΠ

1828 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. I. 49 Apocynum androsemifolium... Milk-weed, Bitter-root, Honey-bloom, [etc.].

1854 J. King Amer. Eclectic Dispensatory 226 Apocynum androsaemifolium... This plant, likewise called Dogsbane, Milk-weed, etc., is found in nearly all parts of the United States.

1971 A. Krochmal Guide Medicinal Plants Appalachia 52 Apocynum cannabinum..Milkweed.

6. In full milkweed butterfly. The monarch, Danaus plexippus.So called because the larvae feed on milkweeds (usually Asclepias, sometimes Apocynum).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Nymphalidae > subfamily Danainae > danais plexippus (monarch)

milkweed butterfly1880

monarch1889

1880 E. Burgess in Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10 In the milkweed butterfly the colon is somewhat pyriform in the female.

1889 Insect Life 1 221 The following is a brief account of a migratory movement of enormous numbers of the common so-called Milk-weed Butterfly.

1906 R. South Butterflies Brit. Isles 107 The actual number of specimens of the Milkweed, or, as it is sometimes called, Monarch butterfly, seen or caught in England..does not much exceed thirty.

1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xiv. 316 We have four families of butterflies in North America: Papilionidae..Pieridae..Nymphalidae (the fritillaries, the cresent spots, the anglewings, the sovereigns, the emperors, the meadow browns or satyrs, the milkweeds, and others); Lycænidae.

1972 Country Life 6 Apr. 846/1 The milkweed or monarch butterfly is a denizen of North America.

1992 Trop. Lepidoptera 3 64 The new findings have major evolutionary and taxonomic implications for the milkweed butterflies.

Compounds

In the names of insects that feed on poisonous North American milkweeds, and possess bright warning coloration.

milkweed beetle n. any of several red and black North American longhorn beetles of the genus Tetraopes (family Cerambycidae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Phytophaga or Chrysomeloidea > family Cerambycidae > miscellaneous others

sawyer1789

wood-beetle1795

tickler1841

milkweed beetle1842

pine-borer1862

harlequin beetle1865

hickory girdler1869

1842 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects New Eng. 455/2 Milk-weed beetle.

1954 D. J. Borror & D. M. DeLong Introd. Study Insects xxii. 398 T. tetraophthalmus Forster is a common species feeding on milkweed, and is often called the red milkweed beetle.

1985 Sci. Amer. July 96C/1 The chief insect occupants of the milkweed for the rest of the summer are monarch larvae, aphids in intermittent infestations, milkweed beetles (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) and milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus).

milkweed bug n. either of two red and black North American bugs of the family Lygaeidae, Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmi.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > family Lygaeidae > member of

lygaeid1893

milkweed bug1905

1905 V. L. Kellogg Amer. Insects x. 211 The milkweed-bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, about ⅔ inch long, orange above with most of head and prothorax except the margins black, and a broad black band across the middle of the fore wings and large black blotch on their tips, is a common showy bug on various species of milkweed.

1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. xii. 125 In the Small Milkweed Bug, L. kalmi, the black on the pronotum is separated from the black on the front of the wings.

1985 Sci. Amer. July 90/1 Later in the summer milkweed bugs attack the seeds.

milkweed butterfly n. see sense 6.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	milkweed
释义	milkweedn. Brit. /ˈmɪlkwiːd/, U.S. /ˈmɪlkˌwid/ Forms: see milk n.¹ and weed n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: milk n.¹, weed n.¹ Etymology: < milk n.¹ + weed n.¹ Compare Middle Dutch melcwiet (Dutch melkwied ), Old Saxon melkwid , both in sense 2.The plants so named (senses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are all characterized by a milky sap. 1. Any of various mostly small-leaved kinds of spurge; esp. sun spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia, petty spurge, E. peplus, (U.S.) flowering spurge, E. corollata, and (Caribbean) Chamaesyce hirta. Now British, U.S., and Caribbean regional. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Euphorbiaceae (spurges and allies) > [noun] > particular type of spurge petty spurge1578 milkweed1592 spurge1715 Macaranga1846 1592 Thomas's Dict. (ed. 3) at Lactaria Hearbe tithymale, spurge or milke-weede. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Milk-Weed, and Milk-Wort several sorts of Herbs. 1828 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. I. 181 Euphorbia corollata... Milkweed. 1878 H. M. Stanley Through Dark Continent I. vi. 139 The villages..are surrounded by hedges of euphorbias, milk-weed. 1954 A. A. Forsyth Brit. Poisonous Plants 68 The petty spurge, sometimes known as ‘milk-weed’, has caused illness and losses among horses and cattle in Australia. 1972 C. D. Adams Flowering Plants Jamaica 429 (note) The common name Milkweed is given to all the smaller-leaved herbaceous species of Euphorbia comprising the subgenus Chamaesyce. 1999 Tennessean (Nexis) 18 Mar. 4 Many varieties of euphorbia, also known as milkweed or spurge..are on the market, from a 10-inch or smaller plant to ones 36-40 inches tall. 2. Any of several common species of sowthistle (genus Sonchus). Now British regional and Irish English. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Euphorbiaceae (spurges and allies) > [noun] catapucec1386 Euphorbiaa1398 spurgea1400 tithymala1400 faitour's grassc1440 cat's-grassc1450 nettlewort1523 essell1527 lint-spurge1548 sea wartwort1548 spurge thyme1548 line-spurge1562 myrtle spurge1562 sun spurge1562 wolf's-milk1575 cypress tithymal1578 devil's milk1578 mercury1578 sea-spurge1597 sun tithymal1597 welcome to our house1597 wood-spurge1597 Euphorbium1606 milk-reed1611 milkwort1640 sun-turning spurge1640 spurge-wort1647 caper-bush1673 Portland spurge1715 milkweed1736 Medusa's head1760 little-good1808 welcome-home-husband1828 three-seeded mercury1846 cat's-milk1861 turnsole1863–79 mole-tree1864 snow-on-the-mountain1873 seven sisters1879 caper-plant1882 asthma herb1887 mountain snow1889 crown of thorns1890 olifants melkbos1898 the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > weed > [noun] > sow thistle thowthistlea700 sow-thistlea1250 swine thistlea1350 milk thistlec1450 Saint Mary's seeda1500 Sonchus1558 hare's lettuce1597 smooth thistle1633 milkweed1736 tare-thistle1753 cow-thistle1832 puha1843 rauriki1848 1736 R. Ainsworth Thes. Linguæ Latinæ Milk weed, Sonchos vel sonchus. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 675 Sonchus..oleraceus... Sowthistle...Milkweed. 1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Milk-Weed, Sonchus oleraceus. 1904 N. L. Colgan Flora County Dublin Suppl. 304 Melsh-weed, Milk-weed, in North Dublin all three species of Sow-thistle, S[onchus] oleraceus, S. asper, and S. arvensis, are spoken of by one or other of these names. 1955 G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 392 Sow Thistle... Milkweed, Som[erset]. 3. U.S. Any of various wild lettuces (genus Lactuca). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > wild lettuce wriðela1325 wild lettuce1382 green endive1548 horse-thistle1597 milkweed1785 1785 M. Cutler in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1 475 Lactuca,..Wild Lettuce. Milkweed. 1895 Farmers' Bull. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 28. 27 Milkweed, wild lettuce. Lactuca scariola. 1943 W. C. L. Muenscher Weeds 506 Lactuca pulchella, Milkweed. 4. In full marsh milkweed. (a) British milk parsley, Peucedanum palustre (now rare); (b) U.S. joe-pye weed, Eupatorium purpureum. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Umbelliferae (umbellifers) > [noun] > hog's fennel and allies swine's fennel?a1425 swine's finkle?a1450 hog's fennel1525 dog fennel1526 harstrang1562 mountain parsley1578 sow-fennel1578 sulphurwort1578 much good1597 rock parsley1597 milky parsley1640 brimstone-wort1678 marsh milkweed1787 milk parsley1787 sea sulphur-wort1807 sea sulphur-weed1850 sulphur-weed1850 sea hog's-fennel1855 1787 W. Withering Bot. Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 2) I. 280 Selinum. Milkweed. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 293 Selinum sylvestre... Marsh Milkweed. Wild Parsley. 1884 W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 86/1 Milk-parsley, or Milk-weed, Peucedanum palustre. 1892 Jrnl. Amer. Folk-lore 5 98 Eupatorium purpureum..marsh milkweed. 1940 W. N. Clute Amer. Plant Names (ed. 3) 82 E[upatorium] purpureum, Joe-Pye-weed..marsh-milkweed. 1971 A. Krochmal Guide Medicinal Plants Appalachia 120 Eupatorium purpureum..Marsh milkweed. 5. a. An American plant of the genus Asclepias (family Asclepiadaceae), the members of which have copious milky sap and seeds plumed with long silky hairs (also called silkweed); esp. A. syriaca of North America and A. curassavica of tropical America. Also: any of several other plants of this family. Frequently with distinguishing word. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Asclepiadaceae (milk-weed and allies) > [noun] swallowwort1548 Asclepias1578 silken cicely1597 silkweed1784 tame-poison1785 milkweed1814 green milkweed1829 Hoodia1830 asclepiad1859 poke milkweed1890 1814 J. Bigelow Florula Bostoniensis 62 Asclepias Syriaca, Common Silk weed or Milk weed,..is used as a substitute for feathers, fur, cotton, &c. 1829 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. App. 275 Asclepias..syriaca, (common milkweed). 1848 A. Gray Man. Bot. Northern U.S. 365 Asclepiadaceæ. (Milkweed Fam.) 1869 J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. 299/2 While Fancy's Cushin'..Makes the hard bench ez soft ez milkweed-down. 1923 W. Cather Lost Lady 17 The silvery milkweed was just coming on. 1941 E. C. Jaeger Desert Wild Flowers 185 Purple Climbing Milkweed. Funastrum heterophyllum..Rambling Milkweed. Funastrum hirtellum. 1957 L. Eiseley Immense Journey 69 There passed before my eyes the million airy troopers of the milkweed pod. 1993 M. J. Plotkin Tales Shaman's Apprentice ii. 48 He explained that butterflies tend to specialize in a particular group of plants—monarch butterfly caterpillars live mostly on milkweeds, for example. b. Chiefly U.S. regional. Either of two American plants of the genus Apocynum (family Apocyanaceae), dogbane, A. androsaemifolium, and Indian hemp, A. cannabinum (related to the milkweeds of the family Asclepiadaceae: cf. sense 5a). ΚΠ 1828 C. S. Rafinesque Med. Flora U.S. I. 49 Apocynum androsemifolium... Milk-weed, Bitter-root, Honey-bloom, [etc.]. 1854 J. King Amer. Eclectic Dispensatory 226 Apocynum androsaemifolium... This plant, likewise called Dogsbane, Milk-weed, etc., is found in nearly all parts of the United States. 1971 A. Krochmal Guide Medicinal Plants Appalachia 52 Apocynum cannabinum..Milkweed. 6. In full milkweed butterfly. The monarch, Danaus plexippus.So called because the larvae feed on milkweeds (usually Asclepias, sometimes Apocynum). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Rhopalocera (butterflies) > [noun] > family Nymphalidae > subfamily Danainae > danais plexippus (monarch) milkweed butterfly1880 monarch1889 1880 E. Burgess in Anniv. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 10 In the milkweed butterfly the colon is somewhat pyriform in the female. 1889 Insect Life 1 221 The following is a brief account of a migratory movement of enormous numbers of the common so-called Milk-weed Butterfly. 1906 R. South Butterflies Brit. Isles 107 The actual number of specimens of the Milkweed, or, as it is sometimes called, Monarch butterfly, seen or caught in England..does not much exceed thirty. 1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xiv. 316 We have four families of butterflies in North America: Papilionidae..Pieridae..Nymphalidae (the fritillaries, the cresent spots, the anglewings, the sovereigns, the emperors, the meadow browns or satyrs, the milkweeds, and others); Lycænidae. 1972 Country Life 6 Apr. 846/1 The milkweed or monarch butterfly is a denizen of North America. 1992 Trop. Lepidoptera 3 64 The new findings have major evolutionary and taxonomic implications for the milkweed butterflies. Compounds In the names of insects that feed on poisonous North American milkweeds, and possess bright warning coloration. milkweed beetle n. any of several red and black North American longhorn beetles of the genus Tetraopes (family Cerambycidae). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Phytophaga or Chrysomeloidea > family Cerambycidae > miscellaneous others sawyer1789 wood-beetle1795 tickler1841 milkweed beetle1842 pine-borer1862 harlequin beetle1865 hickory girdler1869 1842 T. W. Harris Treat. Insects New Eng. 455/2 Milk-weed beetle. 1954 D. J. Borror & D. M. DeLong Introd. Study Insects xxii. 398 T. tetraophthalmus Forster is a common species feeding on milkweed, and is often called the red milkweed beetle. 1985 Sci. Amer. July 96C/1 The chief insect occupants of the milkweed for the rest of the summer are monarch larvae, aphids in intermittent infestations, milkweed beetles (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus) and milkweed bugs (Oncopeltus fasciatus). milkweed bug n. either of two red and black North American bugs of the family Lygaeidae, Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmi. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Heteroptera > family Lygaeidae > member of lygaeid1893 milkweed bug1905 1905 V. L. Kellogg Amer. Insects x. 211 The milkweed-bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus, about ⅔ inch long, orange above with most of head and prothorax except the margins black, and a broad black band across the middle of the fore wings and large black blotch on their tips, is a common showy bug on various species of milkweed. 1972 L. A. Swan & C. S. Papp Common Insects N. Amer. xii. 125 In the Small Milkweed Bug, L. kalmi, the black on the pronotum is separated from the black on the front of the wings. 1985 Sci. Amer. July 90/1 Later in the summer milkweed bugs attack the seeds. milkweed butterfly n. see sense 6. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1592
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