† mespiln.

Forms: Middle English–1500s mespil, 1500s mespylle, 1500s mispill, 1500s mispylle, 1500s myspylle.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mespilum, mespila.

Etymology: < classical Latin mespilum medlar, mespila medlar tree, respectively < ancient Greek μέσπιλον medlar, Hellenistic Greek μεσπίλη medlar tree; further etymology unknown. Compare mespilus n., mesple n., mesplier n., medle n., medlar n., naseberry n., nespola n.In classical Latin and early post-classical Latin mespilum (neuter) usually denotes the fruit and mespila (feminine) usually denotes the tree, although there are a few passages where the neuter denotes the tree, and the feminine the fruit. In medieval usage the distinction seems to become less clear, and the form mespilus (feminine) is also recorded from around the 5th cent. (in Palladius). Post-classical Latin mespilum , mespila gave rise to a variety of forms in French, compare Old French, Middle French, French regional melle (c1180; compare medle n.), mesle (early 14th cent.; compare medle n.), Old French, Middle French, French †mesple (13th cent.; French regional mèple), Middle French medle (15th cent.), Middle French, French regional merle (15th cent.), French regional mepole. A post-classical Latin form nespula (by dissimilation of labial consonants) is represented by Old French, Middle French, French †nesple (a1105; French regional nèple), Old French, Middle French nesfle, nefle (13th cent.; French nèfle, now the standard form), Old Occitan nespola (c1300; Occitan nesplo), Catalan nespla (1268), nespra (?16th cent.), Italian nespola (c1350; also nespolo medlar tree (c1350)), Spanish níspero (1106 in forms nêšporo, nyêšporo), níspola (1436 in form niespla), Portuguese nêspera (16th cent. in form nespora). Historically, forms in n- have predominated in the languages and dialects of southern and eastern France, Italy, and Iberia (but compare Occitan (Gascon) mespla, Spanish regional (northern) míspero, Basque mizpira). Post-classical Latin forms in both m- and n- were borrowed into the Germanic languages, compare Middle Dutch mespele, mispele (Dutch mispel), Old Saxon mispila (Middle Low German mispel), Old High German mespila, mispel, nespila, nespel (Middle High German mispel, nespel, German Mispel), Icelandic mispill (18th cent.; < Danish), Swedish mispel (16th cent.; compare also early modern Swedish nespel), Danish mispel. The languages of eastern Europe display forms variously adopted from the classical languages, via Germanic or Romance, as e.g. Polish myszpuła, niesplik, nieszpuła, Czech mišpule, †nyšpule, Latvian mespils, Hungarian naspolya, or via Ottoman Turkish (compare Turkish muşmula), as e.g. Russian mušmula (earlier †musmala), Serbian mušmula, Albanian mushmollë, Romanian moşmoană.

Obsolete.

The fruit of the medlar tree ( Mespilus germanica), a medlar; (also) the tree itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > medlar

medlec1330

mespila1398

medlara1425

azarole1658

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 244 Þe sauour þerof is bytyng and somdel sour as þe sauour [of] mespiles [L. mespilorum].

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 92 I medle to hem in her mete stiptic fruytez, as ar citonia..& mespilez [L. nespille].

1500 N. Bollard tr. Godfredus (BL Sloane MS 686) f. 19^v Of mespiles v. medlers.

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xxxvi^v Wyld peres, medlers or myspylles [L. mespilorum; 1560, 1565 mispylles].

1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 97^v Dendromirts, Mespils [It. Mespili (1499)], and Sorbis, with diuers other fruitfull trees.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	mespil
释义	† mespiln. Forms: Middle English–1500s mespil, 1500s mespylle, 1500s mispill, 1500s mispylle, 1500s myspylle. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mespilum, mespila. Etymology: < classical Latin mespilum medlar, mespila medlar tree, respectively < ancient Greek μέσπιλον medlar, Hellenistic Greek μεσπίλη medlar tree; further etymology unknown. Compare mespilus n., mesple n., mesplier n., medle n., medlar n., naseberry n., nespola n.In classical Latin and early post-classical Latin mespilum (neuter) usually denotes the fruit and mespila (feminine) usually denotes the tree, although there are a few passages where the neuter denotes the tree, and the feminine the fruit. In medieval usage the distinction seems to become less clear, and the form mespilus (feminine) is also recorded from around the 5th cent. (in Palladius). Post-classical Latin mespilum , mespila gave rise to a variety of forms in French, compare Old French, Middle French, French regional melle (c1180; compare medle n.), mesle (early 14th cent.; compare medle n.), Old French, Middle French, French †mesple (13th cent.; French regional mèple), Middle French medle (15th cent.), Middle French, French regional merle (15th cent.), French regional mepole. A post-classical Latin form nespula (by dissimilation of labial consonants) is represented by Old French, Middle French, French †nesple (a1105; French regional nèple), Old French, Middle French nesfle, nefle (13th cent.; French nèfle, now the standard form), Old Occitan nespola (c1300; Occitan nesplo), Catalan nespla (1268), nespra (?16th cent.), Italian nespola (c1350; also nespolo medlar tree (c1350)), Spanish níspero (1106 in forms nêšporo, nyêšporo), níspola (1436 in form niespla), Portuguese nêspera (16th cent. in form nespora). Historically, forms in n- have predominated in the languages and dialects of southern and eastern France, Italy, and Iberia (but compare Occitan (Gascon) mespla, Spanish regional (northern) míspero, Basque mizpira). Post-classical Latin forms in both m- and n- were borrowed into the Germanic languages, compare Middle Dutch mespele, mispele (Dutch mispel), Old Saxon mispila (Middle Low German mispel), Old High German mespila, mispel, nespila, nespel (Middle High German mispel, nespel, German Mispel), Icelandic mispill (18th cent.; < Danish), Swedish mispel (16th cent.; compare also early modern Swedish nespel), Danish mispel. The languages of eastern Europe display forms variously adopted from the classical languages, via Germanic or Romance, as e.g. Polish myszpuła, niesplik, nieszpuła, Czech mišpule, †nyšpule, Latvian mespils, Hungarian naspolya, or via Ottoman Turkish (compare Turkish muşmula), as e.g. Russian mušmula (earlier †musmala), Serbian mušmula, Albanian mushmollë, Romanian moşmoană. Obsolete. The fruit of the medlar tree ( Mespilus germanica), a medlar; (also) the tree itself. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > medlar medlec1330 mespila1398 medlara1425 azarole1658 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 244 Þe sauour þerof is bytyng and somdel sour as þe sauour [of] mespiles [L. mespilorum]. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 92 I medle to hem in her mete stiptic fruytez, as ar citonia..& mespilez [L. nespille]. 1500 N. Bollard tr. Godfredus (BL Sloane MS 686) f. 19^v Of mespiles v. medlers. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xxxvi^v Wyld peres, medlers or myspylles [L. mespilorum; 1560, 1565 mispylles]. 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 97^v Dendromirts, Mespils [It. Mespili (1499)], and Sorbis, with diuers other fruitfull trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.a1398
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