menstruumn.

Brit.

/ˈmɛnstrʊəm/, U.S.

/ˈmɛnstr(əw)əm/

Inflections: Plural menstrua Brit.

/ˈmɛnstrʊə/, U.S.

/ˈmɛnstr(əw)ə/, menstruums.

Forms: Middle English– menstruum, 1600s menstrum.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mēnstruum, mēnstruus.

Etymology: < classical Latin mēnstruum menstrual discharge (usually in plural: see note), in post-classical Latin also solvent (a1490 in Ripley: compare quot. a1550 at menstrue n. 2), use as noun of neuter of mēnstruus monthly < mēnstr- ( < mensis month (see menses n.), with stem analogous to that of bimēnstris lasting two months) + -uus, suffix forming adjectives (probably after annuus annual). Compare Italian menstruo (14th cent.), Spanish menstruo (1490 as adjective, 1555 as noun).In classical Latin the plural mēnstrua is the form generally used to denote menstrual discharge, probably after ancient Greek καταμήνια, plural (see catamenia n.): hence the use of this form in quots. at sense 1a. (In post-classical Latin menstrua is occasionally interpreted as feminine singular (from late 4th cent.), which gives rise to a feminine plural menstruae (from 5th cent.).) Sense 2 originated in the use of sexual and reproductive imagery in alchemy, following any of a number of theories about the role of menstruum in human conception prevalent among medieval natural philosophers and medical writers.

a. In singular and plural. The menstrual discharge; the menses. Also in extended use (see quot. 1933). Now rare or historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun]

monthlyeOE

menstruuma1398

flowerc1400

menstrue?a1425

women's evilc1450

menstruosity1503

courses1563

monthly time1564

reds1568

month courses1574

purgation1577

women's courses1577

month1578

menses1597

menstruals1598

flourish1606

nature1607

fluors1621

mois1662

period1690

catamenia1764

turn1819

visitor1980

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 60^v Þe..superfluyte hatte menstruum, for it folweþ in þe cours of þe moneþ.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 104^v Ȝif it [sc. an aposteme] begynne in þe taillende, þu schalt neuer prouoke menstrua.

1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Aiii An ounce therof dronke at nyght causeth women to have her flowres named menstruum.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 222 The Maids are not to be married, till their Menstrua or natural purgation testifie their abilitie for Conception.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 127 A Tree touched with the Menstrua will lose its leaves.

1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 81 Her menstrua being very plentiful were for some time very beneficial to her, by causing a great diminution of blood.

1933 C. S. Lewis Pilgrim's Regress iii. viii. 68 If the meal were eggs he would recall to them that they were eating the menstruum of a verminous fowl.

1957 Nature 30 Nov. 1198/2 A plain-muscle stimulant in the menstruum.

2000 Gynecol. & Obstetr. Invest. 50 13 Menstruum was collected with a menstrual cup.

b. A nutritive or formative medium, a matrix; spec. menstrual blood as the matter from which an embryo is formed, or as its nutritive medium. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun] > as nourishment of fetus

menstruum1650

1650 T. Vaughan Anima Magica 10 The third [leading Principle] is a certaine oleous æthereall water: this is menstruum, & Matrix Mundi, for in it all things are framed and preserved.

1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 53 The Discovery and Application of what may be this proper Menstruum wherein each Seed most rejoyceth in.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iii. iii. 264 The Semina..of the greater Animals required a..more effectual preparation of the Matter, or a Menstruum for their production out of those Semina.

1977 Speculum 52 987 The female menstruum, he believed, and not the female seed is alone in providing the matter of the embryo, and the male seed imparts form to this matter.

a. Originally: a solvent, esp. one for dissolving metal in the attempt to convert base metals into gold (now historical). Later also: a liquid used as a vehicle; a liquid medium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [noun] > solvent

menstruea1550

menstruum1559

dissolvent1646

dissolver1651

solvent1671

resolvent1678

solutive1712

diluter1718

diluent1775

1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 291 After the metalles shall be dissolued set them to be destilled in a fire of the first degree, and the Menstruum shall issue forthe, and the lime or pouder of y^e metal shal remaine in the bottome.

1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. E3^v Take your Lutum sapientis, Your Menstruum simplex . ]

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 213 If the vehicle or menstrum you giue it [sc. medicine] in be also good.

a1626 F. Bacon Art. Enq. Metals in Sylva (1664) 226 We are to enquire, what is the proper Menstruum to dissolve any Metall?.. And what severall Menstrua will dissolve any Metall?

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 53 Powerfull menstruums are made for its emolition [sc. of crystal] .

1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2210 Dissolving Salts, Mettals, &c. in liquid Menstruum's.

1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 33 A principal menstruum in doing this, I take to be that liquor, which is discharged by the glands..called salival.

1722 W. Cheselden Anat. Humane Body (ed. 2) iii. iv. 133 Digestion..made..by Attrition, or a Menstruum, or Fermentation.

1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 95 The most effectual menstruum of gold is a mixture..called aqua regia.

1796 S. Vince Princ. Hydrostat. v. 61 Solids are supposed to be dissolved in menstruums.

1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 72 I have given up the employment of alcohol as a menstruum for amyl nitrite in angina.

1898 Rev. Brit. Pharmacy 33 Moisten the drug with the prescribed quantity of the menstruum.

1927 Bot. Gaz. 83 140 The electrophoretic potential difference between the organism and the suspending menstruum.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) vi. 56 The following points require close attention in the examination of any disinfection process:..(e) the menstruum in which the reaction is taking place.

1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. v. 188/2 Protoplasts can be maintained in a living condition by placing them in a suitable stabilizing menstruum such as..sucrose.

1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities xxviii. 184 The same liquid had served Claude in metalwork, as a menstruum for dissolving silver.

2000 Jrnl. Food Protection 63 779 The heat resistance of Salmonella is highly influenced by the..heating menstruum.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 406 Death is a preparing Deliquium, or melting us down into a Menstruum, fit for the Chymistry of the Resurrection to work on.

1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 210 This Union will not last always, Death that Universal Menstruum will dissolve it.

1772 S. Neville Diary 20 Nov. (1950) ix. 190 Got some money I did not expect at this time. I wish I may always have a supply of that necessary menstruum.

1797 S. T. Coleridge Let. 9 June (1956) I. 326 That universal menstruum of apologies, my indolence.

1863 J. G. Holland Lett. to Joneses xxi. 304 In overflowing animal spirits is to be found..the menstruum of all social materials.

1890 Illustr. London News 26 Apr. 535/3 Paradoxes..are menstruums of friendship, they disintegrate regard.

1907 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 17 149 The primary characteristic..of the moral life, the menstruum within which it takes on definite form and feature, is its social quality.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	menstruum
释义	menstruumn. Brit. /ˈmɛnstrʊəm/, U.S. /ˈmɛnstr(əw)əm/ Inflections: Plural menstrua Brit. /ˈmɛnstrʊə/, U.S. /ˈmɛnstr(əw)ə/, menstruums. Forms: Middle English– menstruum, 1600s menstrum. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin mēnstruum, mēnstruus. Etymology: < classical Latin mēnstruum menstrual discharge (usually in plural: see note), in post-classical Latin also solvent (a1490 in Ripley: compare quot. a1550 at menstrue n. 2), use as noun of neuter of mēnstruus monthly < mēnstr- ( < mensis month (see menses n.), with stem analogous to that of bimēnstris lasting two months) + -uus, suffix forming adjectives (probably after annuus annual). Compare Italian menstruo (14th cent.), Spanish menstruo (1490 as adjective, 1555 as noun).In classical Latin the plural mēnstrua is the form generally used to denote menstrual discharge, probably after ancient Greek καταμήνια, plural (see catamenia n.): hence the use of this form in quots. at sense 1a. (In post-classical Latin menstrua is occasionally interpreted as feminine singular (from late 4th cent.), which gives rise to a feminine plural menstruae (from 5th cent.).) Sense 2 originated in the use of sexual and reproductive imagery in alchemy, following any of a number of theories about the role of menstruum in human conception prevalent among medieval natural philosophers and medical writers. 1. a. In singular and plural. The menstrual discharge; the menses. Also in extended use (see quot. 1933). Now rare or historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun] monthlyeOE menstruuma1398 flowerc1400 menstrue?a1425 women's evilc1450 menstruosity1503 courses1563 monthly time1564 reds1568 month courses1574 purgation1577 women's courses1577 month1578 menses1597 menstruals1598 flourish1606 nature1607 fluors1621 mois1662 period1690 catamenia1764 turn1819 visitor1980 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 60^v Þe..superfluyte hatte menstruum, for it folweþ in þe cours of þe moneþ. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 104^v Ȝif it [sc. an aposteme] begynne in þe taillende, þu schalt neuer prouoke menstrua. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Aiii An ounce therof dronke at nyght causeth women to have her flowres named menstruum. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 222 The Maids are not to be married, till their Menstrua or natural purgation testifie their abilitie for Conception. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 127 A Tree touched with the Menstrua will lose its leaves. 1766 Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 81 Her menstrua being very plentiful were for some time very beneficial to her, by causing a great diminution of blood. 1933 C. S. Lewis Pilgrim's Regress iii. viii. 68 If the meal were eggs he would recall to them that they were eating the menstruum of a verminous fowl. 1957 Nature 30 Nov. 1198/2 A plain-muscle stimulant in the menstruum. 2000 Gynecol. & Obstetr. Invest. 50 13 Menstruum was collected with a menstrual cup. b. A nutritive or formative medium, a matrix; spec. menstrual blood as the matter from which an embryo is formed, or as its nutritive medium. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun] > as nourishment of fetus menstruum1650 1650 T. Vaughan Anima Magica 10 The third [leading Principle] is a certaine oleous æthereall water: this is menstruum, & Matrix Mundi, for in it all things are framed and preserved. 1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ 53 The Discovery and Application of what may be this proper Menstruum wherein each Seed most rejoyceth in. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iii. iii. 264 The Semina..of the greater Animals required a..more effectual preparation of the Matter, or a Menstruum for their production out of those Semina. 1977 Speculum 52 987 The female menstruum, he believed, and not the female seed is alone in providing the matter of the embryo, and the male seed imparts form to this matter. 2. a. Originally: a solvent, esp. one for dissolving metal in the attempt to convert base metals into gold (now historical). Later also: a liquid used as a vehicle; a liquid medium. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > making or becoming liquid > action or process of dissolving > [noun] > solvent menstruea1550 menstruum1559 dissolvent1646 dissolver1651 solvent1671 resolvent1678 solutive1712 diluter1718 diluent1775 1559 P. Morwyng tr. C. Gesner Treasure of Euonymus 291 After the metalles shall be dissolued set them to be destilled in a fire of the first degree, and the Menstruum shall issue forthe, and the lime or pouder of y^e metal shal remaine in the bottome. 1612 B. Jonson Alchemist ii. iii. sig. E3^v Take your Lutum sapientis, Your Menstruum simplex . View more context for this quotation] 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 213 If the vehicle or menstrum you giue it [sc. medicine] in be also good. a1626 F. Bacon Art. Enq. Metals in Sylva (1664) 226 We are to enquire, what is the proper Menstruum to dissolve any Metall?.. And what severall Menstrua will dissolve any Metall? 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 53 Powerfull menstruums are made for its emolition [sc. of crystal] . View more context for this quotation 1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2210 Dissolving Salts, Mettals, &c. in liquid Menstruum's. 1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 33 A principal menstruum in doing this, I take to be that liquor, which is discharged by the glands..called salival. 1722 W. Cheselden Anat. Humane Body (ed. 2) iii. iv. 133 Digestion..made..by Attrition, or a Menstruum, or Fermentation. 1763 W. Lewis Commercium Philosophico-technicum 95 The most effectual menstruum of gold is a mixture..called aqua regia. 1796 S. Vince Princ. Hydrostat. v. 61 Solids are supposed to be dissolved in menstruums. 1881 Med. Temp. Jrnl. 72 I have given up the employment of alcohol as a menstruum for amyl nitrite in angina. 1898 Rev. Brit. Pharmacy 33 Moisten the drug with the prescribed quantity of the menstruum. 1927 Bot. Gaz. 83 140 The electrophoretic potential difference between the organism and the suspending menstruum. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) vi. 56 The following points require close attention in the examination of any disinfection process:..(e) the menstruum in which the reaction is taking place. 1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. v. 188/2 Protoplasts can be maintained in a living condition by placing them in a suitable stabilizing menstruum such as..sucrose. 1992 A. Kurzweil Case of Curiosities xxviii. 184 The same liquid had served Claude in metalwork, as a menstruum for dissolving silver. 2000 Jrnl. Food Protection 63 779 The heat resistance of Salmonella is highly influenced by the..heating menstruum. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 406 Death is a preparing Deliquium, or melting us down into a Menstruum, fit for the Chymistry of the Resurrection to work on. 1693 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. III. 210 This Union will not last always, Death that Universal Menstruum will dissolve it. 1772 S. Neville Diary 20 Nov. (1950) ix. 190 Got some money I did not expect at this time. I wish I may always have a supply of that necessary menstruum. 1797 S. T. Coleridge Let. 9 June (1956) I. 326 That universal menstruum of apologies, my indolence. 1863 J. G. Holland Lett. to Joneses xxi. 304 In overflowing animal spirits is to be found..the menstruum of all social materials. 1890 Illustr. London News 26 Apr. 535/3 Paradoxes..are menstruums of friendship, they disintegrate regard. 1907 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 17 149 The primary characteristic..of the moral life, the menstruum within which it takes on definite form and feature, is its social quality. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398
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