单词 | merit |
释义 | meritn. I. As an abstract quality. 1. a. Theology. The quality (in actions or persons) of being entitled to reward from God. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > merit > [noun] earningOE meritc1230 meeda1387 ablenessa1425 meedfulness1530 meriting1549 desert1563 deservednessa1628 deservingness1631 meritoriousness1639 premiability1675 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > deserving (good or ill) > that which is deserved i-wurhtc888 addlingc1175 wrightc1175 meritc1230 desert1393 demerit1399 condignity1653 comeuppance1859 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > merit > [noun] meritc1230 c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 83 He biȝet þreo preminences. priuilegie of preachur. merite of martirdom. Meidenes mede. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 27 (MED) Þe more þou þenkest so on hys deaþ, Þe more hys þy meryte. c1380 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 33 Do Mendite Thy maydens deeth, that wan thurgh hir merite The eternal lyf. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. i. 157 Ȝe naue no more merit In Masse ne In houres Þen Malkyn of hire Maydenhod, þat no Mon desyreþ. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 119 (MED) Bi no deede a man hath merit, saue bi a deede which is the seruice and the lawe of God. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) 4380 Þis meracle þus y-do þorow þe meryde of þis blessud virgyn seynt Ede. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Biiii Feyth hath no meryt, where natural reason of it selfe may discerne..the thyng. 1554 T. Sampson in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) III. App. xviii. 48 They so enwrap themselves with their terms..with merit of congruence and merit of condignity. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. iii. 179 They admit not of the merit of Congruence, condignity, nor works of Supererogation. 1692 S. Patrick Answer to Touchstone of Reformed Gospel 138 It is frivolous to alledg the word Merit, so often used by the Fathers; for they mean no more thereby, but obtaining that which they are said to merit. 1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 438 Merit is an unpardonable piece of Popery. 1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 72 Able to deserve Grace, neither with the Merit of Condignity, nor with that of Congruity. 1825 G. Canning Speech 21 Apr. in Speeches (1828) V. 394 The next objection..is, that the Roman Catholics ascribe an overweening merit and efficacy to human actions. 1898 A. G. Mortimer Catholic Faith & Pract. ii. xi. 311 Merit..implies a proportion between the work done and the reward given. 1947 M. E. Boylan This Tremendous Lover (new ed.) xi. 155 The very difficulties..are really God's providential means of giving us an opportunity of earning merit. 1991 Jrnl. Theol. Stud. 42 79 The Scriptural notion of reward does not imply condign merit; it refers, rather, to God's free gift which he bestows upon us because he has promised so to do. b. gen. The quality of deserving well, or of being entitled to reward or gratitude.In many cases hard to distinguish from sense 1c, esp. where there is an implied rather than explicit reward. ΚΠ 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 134 (MED) Uor þis skele heþ oure byleaue merite. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. 301 (MED) In the worldes reverence Ther ben of suche manie glade, Whan thei to thilke astat ben made, Noght for the merite of the charge, Bot for thei wolde hemself descharge Of poverte. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 12891 (MED) A! Ion..Thoru þi merite was it sene, Quen nan was worthier þan þou Hand to lai on suete iesu. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 471 This man was utterly unprofitable,..reioycenge the name of dignite withowte merytte. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 138 Small merit is of synnes for to irke Quhen thou art ald. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ix. 38 For who shall goe about To cosen Fortune, and be honourable without the stampe of merrit, let none presume To weare an vndeserued dignity. View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 1011 It is not vertue, wisdom, valour, wit, Strength, comliness of shape, or amplest merit That womans love can win or long inherit. View more context for this quotation 1722 D. Defoe Moll Flanders 77 The Men made no scruple..to go a Fortune Hunting, as they call it, when they had really no Fortune themselves to Demand it, or Merit to deserve it. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxxvi. 437 His merit was rewarded by the favour of the prince. 1825 Lancet 18 June 341/1 Bringing in Medical Officers from interest, instead of awarding the palm to merit. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Prol. p. vii For merit lives from man to man, And not from man, O Lord, to thee. 1881 Contemp. Rev. 40 646 The principle of promotion by merit. 1911 G. M. Gordon Auld Clay Biggin' 7 We can bit trust i' His maircy, Davy, for it'll no be thro' any meerit o' oor ain. 1966 C. Achebe Man of People ii. 19 I had had scholarships both to the secondary school and to the University without any godfather's help but purely on my own merit. 1972 E. Longford Wellington III. xxiv. 373 Within the officer class, the Duke believed in promotion by merit. c. Claim or title to commendation or esteem; excellence, worth. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] goodnessOE mund?c1250 daintethc1290 bountyc1300 daintyc1300 excellencec1384 virtuea1393 excellency?a1400 nobilitya1400 meritc1425 singularity?c1450 fineness1523 admirationa1533 rareness1545 rightness1561 rariety1566 rarity1566 excellentness1569 beautya1586 admirableness1607 primeness1611 gallantry1650 eximiety1656 optimity1656 altesse1660 unexceptionableness1669 excellingness1701 quality1803 sterlingness1815 stupendosity1828 goodliness1832 superbness1832 unexceptionability1837 sweetness and light1867 class1884 rortiness1885 rippingness1903 superstardom1928 motherfucker1977 awesomeness1998 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) 876/4 (MED) Most worþi prince..Of merit egal to þe worþi nyne. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 808 (MED) But thingis iiij in hem [sc. stalons] is to biholde: ffourme and colour, merite and beaute. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. 831 (MED) Next hem in merit is dyuers hued: Black bay & permixt gray..and many mo. 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 378 You see my good wenches how men of merrite [1623 Merit] are sought after. View more context for this quotation 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. xxv. 93 There was so much of merit in him, That whereas he had continual warres with Lysimachus [etc.],..yet was never ouercome by any of them. 1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 42 To him the Wit of Greece and Rome was known, And ev'ry Author's Merit, but his own. 1726 J. Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 17 Merit should be chiefly plac'd In Judgment, Knowledge, Wit and Taste. 1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. vi. 41 The dramatic merit..of Livy. 1889 D. Hannay Life F. Marryat 147 It is a child's story of merit—nothing more. 1921 E. Waugh Let. 13 June (1980) 3 Is there any merit in these verses? 1957 A. E. Stevenson New Amer. iii. i. 86 It is economical to..examine every proposal with a careful, realistic eye as to its real merit and its financing. 1986 Z. Tomin Stalin's Shoe v. 85 A glittering throng of diplomats and generals..artists of national merit, actors, opera singers..was mounting the gala staircase. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > [noun] nameOE wordOE honestya1382 rumoura1387 recommendation1433 wealc1500 wellc1500 credit1529 repute1598 renowna1616 recommends1623 commendation1631 character1649 merit1752 stock1930 1752 S. Foote Taste Pref. p. viii A Man, who had ever great Merit with his Friends. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations II. iv. ii. 54 Our manufacturers have no doubt great merit with their country, but they cannot have more than those who defend it with their blood. e. Order of Merit: an award made to civilians and members of the armed forces in recognition of conspicuous bravery or achievement; the group or institution to which those so honoured belong.In earlier use the term, strictly Order for Merit (French Pour le Mérite), is applied to the institution set up by Frederick II of Prussia in 1740 to honour military, scientific, and artistic achievement. In modern English use, it generally refers to the institution (abbreviated O.M. n. at O n.1 Initialisms 3) established on this model by Edward VII in 1902, and limited to 24 living members. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [noun] > order order1429 Order of Merit1799 1799 Public Characters of 1799–1800 II. 164 The King of Poland..also conferred on him the honours of knighthood of the Order of Merit. 1842 T. Campbell Frederick the Great II. xv. 71 If the order of the Black Eagle was conferred on any of the members of the order of Merit, he had to send back the latter to the king. 1880 B. Disraeli Endymion II. xv. 150 Now you tell your master..that if he wants to strengthen the institutions of this country, the government should establish an order of merit. 1902 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 71/1 The King's new Order of Merit would have attracted more attention if the list had appeared alone, and not at the tail of the honours bestowed at the Coronation. 1912 G. W. E. Russell Afterthoughts xxxix. 325 The Order of Merit—was founded by Frederick the Great in 1740; and the name was copied in turn by Hesse Cassel, Baden, Bavaria, Saxony, Oldenburg, Würtemberg, and Belgium. 1970 C. L. Cline in G. Meredith Lett. I. p. xxix In 1905 came official recognition: he became the twelfth member of the recently founded Order of Merit. 2000 Daily Tel. 22 Nov. 10/5 A N Wilson..said: ‘She is the greatest living Englishwoman. A damehood is long overdue. The Order of Merit, a peerage and all the accoutrements should follow.’ ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > deserving (good or ill) worthnesseOE addlingc1175 ofservingc1225 desert1297 ofgoing1340 deserving1388 merita1393 worthiness1395 deservice1480 just desert1548 deservednessa1628 fitness1648 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 2051 (MED) He [sc. a king] mot ek..Se the decertes of his men; And after that thei ben of ken And of astat and of merite, He schal hem largeliche aquite. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iv. pr. vi. 319 Alle men wenen that thei han wel desservid it [sc. sorowful thinges], and that thei ben of wykkid meryt. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 90 (MED) The childe..and thilke Joadys..toke her and made her deye an euell and a shamfull dethe; And so had she rewarde of her merite in the ende. a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. Prol. sig. a.iii After our meryte, we shalbe sure To be rewarded. 1595 T. Bedingfield tr. N. Machiavelli Florentine Hist. viii. 222 Either of them with others guiltie of the treason, were rewarded with the paines of their merit. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianogr. (1636) iii. sig. I7 I set the Death of our Lord Jesus Christ betwixt me and my bad merit. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant 253 They must be presented according to the merit of the business, whether good or bad. 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 214 In the future state men shall be placed and treated according to their merit. 3. Claim to gratitude for being the agent of some favourable state of affairs; the honour or credit of bringing about (something). With of. Now rare (but see also sense 4c). ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > deserving (good or ill) > deserving well > desert or merit dignity1548 promerit1604 merit1711 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 15 Aug. (1948) I. 334 And if there be no breach, I ought to have the merit of it. 1730 J. Miller Humours Oxf. iv. 56 I shall find Means to..have the Merit of delivering her from the Claws of that Harpy. 1787 J. Madison Let. 30 Nov. If Europe has the merit of discovering this great mechanical power in government,..America can claim the merit of making the discovery the basis of unmixed and extensive republics. 1844 Ld. Brougham Brit. Constit. iii. 42 The whole merit of the great change..belongs to the Barons. 1912 G. Kapp Electr. viii. 219 To the late Professor Ferraris of Turin belongs the merit of having discovered a principle of alternating current working by which [etc.]. II. Something which confers the quality of merit, and other more concrete senses. 4. a. Theology. In plural. Good works viewed as entitling a person to reward from God; (also) the righteousness and sacrifice of Christ as the ground on which God grants forgiveness to sinners. Also (occasionally) in singular. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > good works > [noun] workingOE workOE meritc1350 work of almsa1400 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > merit > [noun] > thing meritc1350 c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 44 (MED) Of alle þe graces þat god ȝiueþ vnto holy chirche, owe man to ȝelde worsshipp to Iesu crist, þorouȝ whas meryt þat it is. c1400 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 423 (MED) Bot merytes of men ben dedis or lyves, þat God of his grace acceptis to mede. 1493 Chastysing Goddes Chyldern (de Worde) iii. sig. Aiij/2 Some for vncunnynge of receyuing of..al suche gostly comfortes wene yt they receyue hem by her owne merites. 1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Aviiv Manifestly ye cast Christes merites aside. 1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Aviiiv For who so-euer wyll seke..to be made rightwse by the Lawe, he is gone quite from Christ and his merites profyte hym not. 1580 King's Confession in Facsimiles National MSS Scotl. (1871) III. lxx Justification by workes,..workes of supererogation, meritis, perdones, [etc.]. 1591 (?a1425) Harrowing of Hell (Huntington) in R. M. Lumiansky & D. Mill Chester Myst. Cycle (1974) I. 327 To bringe the people to salvatyon By merrytt [v.r. mirrette] of thy bitter Passyon. 1662 Bk. Common Prayer Collect 13th Sund. Trin. That we fail not finally to attain thy heavenly promises, through the merits of Jesus Christ our Lord. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 290 Thy merit Imputed shall absolve them who renounce Thir own both righteous and unrighteous deeds. View more context for this quotation 1729 T. Stackhouse Compl. Body Divinity iv. i. §2. 587 The Prayers of the Saints, incensed with the Merits of his Sacrifice. 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. iii, in Poems 97 His Merits thus and not his Sins confest, He speaks his Hopes and leaves to Heav'n the Rest. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) 495/2 Protestants hold..that a man really has been justified by faith, or, in other words, that the merits of Christ have been imputed to him. 1897 A. G. Mortimer Catholic Faith & Pract. i. v. 83 His superabundant merits, which are laid up as a rich treasure for His Church. 1952 G. D. Smith Teaching of Catholic Church (ed. 2) xiv. 505 Christ did not die instead of us or in our place, but on our behalf, because he was mystically one with us. His merit is our merit. ΚΠ a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (1987) iv. 965 God seeth every thyng..And hem disponyth..In hire merites sothly for to be, As they shul comen by predestyne. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. 2959 (MED) Myn auctour..To write of Tullie in hast he gan hym dresse..Whos meritis treuli to recompence, The Muses nyne..A crowne of laureer set upon his hed. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xv. 516 Eftre thair meritis delt he. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. vii. sig. Qv The mooste noble emperours, whiche for their merites resceyued of the gentyles diuyne honours. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxix Not waiyng our merites, but pardonyng our offences, through Christe our Lorde. 1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David xli. v Raise me up, that I may once have might, Their meritts to requite. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xxiv. 43 We doe require then of you, so to vse them, As we shall find their merits, and our safty May equally determine. View more context for this quotation 1675 tr. W. Camden Hist. Princess Elizabeth (rev. ed.) iv. 155 The large extent of the Spanish Empire, his power aboue all,..his great merits towards the Church of Rome, and his extraordinary place..before the French King [etc.]. c. A commendable quality, an excellence, a good point. Now frequently in to have the merit that (also of, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [noun] > an excellence greatnessc1384 excellencec1400 merita1586 eminency1602 eminence1609 excellencya1616 transcendiary1654 transcendenta1706 a1586 Sir P. Sidney Lady of May in Arcadia (1598) sig. Bbb5v [Pedant loq.] Either according to the penetrancie of their singing, or the meliority of their functions, or lastly the superancy of their merits. 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura Ded. sig. A3v I shall pronounce you (and as indeed your merits do challenge it) the Phænix of this latter Age. 1700 J. Dryden Fables Pref. sig. *Av I soon resolv'd to put their Merits to the Trial, by turning some of the Canterbury Tales into our Language. 1759 A. Smith Theory Moral Sentiments vii. ii. iii Proper benevolence..appears to our natural sentiments to possess a merit superior to any other. 1774 O. Goldsmith Retaliation 49 Would you ask for his merits, alas! he had none. 1814 W. Scott Waverley III. xvii. 255 The rescue of the prisoner..might constitute a merit of such a nature as would make amends for any peccadilloes which he might be guilty of in the country. View more context for this quotation 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. iv. 133 His infallible plan..had the merit of being brief. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 185 The other method has the merit of economy. 1897 Westm. Gaz. 19 May 2/1 Faults first, merits afterwards! Such is our uncomfortable critical habit. 1901 R. Kipling Kim v. 133 It is no wrong to pay for learning; to help the ignorant to wisdom is always a merit. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View i. 12 He has the merit—if it is one—of saying exactly what he means. 1938 R. K. Narayan Dark Room vi. 100 She made a feeble effort to divert Savitri's thoughts by talking about the picture, its merits and demerits. 1983 A. Bullock Ernest Bevin iii. 97 It did not take long for Bevin to appreciate..the merits of a public school education. 1995 Q June 134/4 Their..tag-line..does have the merit of making this rag-bag of front-room demos sound as if it might merit a listen. d. Buddhism and Jainism. The good actions which a person performs in one state of existence, which help determine his or her successive entry into a better state; the effect on a person's karma of unselfish actions; (also) an unselfish action. Esp. in to acquire merit. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > good works > [noun] > as means of liberating the soul karma-yoga1785 merit1832 karma-marga1849 1832 C. Coleman Mythol. Hindus xiii. 220 Like the Buddhas, they [sc. the Jains] believe that there is a plurality of heavens and hells; that our rewards and punishments in them depend upon our merit or demerit. 1834 Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 3 383 These attributes appertain to persons subject to mortal births and deaths, of which the series is as little limited as is that scale of cumulative merits to which it expressly refers. 1853 R. S. Hardy Man. Budhism ix. 450 Let him who has the opportunity of acquiring merit, by being born when the precepts of Budha are taught, be careful not to let his privileges pass away without improvement. 1876 Encycl. Brit. IV. 433/1 This seed of existence Buddhism finds in ‘Karma’, the sum of merit and demerit. 1901 R. Kipling Kim xiv. 380 ‘She has acquired merit beyond all others,’ said the lama. ‘For to set a man upon the way to Freedom is half as great as though she had herself found it.’ 1920 W. J. Locke House of Baltazar iv. 43 ‘A strong man keeps temptation at his elbow in order to defy it.’ ‘In that way, honourable master, is merit acquired.’ 1972 ‘E. Peters’ Death to Landlords! xi. 162 The easiest way to peace of mind is to give. It is a fairly cheap way to acquire merit. ΚΠ c1390 G. Chaucer Physician's Tale 277 Heere men may seen how synne hath his merite. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 613 Ȝif ever þy mon upon molde merit disserved. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 5226 With me pas to my praysid modire, Þat þou may merote haue & menske & mede for þi werkis. 1483 W. Caxton tr. A. Chartier Curial sig. j Thou..reputest them the more worthy for to haue rewardes & merites. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 150 A deerer merit not so deepe a maime,..Haue I deserued at your Highnesse hands. View more context for this quotation a1599 R. Rollock Lect. Hist. Passion (1616) xvii. 156 Lord, saue us from the merite of sinne. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge v. v. sig. Kv Now murder shall receiue his ample merite. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §7 It is but the merits of our unworthy Natures, if wee sleep in darkness until the last Alarum. View more context for this quotation 1706 M. Prior Ode to Queen 85 Those laurel groves (the merits of thy youth), Which thou from Mahomet didst greatly gain. 6. the merits (rarely, †the merit) (of a case, question, etc.): (Law) the intrinsic rights and wrongs of a case, in contradistinction to extraneous or technical points, esp. of procedure; (gen.) the intrinsic rights and wrongs or excellences and defects of something. on its (also their, etc.) merits: without regard to anything but its (their, etc.) intrinsic excellences or defects. to have the merits (Law): (of a party to a suit, a suit, a claim, etc.) to be in the right as to the question in dispute (said esp. when for technical reasons a favourable decision cannot be given). ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a case before court > the intrinsic right and wrongs of the merits1494 1494 Loutfut MS f. 5v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Merite Thai ar jugis of the meritis of the said craft of armes. 1532 in J. M. Webster & A. A. M. Duncan Regality of Dunfermline Court Bk. (1953) 57 The parte adversar..ar nocht informit..of the effect and meretis of the caus. 1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 687 The saidis Provest..and Counsale..quha best knew the meritis of the saidis actionis. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 115 He humbly desyred a favourable hearing of the meritts of his cause. 1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 311 That you must..search deeply into the merits of the Cause. 1726 J. Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 10 Which if it sped, Wou'd shew the Merits of the Cause, Far better than consulting Laws. 1760 S. Foote Minor i. 18 It is always the rule, to administer a retaining fee before you enter upon the merits. 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 128 A valuable vade-mecum for such persons as are not in the habit of deciding on the merits of theatrical performances. 1813 W. P. Taunton Rep. Court Common Pleas 3 170 Inasmuch as the merits were with the Plaintiff..he [sc. the judge] refused to nonsuit him. 1838 W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 830 If he [sc. the defender] mean to defend the action on its merits..he merely returns the summons. 1885 Law Times 80 133/1 It did not appear from the affidavits that the defendant had the merits. 1898 A. Lang Making Relig. iv. 74 The ‘merits’ of stories of second sight need discussion. 1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. 637/2 The great thing is to treat each garden on its own peculiar merits. 1972 Times 11 Feb. 16/4 Lord Justice Salmon..held that service of the writ..was undoubtedly regular so that it would be necessary to see whether there was a proper affidavit on the merits. 1994 Diabetes Forecast May 8/3 We should examine all these proposals on their merits. ΚΠ 1879 H. R. Rice-Wiggin & A. P. Graves Elem. School Manager 105 The ‘merit-card’ system. Under this system, a cheap coloured ticket..is given..to every scholar who has made the total number of attendances possible in the previous week. When a scholar has gained twelve of these ‘merits’ he receives a prize in exchange for them. Phrases to make a merit of [compare French se faire un mérite de (1671)] : to account or represent (some action of one's own) as meritorious (cf. virtue n. Phrases 2). †to make (a) merit with: to establish a claim to the gratitude of (a person) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > gratitude > thank [verb (transitive)] > establish claim for gratitude to make (a) merit with1683 society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (transitive)] > deserve (well or ill) > by merit > represent as meritorious to make a merit of1683 1683 J. Dryden & N. Lee Duke of Guise iv. iii. 47 Stay here, and make a merit of your Love. 1691 J. Dryden King Arthur ii. i. 20 You might have made a Merit of your Theft. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela II. 364 It made her a great Merit with me, that she kept it [sc. the secret]. 1759 R. Jackson Hist. Rev. Pennsylvania 148 He..Makes a Merit of having gone farther in his Condescensions. 1780 E. Burke Speech Bristol previous to Election 21 I might not only secure my acquittal, but make merit with the opposers of the bill. 1832 H. Martineau Homes Abroad vii. 104 He had made a merit of remaining at his work. 1861 C. Reade Cloister & Hearth IV. xi. 120 He..made a merit of it to himself. 1911 W. De Morgan Likely Story 313 It is scarcely fair play to make a merit of patience. Compounds C1. a. ΚΠ 1756 F. Greville & F. Greville Maxims, Characters, & Refl. 130 A determined merit-conscious air. b. In terms denoting rewards for proficiency or performance at school, at work, etc. merit certificate n. ΚΠ 1901 Westm. Gaz. 13 Feb. 10/1 They refuse to give a merit-certificate to any child known to be addicted to cigarette-smoking. 1985 GCSE General Introd. (Dept. of Educ. & Sci.) 14 The Government has proposed that Distinction and Merit Certificates should be introduced. merit cup n. ΚΠ 1902 Westm. Gaz. 29 Oct. 12/2 The 42nd..won the merit cup in open competition in shooting. merit grant n. ΚΠ 1882 J. Russell New Educ. Code 28 No merit grant is made unless [etc.]. 1984 Tampa (Florida) Tribune 2 Apr. 14A/1 Merit grants account for only 3 percent of the money dispersed to students. merit increase n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > wage structures and scales > [noun] > wage rise > due to merit margin1939 merit increase1944 merit money1947 1944 Sun (Baltimore) 13 Oct. 7/7 Straight-time earnings (which include incentive payments and merit increases). 1973 Daily Tel. 10 Mar. 2/5 The inquiry found considerable support for general changes in salary levels to be clearly distinguished from individual ‘merit’ increases. merit medal n. ΚΠ 1902 Daily Chron. 27 Oct. 9/6 Mr. Robert Maxwell, who won the merit medal last year,..proved successful. merit money n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > wage structures and scales > [noun] > wage rise > due to merit margin1939 merit increase1944 merit money1947 1947 O. de R. Foenander Industr. Regulation Austral. ix. 84 ‘Merit money’, whether purely voluntary, or under pressure from the Court in profitable industries, had, too, expanded. 1967 Economist 15 Apr. 278/2 The company's previous merit-money system has proved both unfair and inflationary. 1989 Independent 27 Nov. 6/8 ‘Merit money’ as a performance reward may come through national changes. merit pay n. ΚΠ 1969 N.Y. Times 28 Sept. 76/5 The paper proposed a merit pay incentive program for park employees. 1992 Nursing Times 11 Nov. 21 Last year the government said pay review bodies should encourage move towards merit pay for the groups they covered. merit payment n. ΚΠ 1968 Economist 28 Sept. 60/1 Merit payments should be made to teachers with science or technology qualifications, and additional merit payments to those prepared to take on the extra responsibility of organising and running laboratories. 1993 Guardian 2 Aug. i. 3/2 Basic awards may be topped up with overtime and shift premiums, merit payments, bonuses and profit-related pay schemes. merit raise n. ΚΠ 1980 Redbook Oct. 234/1 I agree you deserve more right now, but you just had a merit raise a year ago. merit rate n. ΚΠ 1959 Gloss. Terms Work Study (B.S.I.) 26 Merit rate, the wage increment for a worker's merit. C2. merit award n. a financial award given by an employer in recognition of exceptionally good work; (also) a financial award given by a body or institution, frequently as a prize in a competition, to reward excellence in a particular field. ΚΠ 1969 N.Y. Times 4 Apr. 19/3 A former department store manager, who once caught two men who had robbed his store and later won his store's merit award. 1991 Outdoor Action (BNC) Aug. 12 The UK2000 Campaign has given a merit award to the West Cumbria Groundwork Trust for their work on footpaths in the area. merit badge n. U.S. Scouting an embroidered badge awarded for proficiency in a particular subject, craft, etc., usually sewn to the sleeve of the recipient's uniform (see also quot. 1934). ΚΠ 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Merit badge, in the Boy Scout organization a badge awarded to a first-class scout for passing satisfactorily an elementary test in any one of a large number of subjects, as life saving, public health, [etc.]... He becomes a star scout on qualifying for five merit badges, a life scout for ten, and an eagle scout for twenty-one. 1972 M. Smith Canto for Gypsy xiv. 124 He was a Boy Scout. Merit badges, the works. 1987 F. Flagg Fried Green Tomatoes 149 Whistle Stop's Boy Scouts, Duane Glass and Vernon Hadley, all received their merit badges. merit card n. British a card or certificate awarded for regular attendance at school or proficiency in schoolwork. ΚΠ 1879 H. R. Rice-Wiggin & A. P. Graves Elem. School Manager 105 The ‘merit-card’ system. Under this system, a cheap coloured ticket..is given..to every scholar who has made the total number of attendances possible in the previous week. When a scholar has gained twelve of these ‘merits’ he receives a prize in exchange for them. 1990 N. Williams Wimbledon Poisoner (1994) ii. 13 Sometimes she was served up garnished with prizes, a certificate of excellence in swimming or a merit card from a teacher. merit good n. Economics a commodity, service, etc., that is regarded by society or government as deserving public finance; usually in plural. ΚΠ 1962 Rev. Econ. & Statistics 44 415 The problem here is that it usually results in the imposition of the merit (or demerit) good on a larger group of citizens than public opinion or voter preference would warrant. 1992 J. G. Cullis & P. R. Jones Public Finance & Public Choice 312 General grants would be appropriate only if the grantor felt that all local services were merit goods. merit-making n. Buddhism the practice of performing unselfish actions which accumulate merit. ΚΠ 1974 Encycl. Brit. Micropædia VIII. 303/2 Merit making involves dāna (giving, such as offering food and robes to monks or donating a temple or monastery); sīla (the keeping of the moral precepts); and bhāvanā (the practice of meditation). 1987 Amer. Ethnologist 14 706 The most frequently observed Buddhist activity is merit-making, the offering of goods to monks. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > good works > [noun] > person characterized by > person expecting to be justified by workmonger?1548 merit-monger1552 merit-worker1577 merit-merchant1647 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > merit > [noun] > dealing in > person merit-monger1552 merit-worker1577 merit-merchant1647 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (1 Cor. ix. 17) God will cast all such merit-merchants out of his Temple. merit rating n. the assessment of an employee's ability to do his or her job; a particular rating of this ability. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > assessment of employee merit rating1939 1939 Soc. Advancem. Managem. Jrnl. 4 103/2 Merit rating is the process of determining with what degree of excellence an employe is performing his duties. 1967 L. Coulthard & B. Smith in G. Wills & R. Yearsley Handbk. Managem. Technol. 206 Regrettably, the merit-rating forms usually place the emphasis on personality traits rather than performance. 1992 R. Bean Compar. Industr. Relations (ed. 2) 7 Some US multinational companies attempted, quite unsuccessfully, to introduce into Japan..wage systems based on job evaluation and merit rating. merit system n. chiefly U.S. the system of giving promotion in public office according to the competence of the candidates rather than because of their political affiliations, etc. (cf. spoils system n. at spoil n. Compounds 2). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading > system of merit system1879 1879 Executive Documents U.S. House of Representatives (46th Congress, 2nd Sess.) No. 1. vii. 264 Under President Grant a trial..was made of the merit system in a limited way. 1998 Federal Reporter 3rd Ser. 152 1150/1 [The] complaint..alleged violation of veteran's preference and merit system principles in the selection process. merit table n. a table or chart on which people, teams, etc., are ranked according to merit. ΚΠ 1978 Rugby World Apr. 8/1 There are 43 clubs in the RFU merit tables, but we cannot afford to service more than 20. 1991 M. Edwards How to get Best Deal from your Employer (BNC) 81 A company established a weekly ‘merit table’ in which workers were assessed largely by guesswork. merit-worker n. †(a) = merit-monger n. (obsolete); (b) rare = Stakhanovite n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > good works > [noun] > person characterized by > person expecting to be justified by workmonger?1548 merit-monger1552 merit-worker1577 merit-merchant1647 society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > merit > [noun] > dealing in > person merit-monger1552 merit-worker1577 merit-merchant1647 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. ix. sig. Oo.vi/1 The name of Merits is..not vsed in the Scriptures. For in that signification wherin our Merite woorkers vse it, to wit, for meritorious woorkes, [etc.]. 1965 M. Michael tr. J. Myrdal Rep. Chinese Village (1967) iv. 212 Rewards to merit workers, 1961... Fu Hai-tsao Mattock. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > [noun] > right action or well-doing > the doing of good deeds > good deeds righteousnesseOE rightfulnessc1350 well-doings1538 merit works1635 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. iii. 109 Workes of Supererogation and Merit workes. DerivativesΚΠ 1645 S. Rutherford Tryal & Triumph of Faith xvi.131 This would seem Pharisaicall, and merit-like, if holinesse did not relate to the free promise of the covenant of grace. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). meritv.ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > reciprocal treatment or return of an action > reward or a reward > reward or recompense [verb (transitive)] foryield971 yield971 crownc1175 shipec1275 payc1330 to do meeda1350 rewardc1350 guerdonc1374 reguerdona1393 to do (one) whyc1400 quitc1400 recompense1422 salary1477 merit1484 requite1530 requit1532 reacquite1534 to pay home1542 remunerate1542 regratify1545 renumerate?1549 gratify?c1550 acquit1573 consider1585 regratiate1590 guerdonize1594 munerate1595 regratulate1626 reprise1677 sugar-plum1788 ameed1807 recompensate1841 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. xix An almesse that is done for vayne glorye is not merited but dismeryted. c1500 Melusine (1895) 264 I thanke you of this lyberall offre to goo with me & I shall meryte you, therfore, yf it playse god. 1598 G. Chapman tr. Homer Seauen Bks. Iliades v. 83 Which if thou wilt surcease, The king will merite it with giftes. 2. To be or become entitled to or worthy of (reward, punishment, good or evil fortune or estimation, etc.); = deserve v. 1, 2. a. transitive. With noun, noun phrase, or gerund as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > merit > [verb (transitive)] merit1526 comerit1638 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Diiiv Who may meryt or deserue grace beyng in synne? 1569 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 666 That rigour..of justice quhilk the qualitie of the cryme meritis. 1601 J. Marston et al. Iacke Drums Entertainm. ii. sig. D3v Any that meriteth the name of man. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. iii. 41 I am sure sweet Kate, this kindnesse merites thankes. View more context for this quotation 1656 Earl of Monmouth tr. T. Boccalini Ragguagli di Parnasso i. xxxi. 55 It merits memory, that..Virgil..caused Servius to be bastinadoed by his servant Daretes. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd ii. 456 Extol not Riches then,..more apt To slacken Virtue,..Then prompt her to do aught may merit praise. View more context for this quotation 1718 Free-thinker No. 8. 2 This presumptuous Wretch highly merited the Sentence pronounced upon him by Law. 1746 Fool (1748) I. 203 To what End, but to merit being robbed again? 1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 350 My knowledge..being too imperfect to merit a communication. 1813 P. B. Shelley Queen Mab iii. 35 She only knows How justly to proportion to the fault The punishment it merits. 1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 59 Good people, you do ill to kneel to me. What is it I can have done to merit this? 1884 Manch. Examiner 14 May 5/2 They would richly merit the severest censure. 1920 Brain 43 26 Microgyria..has been comparatively rarely described, and merits further study. 1977 R. Dahl Wonderful Story of Henry Sugar 195 I asked whether the story was really interesting enough to merit being put on paper. 1986 A. Harding Also Georgiana (1988) x. 145 He had been harsh..to Peter, who had surely done nothing to merit such treatment. b. transitive. With infinitive or (rarely) that-clause as object. In early use (occasionally): †to obtain as one's deserts (obsolete). Now archaic. ΚΠ a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. H.viijv He merited to lese his life with .xxiii. strokes of penknyues. c1545 in J. M. Anderson Early Rec. Univ. St. Andrews (1926) xxi It is neir perist and meretis nocht to be callit ane vniuersite. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau Certaine Secrete Wonders Nature Pref. sig. *jv That for his magnanimitie and vertue he meriteth neuer to be buried in the graue of obliuion. c1599 tr. A. de Ercilla Hist. Aravcana (1964) viii. 22 Of spayne..I am nott afrayed, nether do I merritt to be Esteemed valiant, except, I be the rvyne of the spaniards. 1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 488 Shee was farre from being contemptible, though not merriting to be admired. 1626 C. Potter tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels 182 His counsels merited to be followed. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 26 A Fort or Blockade (if it merit to be called so) made of Dirt. 1709 D. Manley Secret Mem. 133 You merit not to be belov'd. 1739–40 D. Hume Treat. Human Nature I. i The instance..is scarce worth our observing, and does not merit that..we should alter our general maxim. 1805 tr. A. Lafontaine Hermann & Emilia III. 249 God knows how I have merited..that my last days should pass with so much satisfaction. 1814 Theodora i. i, in New Brit. Theatre I. 280 Have I not merited to be unhappy? 1855 F. P. Cobbe Ess. Intuitive Morals I. 174 The Law of Honour, then, merits to be re-integrated into the moral Law. 1887 R. F. Burton tr. Arabian Nights' Entertainm.: Suppl. Nights III. dxlviii. 110 Whoso hath presented to me such jewels meriteth to become bridegroom to my daughter, Badr al-Budur. 1952 Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 479/2 Newport as ever really opens her doors wide only for the select—and that in the United States merits well to be noted. c. transitive. In clauses with as or than. ΚΠ 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iii. i. 19 When I do name him let it be thy part, To praise him more than euer man did merite . View more context for this quotation 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 267 All the wonders of the Mediterranean sea are described in much higher colours than they merit. 1835 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. July 416 Mr. Stewart is far more lenient than Dr. Wallis' disingenuity merited. 1843 Lancet 27 May 301/1 A disease..to which, I think, so much attention has not been given as its importance merits. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iv, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 210 Die! as thy frailties merit; let steel thy sufferings close. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. HHHvii I meryt nat in so sayeng my duety. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 635/1 Some man maye meryte as moche to drinke small wyne as some do whan they drinke water. 1577 W. Fulke Confut. Doctr. Purgatory 451 Euery man must merite for him selfe. 1648 H. Gresby tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Prince 260 The Mahometans think they merit when they kill strangers. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 147 Scotland, that had merited eminently at the King's hands ever since the year 1648. a1718 W. Penn Tracts in Wks. (1726) I. 481 No Man can merit for another. 1724 J. Swift Drapier's Let. VII in Wks. (1735) IV. 216 I..am resolved that none shall merit at my Expence. 1897 A. G. Mortimer Catholic Faith & Pract. i. xi. 166 While we are in a state of mortal sin we cannot merit. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > merit > [verb (transitive)] merit1543 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > the Son or Christ > [verb (transitive)] > of Christ: obtain spiritual blessings merit1543 1543 G. Joye George Ioye confuteth Winchesters Articles 1 Winchester wold proue that workes muste iustifye, that is to saye, with owr workes we muste merite the remission of owr synnes. 1586 R. Hooker Disc. Justif. (1612) §21. 27 Did they think that men doe merit rewards in heaven by the workes they performe on earth? 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 153 Christ is..that Lamb of God..quha onelie culd meritt vnto ws remission of sinnes. 1654 T. Fuller 2 Serm. 53 For whom Christ merited Faith, Repentance, and Perseverance. 1673 H. Hickman Hist. Quinq-articularis 410 Christ by his death did merit some supernatural things for the wicked. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 341 What Prize may Nisus from your Bounty claim, Who merited the first Rewards..? 1748 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 304 By fervent charity he may even merit forgiveness of men. 1898 A. G. Mortimer Catholic Faith & Pract. ii. xi. 316 No man..can merit the first grace, or justification, nor, if he fall into mortal sin, can he merit a recovery from that state. Nor can he merit final perseverance. ΘΚΠ society > morality > dueness or propriety > [verb (intransitive)] > deserve well or ill earnOE deservec1300 servec1300 servec1350 merit1626 comerit1638 1626 C. Potter tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels 147 It seemed vnto the Spaniards that they had well merited of the Holy See. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 99 The Earl of Essex, who had merited very well throughout the whole Affair..was discharged..without ordinary Ceremony. 1719 Free-thinker No. 142. 2 The late Mr. Savery..merited largely from Posterity by the Invention of an Engine. 1767 ‘Coriat Junior’ Another Traveller! I. 120 Those men have merited so well of the republic of letters. 1796 F. Burney Camilla V. x. xiii. 512 If Edgar has merited well of you, why are you parted? 1853 J. G. Whittier tr. H. St. Pierre in Chapel of Hermits Notes 116 My sole study has been to merit well of mankind. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1230v.1484 |
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