| 释义 |
messengern. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French messager, messagier, mesanger. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman messager, messagier, messanger, messenger, massager, Old French messager (c1100), messagier (c1170), mesanger (c1190) < Old French message message n. + -ier -er suffix2. Compare Old Occitan messatgier (12th cent.), Spanish mensajero (1207), Portuguese mensageiro (?13th cent. in form †mesegeyro ), Italian messaggero (a1292 in form messaggiere (now rare)). In Middle French by the end of the 16th cent. messager had supplanted message in the same sense, with the latter word retaining its sense ‘message’, thus restoring the formal distinction between senses that had ended with the falling together of post-classical Latin missaticus and missaticum in Old French message (see message n.).The β. forms show the common late Middle English development of an intrusive n before g (representing both /dʒ/ and /ɡ/: see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §438, and compare forms s.vv. passenger n., harbinger n., nightingale n.1), probably strongly reinforced by similar Anglo-Norman and Picard forms with -n- . Forms with ma- probably reflect Anglo-Norman massager (compare forms s.v. message n.); such forms continue to be found (chiefly in East Anglian texts) into the 16th cent. Attested as a surname from the late 12th cent., as Lucas le mesagier (1193), Johannes Messager (1194), though it is unclear whether these are examples of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word. Sense 2b reflects the use of Hebrew mal'aḵ, Hellenistic Greek ἄγγελος, and classical Latin nuntius in biblical literature. 1. society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > diplomacy > [noun] > ambassador or envoy α. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 143 Hech monnes Messager me schal hechliche vnderfon. c1300 (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1901) l. 117 Artu Mi sones Messager, Þat bringest me þis greting her? c1415 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Lansd.) (1871) 333 My sonne in pointe is fo to lete The holy laws of owre Akkaron Ȝeuen be goddes Messagiere Makomet. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1893) i. 18 Machomet..whiche was messager of the deuil. 1522–3 in W. Fraser (1885) IV. 83 For baithe be messinger and write I declarit him playnlie [etc.]. 1558 J. Knox f. 5 The especiall dutie of Goddes messagers is to preache repentance. a1576 L. Nowell (1952) 142/2 Sandesman, a messagier, legate. 1653 J. Hope Diary in (1919) III. 157 A litle fascicull..which the messager had give me. 1743 Duke of Richmond Let. July in (1984) 109 My Lord Cartaret knew it here only by a private Messager from Sr John Rushout. 1922 D. H. Low tr. 115 God be with thee, thou royal messager. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 7 (MED) Storie is wytnesse of tyme, mynde of lyf, messager of eldnesse. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) 2919 The eye is a good messanger, Which can to the herte..Tidyngis sende. 1490 W. Caxton tr. xix. 71 [Mount Caucasus] sendeth doun her colde messagers as snowe, froste, heyle, & tempeste. 1578 J. Banister viii. f. 98 The Nerues..beyng therfore rightly iudged the diligent messengers and garders of the brayne. 1615 H. Crooke 535 The Sences..are the messengers and interpreters of the Soule. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. vii. 77 His teares, pure messengers, sent from his heart. View more context for this quotation 1759 J. Woolman (1971) vi. 102 I have looked at the smallpox as a messenger sent from the Almighty. 1813 Chron. 83/2 Casting these leaden messengers of death [sc. bullets]. 1860 J. Ruskin V. 43 It [sc. the trunk] is rather a messenger to the roots. 1914 E. R. Burroughs x. 124 It was this deadly stuff that killed, and not the little arrow, which was merely the messenger that carried it into the body of its victim. 1992 J. Stern & M. Stern 27/2 A mere one-twenty-fifth the size of what overenthusiastic sky-watchers were beginning to call the Killer Comet,..or the Cosmic Messenger of Doom. a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle (Laud) (1884) ciii. 5 The gostis of kynde that ar ay before the..thou makes thaim messangers of thi will. 1425 W. Paston in (2004) I. 3 I haue..in makyng a procuracie..and also a general appelle þe engrossyng of wych þe messager of this bill myght nought abide. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin cix. 672 Yet doth God appoint vs to be..messagers of his vnfallible trueth. 1584 J. Dee Jrnl. in (1659) i. 63 Those that are the..Messagers and Angles of the Dignified and Triumphant Glory. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 260 Messengers of Warre. View more context for this quotation a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Faire Maide of Inne iii. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Fffffff2v/2 At next visit Madam Ile be a messenger of comfort. 1703 D. Defoe in (1897) App. iv. 76 You must not refuse to be the messenger of my acknowledgments. 1770 T. Percy tr. P. H. Mallet II. xvi. 85 The Giantess Angerbode, or Messenger of Ill. 1826 J. F. Cooper ii. 18 I trust you are no messenger of evil tidings? 1885 R. F. Burton tr. I. i. 4 He despatched vaunt-couriers and messengers of glad tidings. 1957 F. Benet in K. Polanyi et al. x. 205 All through history the Moghreb women were conciliators and messengers of peace. 1646 in (1853) II. 155 To assemble the churches, or their messengrs, upon occasion of counsell. 1646 in (1853) II. 155 A publike assembly of the elders and other messengers of the severall churches. 1665 J. Eliot 4 The Intrinsecall and proper Efficients of a Council, are the Churches, who elect and send Messengers to that end. 1712 S. Sewall (1879) II. 347 Declar'd that the Elders and Messengers of Churches had appointed him to give the charge. 1829 in W. W. Sweet (1931) I To the Ministers and Messengers Composing the Illinois Association. 1866 119 The churches invited to assist in a council are represented by messengers or delegates. 1947 21 May 648/2 The Southern Baptist Convention is an assemblage..of messengers and visitors from local churches. 1998 22 June 69/1 Eight thousand Southern Baptist ‘messengers’, as delegates are called, had trekked north to Salt Lake City. society > communication > journalism > journal > newspaper > [noun] > titles of newspapers 1796 (title) Village Messenger (Amherst, N.H.). 1804 (title) The Mississippi Messenger. 1834 (title) The Southern literary messenger. 1886 XXI. 109/2 Many excellent literary journals and magazines..among these..the time-honoured Viestnik Yevropî (‘Messenger of Europe’). 1922 J. Joyce ii. xv. [Circe] 444 Messenger of the Sacred Heart and Evening Telegraph with Saint Patrick's Day Supplement. 1975 (title) Kent Messenger. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. vi. 56 You shall chance to whip your Information, And beate the Messenger, who bids beware Of what is to be dreaded. View more context for this quotation] 1962 29 253 If you find that the norms you specify lead to results that seem absurd (or empty) to you, that is reason to re-examine your own norms, not shoot the messenger boy or analyst. 1980 D. Carkeet ix. 143 You can't shoot the messenger for bringing bad news. 1997 10 Oct. 2/1 Although Councillor Leonard Groat backs the tenants in their grievance he urged them not to ‘shoot the messenger’ by blaming Mr Selwyn and the housing department for spending cutbacks. 2. the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > going first or in front > [noun] > one who goes first > as a harbinger or messenger c1230 (?a1200) (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 99 Ich am þe schadewe seið þes messager. þet is worldes weane. c1385 G. Chaucer 1491 The bisy larke, messager of day. c1390 G. Chaucer 6 Aprill..is messager to May. a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer (1987) iii. 1417 Lucyfer, þe dayes messager, Gan for to rise. ?a1450 (?1350–75) Origo Mundi l. 2199 in E. Norris (1859) I. 166 My a'd pys now messyger dog manerlich ov baner. 1545 (STC 16034) sig. C.iii.v The birde, of day messinger, Croweth and sheweth, that light is nere. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. i. 103 Yon grey Lines, That fret the Clouds, are Messengers of Day. View more context for this quotation 1653 Duchess of Newcastle 73 O, said the Swallow.., I am the Messenger of Summer warme. 1828 W. Wordsworth Morning Exercise in (1888) That fleet messenger of summer days, The Swallow. the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [noun] > antecedent or precursor c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) 122 in C. Horstmann (1887) 223 (MED) Ich wot þis is a messager þe riȝte wei ous to lede. 1340 (1866) 195 (MED) H[u]anne a riche man ssel come to ane toune..he zent his messagyers bo-uore uor to nime guod in. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke ix. 52 He [sc. Christ] sente messangeris [v.r. messageris] bifore his siȝt. a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Herod & John the Baptist (Coll. Phys.) in at Messager He [sc. John the Baptist] was ryt cristes messager. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 24191 (MED) Deth..hath vs sent to-forn, As massagers to warne the. 1600 W. Shakespeare v. i. 117 There is come a Messenger before to signifie their comming. View more context for this quotation 1989 Mal. iii. 1 I am about to send my messenger to clear a path before me. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > small cloud > small detached clouds ?1789 T. Best (ed. 2) ii. viii. 145 When..there are small black fragments of clouds like smoke, flying underneath, which some call messengers,..rain is not far off. 1854 A. E. Baker II. 19 Messengers, small floating clouds separated from larger masses: the sure precursors of rain. 1880 R. Jefferies vi. 133 The ‘messengers’—small detached clouds, that precede the rest—were already passing overhead. 1884 R. Lawson 23 Messenger, a small detached cloud (cumulus) floating low, and supposed to betoken rain. Sometimes called a Carrier. 3. society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [noun] > one who arrests society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger > official messenger ?1316 (Royal) (2002) l. 608 He wes þe kynges messager In his neodes fer & ner. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) l. 1219 Her comeþ þe kinges messanger..Forto han min hert-blod. 1428 Ayr Burgh Accts. in (1957) 31 143 To the Kyngis hors messynger for sommonym to the cheker and parlament. a1450 (Richardson 44) (1884) 33 (MED) Þe kynges messeger..tolde hir what batayl was sette aȝeynst hir on þe next morwe. 1535 c. 27 §3 There shalbe..one other person, which shalbe called Messanger of the same Courte. 1607 J. Cowell sig. Xx1 Messenger of the Exchequer, is an Officer there, of which sorte there be foure in that court, that be Pursuyvants attending the lord Treasurer, to cary his letters and precepts. 1694 A. Wood (1894) III. 463 Most of the messingers are gone into the country to fetch up persons seised upon account of the plot. 1696 E. Phillips (new ed.) Messenger, one that attends upon the King and his Council to carry Dispatches, and waits upon the Sergeant at Arms to Apprehend Prisoners of State. 1706 (new ed.) Messengers of the Exchequer, certain Officers in that Court, four in Number, who as Pursuivants, attend the Lord Treasurer, to carry his Letters and Orders. 1732 G. Berkeley I. i. ix. 29 A Man had better a thousand times be hunted by Bailiffs or Messengers. 1788 R. Twining Let. 15 Aug. in (1887) 156 Prince Ernest has promised to send a set over for me by the King's messenger as soon as the work is published. 1789 8 Apr. (1834) I. 18 Cornelius Maxwell was appointed Messenger [by the Senate]. 1846 B. Disraeli 26 Dec. (1938) 22 Mrs Orme..married a person, who..was converted from a Queen's Messenger into a paid Attaché. 1874 c. 81 §4 The office of messenger or pursuivant of the Great Seal shall as a separate office be abolished. 1879 C. Marvin 201 A Queen's Messenger who is about to set off in five minutes' time for Cairo. 1909 M. Beerbohm 126 Had nomady been my business, had I been a commercial traveller or a King's Messenger. 1965 B. Sweet-Escott iii. 80 A King's Messenger..overheard my argument with the booking office and offered me his berth, explaining however that it was full of Foreign Office bags. 1987 B. Moore xv. 108 The helmeted government messenger appeared. 2005 G. Sheffield & J. Bourne in D. Haig 46 This diary was written on an almost daily basis during the Great War and sent by King's Messenger in batches to Lady Haig in England. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who executes orders of court > bailiff 1482 in T. Rymer (1711) XII. 166/1 We..Constitute..the same Gartier and Northumberlond, our Ambassadours, Oratours, Procuratours, Factours, and Masseagers. 1587 (1814) III. 449/2 Of late ȝeiris þair is enterit in the office of armes sindry extraordinar maseris..and a verie greit nowmer of messingeris. 1681 J. Dalrymple iv. xlvii. 14 From the impression of the King's arms on this blazon, messengers are called messengers at arms. 1753 R. Thomson 2 There ought only to be in all Scotland 200 Messengers, or Officers of Arms (including Heralds, Macers and Pursuivants, 17 in Number). 1812 W. Tennant ii. xxxii. 38 Sheriffs learn'd..And messengers-at-arms, (a fearful class!). 1838 W. Bell Messenger-at-arms; an officer appointed by, and under the control of the Lyon King-at-Arms... They are employed in executing all summonses and letters of diligence, both in civil and criminal matters. Our signet letters..were constantly directed to messengers-at-arms, as sheriffs in that part. 1872 J. G. Michie ii. 17 A messenger-at-arms..the terror of evil doers far and wide. 1914 N. Munro iii. 28 As Messenger-at-Arms,..he was forever on the road upon MacCailein's business. 1980 D. Maxwell 43 A messenger may not refuse to act for anyone who wishes to employ him and who tenders reasonable remuneration. society > law > law enforcement > law-enforcement or peace-officer > [noun] > officer enforcing publishing licence 1682 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) I. 226 The Stationers company..have called one Robert Stephens (a common messenger of the presse) on the livery. 1694 A. Wood (1894) III. 470 Tomson the printer was seized on by Stephens, the messenger of the press, in the act of printing a pamphlet reflecting on the government. 1770 Copy of Information in 49 Mr. Serjeant Glynn. You are a messenger to the press, please to tell us what that office is? A. It is my business to buy all political pamphlets. 1960 C. Blagden ix. 167 Robert Stephens,..who had just lost his job as Messenger of the Press because he took bribes. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who executes orders of court 1732 c. 30 §4 That every such Bankrupt..shall be..required..to deliver up..all his..Bookes of Accounts..not seized by the Messenger of the said Commission. 1883 c. 52 §153 The official solicitors and messengers in bankruptcy..shall be transferred to and become officers of the Board of Trade. 1894 G. Y. Robson (ed. 7) 77 The messenger was a sort of sheriff's officer employed to execute the orders and warrants of the court. Originally..a messenger was attached to the court of each commissioner. society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > official who executes orders of court > bailiff 1801 J. Barrow I. ii. 79 The next step is..to apply for a commission, consisting of the Landrost, two members of the Council, the Secretary of the district, and a Messenger. 1872 E. W. Robertson 114 The Bode or messenger of the Court. 1972 V. G. Hiemstra in VII. 345 Messenger of the Court, Official who is responsible for the serving of process of the magistrate's court and for the execution of orders of that court, including attachment of goods in civil cases and sales in execution... The process of the Water Court is also served by the Messenger of the Court. 1986 (ed. 3) 227 All magistrates' courts have members of staff called messengers of the court... A messenger of the court is obliged to execute ‘without avoidable delay’ all processes handed to him by the clerk of the court. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Messengers, boys appointed to carry orders from the quarter-deck. 1918 L. E. Ruggles 96 It is the duty of the messenger to run errands for the deck officer or executive officer while on watch both at sea and in port. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > line sent ahead of larger line society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > anchoring equipment > [noun] > endless chain on capstan 1633 T. James 80 We..put our Cables ouer-boord, with Messengers vnto them. 1691 R. Hooke in R. T. Gunther (1930) VII. 722 To know this [sc. deep-sea temperature], I have another messenger, call'd explorator temperamenti. 1775 N. D. Falck 29 Then a jewel, well parcelled with about an hundredweight of stones together with a messenger of jewel-rope, was let over the hawser, and run down, in order to jam the sweep. 1784 J. King III. vi. xi. 475 Having, in our endeavours to heave the anchor out of the ground, twice broken the old messenger, and afterward a new one. 1839 2 158/1 An improved capstan and winch for purchasing or raising ship's anchors, without the application of a messenger. 1882 G. S. Nares (ed. 6) 159 The messenger is an endless chain passing round the capstan and two rollers in the manger. 1955 C. N. Longridge i. iv. 62 The cables were never taken round the capstan, but were hove in by means of a ‘messenger’, which was an endless rope rove through a snatch block in the bows with three or more turns round the capstan barrel. 5. society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > other toys > [noun] > kite > specific part 1746 Ld. Chesterfield 9 Oct. (1932) (modernized text) III. 785 My long and frequent letters..put me in mind of certain papers, which you have very lately, and I formerly, sent up to kites, along the string, which we called messengers; some of them the wind used to blow away,..and but few of them got up and stuck to the kite. 1864 99 Some boys amuse themselves by sending messengers up to their kites when they have let out all their string. A messenger is formed of a piece of paper three or four inches square. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > mechanism > [noun] > part of > which sets other parts moving 1929 4 193 When a messenger is sent down the line it first hits the arm holding the stop. By the blow the stop is forced away, the messenger below is set free. 1963 H. F. P. Herdman in M. N. Hill II. vi. 124 When the messenger hits this catch, the lids are immediately closed and the bottle falls away through 180°. 1984 A. C. Duxbury & A. Duxbury vi. 192 A small weight known as a messenger is then attached around the hydrowire. society > communication > record > written record > compiler or keeper of written records > [noun] > others 1793 J. Leslie tr. Comte de Buffon VII. 320 Its most usual exercise is to walk with long steps from one side to another... This quality has probably conferred on it the name of Messenger, as the bundle of feathers on the top of the neck has procured that of Secretary. the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > other genetic structures 1905 E. H. Starling in 5 Aug. 340/1 These chemical messengers, however, or ‘hormones’..as we might call them. 1923 18 Jan. 12 Hormones and chalones (specific chemical messengers) produced by the ductless or endocrine glands. 1961 S. Brenner et al. in 13 May 576 The paradox..can be resolved by the hypothesis, put forward by Jacob and Monod.., that..ribosomes are non-specialized structures which receive genetic information from the gene in the form of an unstable intermediate or ‘messenger’. 1993 30 Oct. 285/1 Cocaine bothers insects by preventing their nerve cells from taking up key chemical messengers. Compounds C1. General attributive. 1711 Ld. Shaftesbury III. Misc. v. iii. 337 There are further Miracles remaining for 'em to perform, e'er they can in modesty plead the Apostolick or Messenger-Authority. 1898 Mar. 427 The messenger-wind that drives before the dawn. C2. 1825 F. D. Hemans in 131 (title) The messenger-bird. 1835 F. A. Butler II. 54 That Messenger Bird threw more than a passing gloom over me. 1935 35 63 The gru or crane..the symbolic messenger-bird of the goddess. society > communication > information > message > [noun] > messenger > young messenger 1832 E. C. Wines I. 41 Some are employed as cooks at the galley, and others as messenger boys on the quarter deck. 1886 26 Aug. 11/1 A Wall-street banker..sent a note by a district messenger boy to the office of his broker. 1959 N. Mailer (1961) 208 I was amateur agent for it, messenger boy, editorial consultant..and I made a hundred mistakes. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > suspension cable 1916 §778 A messenger wire or cable is a wire or cable running along with and supporting other wires, cables or contact conductors. 1948 (Amer. Techn. Soc.) IX. 48 A stranded steel messenger cable is strung over the chord of the trusses. 1989 M. C. Smith i. v. 45 The ramp's steel-mesh safety gate swung up and two men in hard hats, life jackets and lifelines around their waists dragged heavy messenger cables down the ramp to the bag. the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > RNA 1961 S. Brenner et al. in 13 May 577/1 Model III implies that a special type of RNA molecule, or ‘messenger RNA’, exists which brings genetic information from genes to non-specialized ribosomes. 1973 Aug. 21/1 Some of the RNA (messenger RNA) determines the structure of the proteins (primarily enzymes) that constitute or manufacture all the tissues of the organism. 1992 24 Oct. 129/1 Messenger RNAs..are copied from the gene, and thus share its sequence. 1780 H. Walpole Let. 22 Feb. in (1971) IX. 17 The Admiral's messenger-sloop has been taken. the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > distribution system > [noun] > suspension cable 1898 E. J. Houston (ed. 4) 849/2 Messenger wire of aerial cable. 1916Messenger wire [see messenger cable n.]. 1948 (U.S. Pub. Roads Admin.) iii. 117 All overhead cable shall be supported by a suitable aerial messenger wire whenever there is a span of more than 30 feet. 1984 Mar. 64/1 Catenary consists of messenger wire at 26 1/ 2 feet above the track and contact wire at 21 1/ 2 feet. Derivatives 1594 G. Ellis in (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 25 He is upon a journey, messenger like,..to apprehend..her Majesty's loving subjects. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). messengerv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: messenger n. Etymology: < messenger n. 1822 C. Lamb 12 Dec. (1935) II. 351 Can I have a revise of Philelia..sent by post. Don't trouble yourself to messenger it. 1985 R. Lourie (1986) xxi. 202 I told him that I would need a letter on his stationery messengered up to me. society > communication > information > message > send a message or messenger [verb (transitive)] 1891 M. J. Cawein 159 Eastward he journeyed... And messengered the monarch with a gift. 1979 6 Mar. b8/2 A copy of the letter was received from the White House..and of course immediately messengered to the FTC hearings and ABC witnesses. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.?c1225 v.1822 |
