metalloidn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈmɛtəlɔɪd/,

/ˈmɛtl̩ɔɪd/, U.S.

/ˈmɛdlˌɔɪd/

Forms: 1800s metaloid, 1800s– metalloid.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: metal n., -oid suffix.

Etymology: < metal n. + -oid suffix. Compare German Metalloide (Erman & Simon 1808, in Ann. der Physik 28 347), French métalloïde (Berzelius 1811, in Jrnl. de Physique 73 258), Swedish metalloïd (Berzelius 1812, in Kongliga Vetensk. Acad. Handl. (Stockholm) 33 34). Compare metalloidal adj.Erman and Simon used the word Metalloide for the alkali and alkaline earth metals (see sense A. 2), which Berzelius considered to be metals and specifically excluded from his group of metalloids.

Chemistry.

A. n.

1. Any of a group of chemical elements having some, but not all, of the typical properties of the metals. Also called semimetal.There has never been total consensus among chemists about which elements should be considered metalloids, but typical members of the group are arsenic, silicon, germanium, and tellurium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > metalloid or semi-metal > [noun]

metalloid1808

1808 Philos. Mag. 29 373 The metaloid obtained was highly inflammable, swam in rectified naphtha, but was difficultly separated from the potash.

1813 tr. J. J. Berzelius in Ann. Philos. 2 359 In the class of combustibles which I call metalloids, I use only the initial letters. For example S = sulphur, Sn = tin.., St = antimony..etc.

1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) v. 318 And then, adverting particularly to the unmetallic substances, he [sc. Berzelius] subdivides them into three classes, namely,—1. Permanently elastic or gaseous bodies (Gazolyta)... 2ndly. Metalloids: sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, boron, and silicon. 3rdly. Salifying substances (Halogenia).

1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 476/1 The non-metallic elements are also sometimes termed metalloids, but this appellation..strictly belongs to certain elements which do not possess the properties of the true metals although they more closely resemble them than the non-metals in many respects.

1894 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. i. ii. 8 The element arsenic possesses many of the physical properties of a metal, but in its chemical relations it is more allied to the non-metals; such elements as these are often distinguished by the name metalloids.

1959 Nomencl. Inorg. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) 10 The word metalloid should not be used to denote non-metals.

1964 E. G. Rochow Organometallic Chem. (1965) ii. 10 There also are some elements which look like metals but are brittle and have the electrical properties of semiconductors; these are commonly called the metalloids.

1999 Toxicol. Sci. 49 5 While it [sc. arsenic] is known to be a human carcinogen, carcinogenesis in laboratory animals by this metalloid has never been convincingly demonstrated.

†2. An alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Metalloid, a name sometimes applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and earths.

1837 J. Phillips Treat. Geol. I. 27 The remaining substances are metallic or metalloidal. Seven of them are earthy metals or metalloids.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or of the nature of a metalloid. Also: having the form or appearance of metal. Cf. earlier metalloidal adj.

ΚΠ

1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. iv. 41 The metalloid bases of the earths and alkalies.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) iv. 86 Other metalloid compounds of the alcohol radicals.

1942 M. C. Sneed & J. L. Maynard Gen. Inorg. Chem. xlvii. 1108 The interstices in a metal lattice are small, hence only the smallest metalloid atoms, C, N, B and H, can form such compounds and solid solutions.

1980 M. Crichton Congo 207 This was a lightweight metalloid mesh, more like cloth than wire.

1998 Jrnl. Industr. Microbiol. & Biotechnol. 20 1 Bacterial plasmids encode resistance systems for toxic metal and metalloid ions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	metalloid
释义	metalloidn.adj. Brit. /ˈmɛtəlɔɪd/, /ˈmɛtl̩ɔɪd/, U.S. /ˈmɛdlˌɔɪd/ Forms: 1800s metaloid, 1800s– metalloid. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: metal n., -oid suffix. Etymology: < metal n. + -oid suffix. Compare German Metalloide (Erman & Simon 1808, in Ann. der Physik 28 347), French métalloïde (Berzelius 1811, in Jrnl. de Physique 73 258), Swedish metalloïd (Berzelius 1812, in Kongliga Vetensk. Acad. Handl. (Stockholm) 33 34). Compare metalloidal adj.Erman and Simon used the word Metalloide for the alkali and alkaline earth metals (see sense A. 2), which Berzelius considered to be metals and specifically excluded from his group of metalloids. Chemistry. A. n. 1. Any of a group of chemical elements having some, but not all, of the typical properties of the metals. Also called semimetal.There has never been total consensus among chemists about which elements should be considered metalloids, but typical members of the group are arsenic, silicon, germanium, and tellurium. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > metalloid or semi-metal > [noun] metalloid1808 1808 Philos. Mag. 29 373 The metaloid obtained was highly inflammable, swam in rectified naphtha, but was difficultly separated from the potash. 1813 tr. J. J. Berzelius in Ann. Philos. 2 359 In the class of combustibles which I call metalloids, I use only the initial letters. For example S = sulphur, Sn = tin.., St = antimony..etc. 1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) v. 318 And then, adverting particularly to the unmetallic substances, he [sc. Berzelius] subdivides them into three classes, namely,—1. Permanently elastic or gaseous bodies (Gazolyta)... 2ndly. Metalloids: sulphur, phosphorus, carbon, boron, and silicon. 3rdly. Salifying substances (Halogenia). 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 476/1 The non-metallic elements are also sometimes termed metalloids, but this appellation..strictly belongs to certain elements which do not possess the properties of the true metals although they more closely resemble them than the non-metals in many respects. 1894 G. S. Newth Text-bk. Inorg. Chem. i. ii. 8 The element arsenic possesses many of the physical properties of a metal, but in its chemical relations it is more allied to the non-metals; such elements as these are often distinguished by the name metalloids. 1959 Nomencl. Inorg. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) 10 The word metalloid should not be used to denote non-metals. 1964 E. G. Rochow Organometallic Chem. (1965) ii. 10 There also are some elements which look like metals but are brittle and have the electrical properties of semiconductors; these are commonly called the metalloids. 1999 Toxicol. Sci. 49 5 While it [sc. arsenic] is known to be a human carcinogen, carcinogenesis in laboratory animals by this metalloid has never been convincingly demonstrated. †2. An alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Metalloid, a name sometimes applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and earths. 1837 J. Phillips Treat. Geol. I. 27 The remaining substances are metallic or metalloidal. Seven of them are earthy metals or metalloids. B. adj. Of, relating to, or of the nature of a metalloid. Also: having the form or appearance of metal. Cf. earlier metalloidal adj. ΚΠ 1836 W. Buckland Geol. & Mineral. I. iv. 41 The metalloid bases of the earths and alkalies. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) iv. 86 Other metalloid compounds of the alcohol radicals. 1942 M. C. Sneed & J. L. Maynard Gen. Inorg. Chem. xlvii. 1108 The interstices in a metal lattice are small, hence only the smallest metalloid atoms, C, N, B and H, can form such compounds and solid solutions. 1980 M. Crichton Congo 207 This was a lightweight metalloid mesh, more like cloth than wire. 1998 Jrnl. Industr. Microbiol. & Biotechnol. 20 1 Bacterial plasmids encode resistance systems for toxic metal and metalloid ions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1808
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