meniscusn.

Brit.

/mᵻˈnɪskəs/, U.S.

/məˈnɪskəs/

Inflections: Plural menisci, meniscuses, meniscusses.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek μηνίσκος.

Etymology: < ancient Greek μηνίσκος crescent (in Hellenistic Greek also the crescent moon) < μήνη moon (see month n.¹) + -ίσκος, diminutive suffix.In sense 2 after post-classical Latin meniscus (1611 in Kepler) or French ménisque (1671 in this sense); in sense 4 after French ménisque (1823 in this sense).

1. A figure or object shaped like a crescent moon; (occasionally) the crescent moon itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > phase > [noun] > crescent moon

crescent1530

increscent1572

quarter moon1601

meniscus1686

sharp moon1686

sickle-moon1876

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > lune

lunula?a1560

lunular1570

lune1704

lunule1737

meniscus1817

1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 1202 A brass Lunula, or Meniscus.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Meniscus, a little Moon.

1817 H. T. Colebrooke tr. Bhāskara Āchārya in Algebra 96 A lunule or meniscus.

1881 A. D. Kingston tr. J. Verne Tigers & Traitors v. 89 Thus the meniscus..shed a few faint beams after midnight.

1885 H. W. Watson & S. H. Burbury Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. I. 117 Instead of the figure formed by the two external segments, we may take..the meniscus formed by one internal and one external segment.

1966 W. Percy Last Gentleman 338 There was a meniscus of snow on the black mountainside.

2. Optics. A lens that is convex on one side and concave on the other; spec. a convexo-concave lens, which is crescent-shaped in cross-section, with its greatest thickness in the middle, and causes light rays to converge (in contrast to a concavo-convex one, which is thinnest in the middle and causes light rays to diverge).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses

concave1632

globe1653

meniscus1693

hemispherule1696

convex1705

omphaloptic1728

omphalopter1738

crown lens1764

achromatic1785

condenser1798

meniscus lens1820

Fresnel lens1835

bull's-eye1839

Stanhope lens1850

spot lens1860

amplifier1866

achromat1873

projectora1884

aplanat1890

triplet condenser1892

Aldis lens1902

monocentric1922

Schmidt correcting plate1934

coated lens1948

Panavision1955

Schmidt correcting lens1961

re-imaging1962

1693 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 969 In a Meniscus the Concave side towards the Object encreases the focal length, but the Convex towards the Object diminishes it.

1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xiii. 89 [I]nfinitely thin meniscusses do not sensibly change the course of the rays of light.

a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1419/1 The meniscus differs from the concavo-convex lens, whose convex face has a curve of greater radius.

1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight vii. 99 The periscopic glass is what opticians call a meniscus. One surface is convex and the other concave, according as one or the other of these surfaces has the sharper curvature.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 425/1 The relation of the principal points to the vertices is also the same as in the meniscus.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 452/1 A similar correction of the principal defects of the paraboloidal reflector can be obtained by replacing the thin Schmidt correcting plate with a weakly diverging meniscus.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 927/2 A divided meniscus is used in the super-Schmidt camera.

3. The convex or concave upper surface of a body of liquid resulting from the effects of surface tension and capillarity where the surface meets the walls of a container.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > [noun] > parts or elements > surface > of a liquid column

meniscus1812

1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. 180 The little meniscus of water..which terminates the column.

1876 Rep. Explor. Great Basin Utah (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) 171 The meniscus of [barometer] No. 1062 was now 0.024 inch high.

1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat i. 1 The judgment of the coincidence of two lines, say..the tangent to a mercury meniscus and the 98.4° F. division of a clinical thermometer.

1967 Times Rev. Industry June 85/2 The fluid..is dyed orange-red and is said to give a clear and free-moving meniscus.

1993 P. O'Brian Wine-dark Sea v. 104 It has already reached twenty-nine inches and it is still falling: look at the meniscus.

4. Anatomy. Any of the crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures situated between the articular surfaces of certain joints, such as the knee; also called semilunar cartilage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > types of cartilage > [noun]

meniscus1830

sesamoid1854

meniscoid1950

1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 239 The menisci, or interarticular ligaments.

1877 C. H. Burnett Ear 74 The articulation between the malleus and incus is a true joint, in which is found a meniscus.

1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 347 The two horns of the lateral meniscus are embraced by the two horns of the medial meniscus.

1966 Lancet 31 Dec. 1455/1 A localised deposit was commonly found at one end of a meniscus, which was rough over it.

1991 Pulse 6 Apr. 61/2 Before arthroscopy, the menisci were blamed for most knee problems.

†5. Zoology. Either of two fluid-filled invaginations near the proboscis of a thorny-headed worm; a lemniscus. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > turning inwards or inside out

inversion1565

invagination1658

introversion1796

evagination1877

meniscus1877

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals xi. 647 (caption) Meniscus.

Compounds

C1.

meniscus form n.

ΚΠ

1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 70 Seeds..meniscus-form.

1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (1881) 203 All single lenses..have the meniscus form given to them.

† meniscus glass n. Obsolete rare

ΚΠ

1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Meniscus Glasses are those which are Convex on one side, and Concave on the other.

meniscus-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 74 Specimens frequently occur in the lias, with the meniscus-shaped casts of the air-chambers loose, like a pile of watch-glasses.

C2.

meniscus lens n. = sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses

concave1632

globe1653

meniscus1693

hemispherule1696

convex1705

omphaloptic1728

omphalopter1738

crown lens1764

achromatic1785

condenser1798

meniscus lens1820

Fresnel lens1835

bull's-eye1839

Stanhope lens1850

spot lens1860

amplifier1866

achromat1873

projectora1884

aplanat1890

triplet condenser1892

Aldis lens1902

monocentric1922

Schmidt correcting plate1934

coated lens1948

Panavision1955

Schmidt correcting lens1961

re-imaging1962

1820 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 1 39 A Meniscus Lens, participates of the properties as well as the forms of both the convex and concave lenses.

1946 Nature 26 Oct. 26 583/2 The abberations of a spherical mirror are corrected by a single spherical-surfaced meniscus lens.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 927/2 All surfaces of the meniscus lenses are spherical and concentric with that of the mirror.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	meniscus
释义	meniscusn. Brit. /mᵻˈnɪskəs/, U.S. /məˈnɪskəs/ Inflections: Plural menisci, meniscuses, meniscusses. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymon: Greek μηνίσκος. Etymology: < ancient Greek μηνίσκος crescent (in Hellenistic Greek also the crescent moon) < μήνη moon (see month n.¹) + -ίσκος, diminutive suffix.In sense 2 after post-classical Latin meniscus (1611 in Kepler) or French ménisque (1671 in this sense); in sense 4 after French ménisque (1823 in this sense). 1. A figure or object shaped like a crescent moon; (occasionally) the crescent moon itself. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > moon > phase > [noun] > crescent moon crescent1530 increscent1572 quarter moon1601 meniscus1686 sharp moon1686 sickle-moon1876 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun] > two-dimensional > lune lunula?a1560 lunular1570 lune1704 lunule1737 meniscus1817 1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 1202 A brass Lunula, or Meniscus. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Meniscus, a little Moon. 1817 H. T. Colebrooke tr. Bhāskara Āchārya in Algebra 96 A lunule or meniscus. 1881 A. D. Kingston tr. J. Verne Tigers & Traitors v. 89 Thus the meniscus..shed a few faint beams after midnight. 1885 H. W. Watson & S. H. Burbury Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. I. 117 Instead of the figure formed by the two external segments, we may take..the meniscus formed by one internal and one external segment. 1966 W. Percy Last Gentleman 338 There was a meniscus of snow on the black mountainside. 2. Optics. A lens that is convex on one side and concave on the other; spec. a convexo-concave lens, which is crescent-shaped in cross-section, with its greatest thickness in the middle, and causes light rays to converge (in contrast to a concavo-convex one, which is thinnest in the middle and causes light rays to diverge). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses concave1632 globe1653 meniscus1693 hemispherule1696 convex1705 omphaloptic1728 omphalopter1738 crown lens1764 achromatic1785 condenser1798 meniscus lens1820 Fresnel lens1835 bull's-eye1839 Stanhope lens1850 spot lens1860 amplifier1866 achromat1873 projectora1884 aplanat1890 triplet condenser1892 Aldis lens1902 monocentric1922 Schmidt correcting plate1934 coated lens1948 Panavision1955 Schmidt correcting lens1961 re-imaging1962 1693 E. Halley in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 17 969 In a Meniscus the Concave side towards the Object encreases the focal length, but the Convex towards the Object diminishes it. 1794 G. Adams Lect. Nat. & Exper. Philos. II. xiii. 89 [I]nfinitely thin meniscusses do not sensibly change the course of the rays of light. a1877 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. II. 1419/1 The meniscus differs from the concavo-convex lens, whose convex face has a curve of greater radius. 1879 G. C. Harlan Eyesight vii. 99 The periscopic glass is what opticians call a meniscus. One surface is convex and the other concave, according as one or the other of these surfaces has the sharper curvature. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 425/1 The relation of the principal points to the vertices is also the same as in the meniscus. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 452/1 A similar correction of the principal defects of the paraboloidal reflector can be obtained by replacing the thin Schmidt correcting plate with a weakly diverging meniscus. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 927/2 A divided meniscus is used in the super-Schmidt camera. 3. The convex or concave upper surface of a body of liquid resulting from the effects of surface tension and capillarity where the surface meets the walls of a container. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > [noun] > parts or elements > surface > of a liquid column meniscus1812 1812 J. Playfair Outl. Nat. Philos. I. 180 The little meniscus of water..which terminates the column. 1876 Rep. Explor. Great Basin Utah (U.S. Army Corps Topogr. Engineers) 171 The meniscus of [barometer] No. 1062 was now 0.024 inch high. 1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat i. 1 The judgment of the coincidence of two lines, say..the tangent to a mercury meniscus and the 98.4° F. division of a clinical thermometer. 1967 Times Rev. Industry June 85/2 The fluid..is dyed orange-red and is said to give a clear and free-moving meniscus. 1993 P. O'Brian Wine-dark Sea v. 104 It has already reached twenty-nine inches and it is still falling: look at the meniscus. 4. Anatomy. Any of the crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures situated between the articular surfaces of certain joints, such as the knee; also called semilunar cartilage. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > cartilage > types of cartilage > [noun] meniscus1830 sesamoid1854 meniscoid1950 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 239 The menisci, or interarticular ligaments. 1877 C. H. Burnett Ear 74 The articulation between the malleus and incus is a true joint, in which is found a meniscus. 1913 Cunningham's Text-bk. Anat. (ed. 4) 347 The two horns of the lateral meniscus are embraced by the two horns of the medial meniscus. 1966 Lancet 31 Dec. 1455/1 A localised deposit was commonly found at one end of a meniscus, which was rough over it. 1991 Pulse 6 Apr. 61/2 Before arthroscopy, the menisci were blamed for most knee problems. †5. Zoology. Either of two fluid-filled invaginations near the proboscis of a thorny-headed worm; a lemniscus. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > physical arrangement or condition > [noun] > turning inwards or inside out inversion1565 invagination1658 introversion1796 evagination1877 meniscus1877 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals xi. 647 (caption) Meniscus. Compounds C1. a. meniscus form n. ΚΠ 1787 E. Darwin et al. tr. C. Linnaeus et al. Families of Plants I. 70 Seeds..meniscus-form. 1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (1881) 203 All single lenses..have the meniscus form given to them. † meniscus glass n. Obsolete rare ΚΠ 1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Meniscus Glasses are those which are Convex on one side, and Concave on the other. b. meniscus-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca i. 74 Specimens frequently occur in the lias, with the meniscus-shaped casts of the air-chambers loose, like a pile of watch-glasses. C2. meniscus lens n. = sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > other lenses concave1632 globe1653 meniscus1693 hemispherule1696 convex1705 omphaloptic1728 omphalopter1738 crown lens1764 achromatic1785 condenser1798 meniscus lens1820 Fresnel lens1835 bull's-eye1839 Stanhope lens1850 spot lens1860 amplifier1866 achromat1873 projectora1884 aplanat1890 triplet condenser1892 Aldis lens1902 monocentric1922 Schmidt correcting plate1934 coated lens1948 Panavision1955 Schmidt correcting lens1961 re-imaging1962 1820 London Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 1 39 A Meniscus Lens, participates of the properties as well as the forms of both the convex and concave lenses. 1946 Nature 26 Oct. 26 583/2 The abberations of a spherical mirror are corrected by a single spherical-surfaced meniscus lens. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 927/2 All surfaces of the meniscus lenses are spherical and concentric with that of the mirror. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1686
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