† menskn.

Forms: Middle English menke, Middle English mensc, Middle English mensca, Middle English mensce, Middle English menske, Middle English meske, Middle English meusk (transmission error), Middle English meuske (transmission error), Middle English–1500s mensk; Scottish pre-1700 menske. See also mense n.¹

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mennska humanity: see mannish n.). Compare mense n.¹The forms menke and meske probably show simplification of the consonant cluster rather than scribal error.

Obsolete.

a. As a mass noun: honour, dignity, reverence. Also in plural in same sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [noun]

worthnesseOE

oreeOE

manshipc1175

honoura1200

menskc1225

credit1587

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 322 (MED) Þus feole priuileges schawið..Hwucche beoð þer meiðnes & sundrið ham from þe oðre wið þus feole mensken.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 85 Mid more menke not ich none ancre.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 2535 Ah fourti wintre heore fader..mid mensca heold his riche.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2118 (MED) More menske were it to þe Better for to do.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4245 (MED) Putifer..held ioseph in mensk and are.

c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 1423 If..we foure kempys agayne one knyght, Littill menske wold to vs lighte.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 621 Men sall se Quha lufis the kyngis mensk to-day!

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 209 Mensk be to this meneye.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 I maid that wif carll to werk all womenis werkis, And laid all manly materis and mensk in this eird.

1509 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 3 Ȝe shall have moch menske thereof.

b. An honour, a credit, an ornament. Frequently with of.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [noun] > conferring of honour > an) honour(s) or distinction

worshipOE

mensk?c1225

pre-eminence1433

honoura1500

pre-eminency1555

a feather in the cap, hat1581

garland1591

honorarium1609

honorary1610

blushing honours1623

signal1655

gayness1670

honourability1694

honourable mention1797

special mention1886

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 202 A mid þe menske of þi neb þet is þe feȝereste del..ne berest þu as twa priuees þurles.

a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 281 (MED) Þu..menske art of al mon kin.

c1440 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Thornton) (1965) 132 In dedis of armis ferre or nere Þe gre he wynnes wyth iornaye clere, Oure menske for euir and aye.

2. Humanity, kindness; graciousness, courtesy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness

esteOE

heldOE

menska1250

nighsomenessa1400

benisonc1450

graciosity1477

buxomnessc1503

suavity1508

gratitude?a1513

gratuity1523

graciousness1532

handsomeness1577

propitiousness1593

gracefulness1640

well-beteemingness1642

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > humaneness

menska1250

manhead1340

humanityc1384

manlinessc1384

manhooda1425

mankind1605

humaneness1729

humanitarianism1850

a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 269 Summe menske and mildeschipe and debonairte.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 313 Moch is þi mercy & þi miȝt, þi menske, & þi grace!

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 163 A mayden of menske, ful debonere.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2410 (MED) & he ȝelde hit yow ȝare þat ȝarkkez al menskes.

c1440 Sir Degrevant (Thornton) (1949) 83 (MED) He louede almous-dede, Poure folke for to fede With menske and with manhede.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† menskadj.

Forms: Middle English menseke (probably transmission error), Middle English mensk, Middle English menske.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mennskr human (Icelandic mennskur ): see mannish adj.). Compare mensk n.

Obsolete.

Honourable, worshipful, beautiful.In quot. c1400 used ironically.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [adjective]

faireOE

wortheOE

worthlyeOE

worthfulOE

menskful?c1225

toldc1275

digne1297

of price?a1300

worshiply1340

worthya1350

menska1375

thriftyc1374

worshipfula1375

worthilya1375

honesta1382

honourablec1384

unshamedc1384

sada1387

of reputationc1390

well-nameda1393

reverent1398

worthy (worshipful, wise) in wanea1400

celebrable?c1400

honouredc1400

worshipablec1425

substantialc1449

undefameda1450

unreviled?1457

honorousa1500

reputed?1532

well-thought-ona1533

well-spoken1539

credible1543

undespised?1548

imitable1550

famous1555

undistained1565

undefame1578

untarred1579

well-reputed1583

unsoiledc1592

dishonourless1595

well-deemed1595

nameworthy1598

regardful1600

indisgraced1606

credenta1616

undishonoureda1616

unscandalized1618

unscandalous1618

unslandered1622

untainted1627

dignousa1636

undisparaged1636

considerable1641

unbranded1641

glorifiable1651

reputable1671

unsullied1743

unstigmatized1778

undisgraced1812

unstained1863

well-thought-of1865

uncompromised1882

scandal-proof1904

cred1987

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3900 (MED) More mensk it is manliche to deie þan for to fle couwarli.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 964 A mensk lady on molde mon may hir calle..Hir body watz schort & þik [etc.].

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1746 (MED) Mare menseke is a man to meke him be tyme, þan eftir made to be meke malegreue his chekis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† menskv.

Forms: Middle English menk, Middle English mensh, Middle English mensk, Middle English meske, Middle English–1500s menske; Scottish pre-1700 mensk, pre-1700 menske.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mensk n.

Etymology: < mensk n. Compare mense v.For forms menk and meske see etymological note s.v. mensk n. The form mensh is perhaps after α forms of mannish adj. and adv.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To reverence, honour; to dignify, grace, favour (with gifts, etc.); to help, save.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)]

wortheOE

i-worthOE

menskc1225

athelec1275

aworthyc1275

honoura1325

furtherc1374

honesta1382

worship1389

gloryc1400

dignifya1530

worthy1532

endue1565

enhonour1571

to do (a person or thing) the honour?1572

deign1579

honorify1606

famous1622

blazon1815

to do a person proud1819

c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 5 (MED) He hire walde menskin wið al þet he mahte.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. 177 (MED) For ȝit I may, as I mihte, menske [v.rr. manschippyn, mylde, auaunce] þe wiþ ȝiftes.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2432 (MED) Þe king..commaunded thoru-out al his land Men suld him mensk and hald in hand.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 141 (MED) Þe abyt þat þou hatz upon, no halyday hit menskez.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 82 Mahowne the menske, my lord kyng.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^v Hym to mensk on mold withoutin manance.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1855 Send hom þat semly þat I sew fore, That he may menske hur with mariage.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 227^v In bour is no so brycht..As is that hendly hycht menskyt with all honour.

2. transitive. To adorn; to render graceful.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament

dightc1200

begoa1225

fay?c1225

rustc1275

duba1300

shrouda1300

adorna1325

flourishc1325

apparel1366

depaintc1374

dressa1375

raila1375

anorna1382

orna1382

honourc1390

paintc1390

pare1393

garnisha1400

mensk?a1400

apykec1400

hightlec1400

overfretc1440

exornc1450

embroider1460

repair1484

empare1490

ornate1490

bedo?a1500

purfle?a1500

glorify?1504

betrap1509

broider1509

deck?1521

likelya1522

to set forth1530

exornate1539

grace1548

adornate1550

fardc1550

gaud1554

pink1558

bedeck1559

tight1572

begaud1579

embellish1579

bepounce1582

parela1586

flower1587

ornify1590

illustrate1592

tinsel1594

formalize1595

adore1596

suborn1596

trapper1597

condecorate1599

diamondize1600

furnish1600

enrich1601

mense1602

prank1605

overgreen1609

crown1611

enjewel1611

broocha1616

varnish1641

ornament1650

array1652

bedub1657

bespangle1675

irradiate1717

gem1747

begem1749

redeck1771

blazon1813

aggrace1825

diamond1839

panoply1851

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 12140 To mensk it [sc. a cloak] þer it was wane.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 153 (MED) A mere mantile abof, mensked with-inne With pelure pured apert.

c1480 (a1400) St. Margaret 525 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 62 One þe morne, quhen sown was brycht, þat menskis al þe warld of lycht [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

n.c1225

adj.a1375

v.c1225

单词	mensk
释义	† menskn. Forms: Middle English menke, Middle English mensc, Middle English mensca, Middle English mensce, Middle English menske, Middle English meske, Middle English meusk (transmission error), Middle English meuske (transmission error), Middle English–1500s mensk; Scottish pre-1700 menske. See also mense n.¹ Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mennska humanity: see mannish n.). Compare mense n.¹The forms menke and meske probably show simplification of the consonant cluster rather than scribal error. Obsolete. 1. a. As a mass noun: honour, dignity, reverence. Also in plural in same sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [noun] worthnesseOE oreeOE manshipc1175 honoura1200 menskc1225 credit1587 c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 322 (MED) Þus feole priuileges schawið..Hwucche beoð þer meiðnes & sundrið ham from þe oðre wið þus feole mensken. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 85 Mid more menke not ich none ancre. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 2535 Ah fourti wintre heore fader..mid mensca heold his riche. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 2118 (MED) More menske were it to þe Better for to do. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 4245 (MED) Putifer..held ioseph in mensk and are. c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) 1423 If..we foure kempys agayne one knyght, Littill menske wold to vs lighte. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 621 Men sall se Quha lufis the kyngis mensk to-day! a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 209 Mensk be to this meneye. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 I maid that wif carll to werk all womenis werkis, And laid all manly materis and mensk in this eird. 1509 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 3 Ȝe shall have moch menske thereof. b. An honour, a credit, an ornament. Frequently with of. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > [noun] > conferring of honour > an) honour(s) or distinction worshipOE mensk?c1225 pre-eminence1433 honoura1500 pre-eminency1555 a feather in the cap, hat1581 garland1591 honorarium1609 honorary1610 blushing honours1623 signal1655 gayness1670 honourability1694 honourable mention1797 special mention1886 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 202 A mid þe menske of þi neb þet is þe feȝereste del..ne berest þu as twa priuees þurles. a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 281 (MED) Þu..menske art of al mon kin. c1440 (a1400) Sir Eglamour (Thornton) (1965) 132 In dedis of armis ferre or nere Þe gre he wynnes wyth iornaye clere, Oure menske for euir and aye. 2. Humanity, kindness; graciousness, courtesy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > graciousness esteOE heldOE menska1250 nighsomenessa1400 benisonc1450 graciosity1477 buxomnessc1503 suavity1508 gratitude?a1513 gratuity1523 graciousness1532 handsomeness1577 propitiousness1593 gracefulness1640 well-beteemingness1642 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > [noun] > humaneness menska1250 manhead1340 humanityc1384 manlinessc1384 manhooda1425 mankind1605 humaneness1729 humanitarianism1850 a1250 Wohunge ure Lauerd in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 269 Summe menske and mildeschipe and debonairte. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 313 Moch is þi mercy & þi miȝt, þi menske, & þi grace! c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 163 A mayden of menske, ful debonere. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2410 (MED) & he ȝelde hit yow ȝare þat ȝarkkez al menskes. c1440 Sir Degrevant (Thornton) (1949) 83 (MED) He louede almous-dede, Poure folke for to fede With menske and with manhede. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † menskadj. Forms: Middle English menseke (probably transmission error), Middle English mensk, Middle English menske. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic mennskr human (Icelandic mennskur ): see mannish adj.). Compare mensk n. Obsolete. Honourable, worshipful, beautiful.In quot. c1400 used ironically. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > reputability or honourableness > [adjective] faireOE wortheOE worthlyeOE worthfulOE menskful?c1225 toldc1275 digne1297 of price?a1300 worshiply1340 worthya1350 menska1375 thriftyc1374 worshipfula1375 worthilya1375 honesta1382 honourablec1384 unshamedc1384 sada1387 of reputationc1390 well-nameda1393 reverent1398 worthy (worshipful, wise) in wanea1400 celebrable?c1400 honouredc1400 worshipablec1425 substantialc1449 undefameda1450 unreviled?1457 honorousa1500 reputed?1532 well-thought-ona1533 well-spoken1539 credible1543 undespised?1548 imitable1550 famous1555 undistained1565 undefame1578 untarred1579 well-reputed1583 unsoiledc1592 dishonourless1595 well-deemed1595 nameworthy1598 regardful1600 indisgraced1606 credenta1616 undishonoureda1616 unscandalized1618 unscandalous1618 unslandered1622 untainted1627 dignousa1636 undisparaged1636 considerable1641 unbranded1641 glorifiable1651 reputable1671 unsullied1743 unstigmatized1778 undisgraced1812 unstained1863 well-thought-of1865 uncompromised1882 scandal-proof1904 cred1987 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 3900 (MED) More mensk it is manliche to deie þan for to fle couwarli. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 964 A mensk lady on molde mon may hir calle..Hir body watz schort & þik [etc.]. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) 1746 (MED) Mare menseke is a man to meke him be tyme, þan eftir made to be meke malegreue his chekis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † menskv. Forms: Middle English menk, Middle English mensh, Middle English mensk, Middle English meske, Middle English–1500s menske; Scottish pre-1700 mensk, pre-1700 menske. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mensk n. Etymology: < mensk n. Compare mense v.For forms menk and meske see etymological note s.v. mensk n. The form mensh is perhaps after α forms of mannish adj. and adv. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To reverence, honour; to dignify, grace, favour (with gifts, etc.); to help, save. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > honour > give honour to [verb (transitive)] wortheOE i-worthOE menskc1225 athelec1275 aworthyc1275 honoura1325 furtherc1374 honesta1382 worship1389 gloryc1400 dignifya1530 worthy1532 endue1565 enhonour1571 to do (a person or thing) the honour?1572 deign1579 honorify1606 famous1622 blazon1815 to do a person proud1819 c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 5 (MED) He hire walde menskin wið al þet he mahte. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. iii. 177 (MED) For ȝit I may, as I mihte, menske [v.rr. manschippyn, mylde, auaunce] þe wiþ ȝiftes. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2432 (MED) Þe king..commaunded thoru-out al his land Men suld him mensk and hald in hand. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 141 (MED) Þe abyt þat þou hatz upon, no halyday hit menskez. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1897–1973) 82 Mahowne the menske, my lord kyng. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. bii^v Hym to mensk on mold withoutin manance. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 1855 Send hom þat semly þat I sew fore, That he may menske hur with mariage. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS f. 227^v In bour is no so brycht..As is that hendly hycht menskyt with all honour. 2. transitive. To adorn; to render graceful. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament dightc1200 begoa1225 fay?c1225 rustc1275 duba1300 shrouda1300 adorna1325 flourishc1325 apparel1366 depaintc1374 dressa1375 raila1375 anorna1382 orna1382 honourc1390 paintc1390 pare1393 garnisha1400 mensk?a1400 apykec1400 hightlec1400 overfretc1440 exornc1450 embroider1460 repair1484 empare1490 ornate1490 bedo?a1500 purfle?a1500 glorify?1504 betrap1509 broider1509 deck?1521 likelya1522 to set forth1530 exornate1539 grace1548 adornate1550 fardc1550 gaud1554 pink1558 bedeck1559 tight1572 begaud1579 embellish1579 bepounce1582 parela1586 flower1587 ornify1590 illustrate1592 tinsel1594 formalize1595 adore1596 suborn1596 trapper1597 condecorate1599 diamondize1600 furnish1600 enrich1601 mense1602 prank1605 overgreen1609 crown1611 enjewel1611 broocha1616 varnish1641 ornament1650 array1652 bedub1657 bespangle1675 irradiate1717 gem1747 begem1749 redeck1771 blazon1813 aggrace1825 diamond1839 panoply1851 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) i. 12140 To mensk it [sc. a cloak] þer it was wane. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 153 (MED) A mere mantile abof, mensked with-inne With pelure pured apert. c1480 (a1400) St. Margaret 525 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 62 One þe morne, quhen sown was brycht, þat menskis al þe warld of lycht [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.c1225adj.a1375v.c1225
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