metisn.adj.

Brit.

/meɪˈtiː/,

/meɪˈtiːs/,

/ˈmeɪtiː/, U.S.

/meɪˈti/,

/meɪˈtis/, Canadian English

/ˈmeiˌtiː/,

/meiˈtiː/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, (occasionally) metises.

Forms: 1800s metiss, 1800s– metis, 1800s– métis, 1900s– mètis.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French métis.

Etymology: < French métis person of mixed white and American Indian origin (1740), use as noun of métis , adjective (1690 in this sense; in Old French, Middle French as mestis in senses ‘hybrid’, ‘of mixed blood, baseborn’ (13th cent.)) < post-classical Latin misticius (see mestizo n.). Compare also French metice (adjective and noun) (person) of mixed white and American Indian origin (1616) < Spanish mestizo (see mestizo n.). Compare metif n.

Chiefly North American.

A. n.

1. A person of mixed descent.

a. Canadian. Usually with capital initial. A person having mixed white (esp. French Canadian or Scottish) and native Canadian parentage; a member of a group consisting of these people and their descendants. Cf. bois brûlé n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person white and Amerindian

mestizo1598

topass1680

half-breed1760

Paulist1772

bois brûlé1805

mameluco1809

metis1816

Paulista1817

mestino1842

ladino1877

redbone1890

mestizaje1943

cholo1959

1816 C. Robertson in Publ. Hudson's Bay Rec. Soc. (1939) 2 248 Your European Servants and Metiss are in many places deserting over to the North West Company.

1845 Let. 7 Aug. in P. J. de Smet Oregon Missions (1847) v. 102 My companions were the good Brother McGil, and two metis or mongrels.

1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 491/2 Of the latter [sc. people of mixed American Indian descent] one half are of English-speaking parentage..the remainder are known as Metis or Bois-brûlés.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 531/1 Then Manitoba was principally inhabited by English and French half-breeds (or Metis).

1966 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 29 July 6/3 A settlement of about 1500 Cree Indians and 300 Metis.

1975 Time 3 Feb. 8/3 The oppression and mistreatment of the Indians and Métis..never become anything more than a rhetorical device.

1982 H. Rosenthal My Mad World of Opera xvii. 162 An historical piece that told of..the Metis, a race that originated from the union of a French-Canadian man and an Indian woman.

2001 Windspeaker 1 Apr. 10 The decision in their case is the first time the harvesting rights of Métis have been upheld by Ontario's highest court.

b. In Asia, South America, the United States, etc.: a person of mixed race, esp. of mixed European and indigenous origin; a member of a group of such people.

ΚΠ

1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 158/2 The mixed race [in Mexico] is mostly composed of the descendants of the Europeans and the aboriginal tribes: these are called Metis or Mestizos.

1850 Executive Documents U.S. House of Representatives (31st Congress, 2nd Sess.) No. 1. 93 After a boisterous passage over this lake.., we made the trading post of George Bango, a Metis or cross of the African and Indian.

1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 682 The inhabitants of the Philippine islands are..; 3. Chinese, Chinese metis and Japanese.

1911 J. B. de Lacerda in G. Spiller Papers on Inter-racial Problems (title) The Metis, or Half-Breeds of Brazil.

1916 Man 16 142 The Tungus metises we have divided into three groups.

1972 D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play v. 37 He nodded towards a plump Eurasian... ‘Bonjour, les gars,’ murmured the métis.

1996 Slavic Rev. 55 821 Some family members became ‘métis’ who looked like Iakuts, but could at least speak Russian.

2. In extended use.

a. A hybrid between two breeds of sheep; a cross-breed.Earlier as adjective.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > cross-breed

mule1772

cross-breed1844

half-bred1848

metis1852

mixed breed1864

1852 De Bow's Rev. Oct. 376 Besides the celebrated merino sheep, there are two other less valuable breeds, Churros and Metis.

1876 Rep. Commissioners of U.S. to Internat. Exhib. Vienna, 1873 IV. 37 The cross-breeds, formed by the use of Merino rams in the native flocks.., are among the most profitable sheep of France. They are called metis-Merinoes, or simply metis.

1949 Amer. Speech 24 95 A common term to indicate a crossbreed between Persian lamb and other Asiatic species of lamb is metis, derived from the French for ‘half-breed’.

b. A hybrid between two varieties of grapevine.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > variety or species > [noun] > cross or hybrid

mule1728

bigener1817

graft-hybrid1868

nothomorph1939

polycross1946

metis1974

1974 Sci. Amer. June 115/1 In California the work has taken mainly the direction of producing new métis (crosses within species) by crossing Europe's temperate-climate and Mediterranean vines with a view to obtaining better grapes for the fertile but desertlike Central Valley.

1996 H. W. Paul Sci., Vine, & Wine in Mod. France iii. 83 As the nineteen clearly separated botanical species (true Linnaean species) of vines behaved like métis, hybridizers like Couderc were able to take advantage of this oddity of nature.

B. adj.

1. Of, belonging to, or relating to, or designating a metis or the Metis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [adjective] > person > person white and Amerindian

half-breeda1762

metis1846

ladino1934

Paulistic1941

1846 Let. 18 July in P. J. de Smet Oregon Missions (1847) xix. 229 A change for the better [had] already taken place among the little metis girls confided to their care.

1886 S. F. Harrison Crowded Out! 91 The report of the Métis revolt had spread.

1938 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 10 435 The Métis and Indian risings, though momentarily successful, were promptly suppressed.

1972 Guardian 4 July 16/2 The estimated 15,000 to 50,000 métis children in South Vietnam—children of American soldiers, either half-black or half-white.

1995 Canad. Geographic Mar. 41/1 Métis freemen..could supplement their livelihood with the abundant fishing.., and the settlement's location along a key fur-trading route continued to attract more Métis families in the mid-to late-1800s.

2. Of, derived from, or designating a cross-bred sheep.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [adjective] > that is bred or has died in particular way

traiked1828

metis1848

mestizo1854

half-bred1891

line-bred1891

1848 Commerc. Bull. J. Zuckerbacker & Co. (Odessa) Washed Merino Wool..[Washed] Metis [Wool].

1876 Official Catal. Internat. Exhib. (U.S. Centennial Exhib.) 83/2 Merino metis skin.

1876 Official Catal. Internat. Exhib. (U.S. Centennial Exhib.) 126/2 Washed wool, Metis and Tzigai breed.

1898 Polit. Sci. Q. 13 277 The law of 1890 thus describes them [sc. clothing wools]: Class one, that is to say, Merino, Mestiza, Metz or Metis wools, [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	metis
释义	metisn.adj. Brit. /meɪˈtiː/, /meɪˈtiːs/, /ˈmeɪtiː/, U.S. /meɪˈti/, /meɪˈtis/, Canadian English /ˈmeiˌtiː/, /meiˈtiː/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, (occasionally) metises. Forms: 1800s metiss, 1800s– metis, 1800s– métis, 1900s– mètis. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French métis. Etymology: < French métis person of mixed white and American Indian origin (1740), use as noun of métis , adjective (1690 in this sense; in Old French, Middle French as mestis in senses ‘hybrid’, ‘of mixed blood, baseborn’ (13th cent.)) < post-classical Latin misticius (see mestizo n.). Compare also French metice (adjective and noun) (person) of mixed white and American Indian origin (1616) < Spanish mestizo (see mestizo n.). Compare metif n. Chiefly North American. A. n. 1. A person of mixed descent. a. Canadian. Usually with capital initial. A person having mixed white (esp. French Canadian or Scottish) and native Canadian parentage; a member of a group consisting of these people and their descendants. Cf. bois brûlé n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [noun] > person white and Amerindian mestizo1598 topass1680 half-breed1760 Paulist1772 bois brûlé1805 mameluco1809 metis1816 Paulista1817 mestino1842 ladino1877 redbone1890 mestizaje1943 cholo1959 1816 C. Robertson in Publ. Hudson's Bay Rec. Soc. (1939) 2 248 Your European Servants and Metiss are in many places deserting over to the North West Company. 1845 Let. 7 Aug. in P. J. de Smet Oregon Missions (1847) v. 102 My companions were the good Brother McGil, and two metis or mongrels. 1883 Encycl. Brit. XV. 491/2 Of the latter [sc. people of mixed American Indian descent] one half are of English-speaking parentage..the remainder are known as Metis or Bois-brûlés. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 531/1 Then Manitoba was principally inhabited by English and French half-breeds (or Metis). 1966 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 29 July 6/3 A settlement of about 1500 Cree Indians and 300 Metis. 1975 Time 3 Feb. 8/3 The oppression and mistreatment of the Indians and Métis..never become anything more than a rhetorical device. 1982 H. Rosenthal My Mad World of Opera xvii. 162 An historical piece that told of..the Metis, a race that originated from the union of a French-Canadian man and an Indian woman. 2001 Windspeaker 1 Apr. 10 The decision in their case is the first time the harvesting rights of Métis have been upheld by Ontario's highest court. b. In Asia, South America, the United States, etc.: a person of mixed race, esp. of mixed European and indigenous origin; a member of a group of such people. ΚΠ 1839 Penny Cycl. XV. 158/2 The mixed race [in Mexico] is mostly composed of the descendants of the Europeans and the aboriginal tribes: these are called Metis or Mestizos. 1850 Executive Documents U.S. House of Representatives (31st Congress, 2nd Sess.) No. 1. 93 After a boisterous passage over this lake.., we made the trading post of George Bango, a Metis or cross of the African and Indian. 1882 Amer. Naturalist 16 682 The inhabitants of the Philippine islands are..; 3. Chinese, Chinese metis and Japanese. 1911 J. B. de Lacerda in G. Spiller Papers on Inter-racial Problems (title) The Metis, or Half-Breeds of Brazil. 1916 Man 16 142 The Tungus metises we have divided into three groups. 1972 D. Bloodworth Any Number can Play v. 37 He nodded towards a plump Eurasian... ‘Bonjour, les gars,’ murmured the métis. 1996 Slavic Rev. 55 821 Some family members became ‘métis’ who looked like Iakuts, but could at least speak Russian. 2. In extended use. a. A hybrid between two breeds of sheep; a cross-breed.Earlier as adjective. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > livestock > stock or breed > cross-breed mule1772 cross-breed1844 half-bred1848 metis1852 mixed breed1864 1852 De Bow's Rev. Oct. 376 Besides the celebrated merino sheep, there are two other less valuable breeds, Churros and Metis. 1876 Rep. Commissioners of U.S. to Internat. Exhib. Vienna, 1873 IV. 37 The cross-breeds, formed by the use of Merino rams in the native flocks.., are among the most profitable sheep of France. They are called metis-Merinoes, or simply metis. 1949 Amer. Speech 24 95 A common term to indicate a crossbreed between Persian lamb and other Asiatic species of lamb is metis, derived from the French for ‘half-breed’. b. A hybrid between two varieties of grapevine. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > variety or species > [noun] > cross or hybrid mule1728 bigener1817 graft-hybrid1868 nothomorph1939 polycross1946 metis1974 1974 Sci. Amer. June 115/1 In California the work has taken mainly the direction of producing new métis (crosses within species) by crossing Europe's temperate-climate and Mediterranean vines with a view to obtaining better grapes for the fertile but desertlike Central Valley. 1996 H. W. Paul Sci., Vine, & Wine in Mod. France iii. 83 As the nineteen clearly separated botanical species (true Linnaean species) of vines behaved like métis, hybridizers like Couderc were able to take advantage of this oddity of nature. B. adj. 1. Of, belonging to, or relating to, or designating a metis or the Metis. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > mixed race > [adjective] > person > person white and Amerindian half-breeda1762 metis1846 ladino1934 Paulistic1941 1846 Let. 18 July in P. J. de Smet Oregon Missions (1847) xix. 229 A change for the better [had] already taken place among the little metis girls confided to their care. 1886 S. F. Harrison Crowded Out! 91 The report of the Métis revolt had spread. 1938 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 10 435 The Métis and Indian risings, though momentarily successful, were promptly suppressed. 1972 Guardian 4 July 16/2 The estimated 15,000 to 50,000 métis children in South Vietnam—children of American soldiers, either half-black or half-white. 1995 Canad. Geographic Mar. 41/1 Métis freemen..could supplement their livelihood with the abundant fishing.., and the settlement's location along a key fur-trading route continued to attract more Métis families in the mid-to late-1800s. 2. Of, derived from, or designating a cross-bred sheep. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > genus Ovus > [adjective] > that is bred or has died in particular way traiked1828 metis1848 mestizo1854 half-bred1891 line-bred1891 1848 Commerc. Bull. J. Zuckerbacker & Co. (Odessa) Washed Merino Wool..[Washed] Metis [Wool]. 1876 Official Catal. Internat. Exhib. (U.S. Centennial Exhib.) 83/2 Merino metis skin. 1876 Official Catal. Internat. Exhib. (U.S. Centennial Exhib.) 126/2 Washed wool, Metis and Tzigai breed. 1898 Polit. Sci. Q. 13 277 The law of 1890 thus describes them [sc. clothing wools]: Class one, that is to say, Merino, Mestiza, Metz or Metis wools, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1816
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