† meseladj.n.

Forms: Middle English meosel, Middle English meseile, Middle English mezel, Middle English missale, Middle English missel, Middle English musel, Middle English mysale, Middle English myssale, Middle English myssel, Middle English myssele, Middle English 1600s messel, Middle English 1600s messell, Middle English–1500s mesel, Middle English–1500s mesele, Middle English–1500s mesell, Middle English–1500s meselle, Middle English–1500s mesyl, Middle English–1500s mesyll, Middle English–1500s mysel, 1500s mesall, 1500s messille, 1600s measell, 1600s meazel, 1600s mesill, 1600s mezell, 1600s mezill, 1700s meazle; Scottish pre-1700 mesale, pre-1700 mesall, pre-1700 mesell, pre-1700 messell, pre-1700 misell, pre-1700 missaell, pre-1700 missale, pre-1700 missel, pre-1700 missell, pre-1700 mysal, pre-1700 mysale, pre-1700 mysel, pre-1700 mysell, pre-1700 myssaell, pre-1700 myssale, pre-1700 myssele, pre-1700 myssell.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mesel.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mesel, mesal, meseal, meseyl, messeal (as noun also mesele ), Old French mesel (late 12th cent. as adjective and noun; French mésel ) leprous, leper, (figurative) loathsome person (also as term of abuse), in Middle French also (of fish) diseased, (of swine) affected with measles (apparently only in regional use; compare measle adj., measles n. 2, and Middle French ladre ‘leprous’, ladrerie ‘leprosy’ in similar use from mid 16th cent.) < post-classical Latin misellus leper (1165, also in forms misella , mesellus ; from mid 13th cent. in British sources), use as noun of classical Latin misellus wretched, wretch < miser wretched (see miser adj.) + -lus, diminutive suffix (see -ellus suffix).Compare measles n. and discussion of form history s.v.

Obsolete.

A. adj.

1. Of a person: afflicted with leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease; leprous. Also (in extended use): wretched, sinful, repulsive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > leprosy > afflicted with

leprous?c1225

meselc1300

leperc1400

meselinga1450

lazar1483

lazarous1536

leprosed1551

lepery1558

meselya1585

lepered1598

meseled1611

belepered1633

lazarly1634

leprosied1840

c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) 137 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 81 (MED) Sone þare-aftur-ward Musel he bi-cam.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 202 Naaman, þet wes mezel.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 14446 And o ten men þat war mesell,..he gaf til ilkan þair hele.

c1540 Image Ipocrysy iv, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 444 Oh mesell Mendicantes, And mangy Obseruauntes.

1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 357 Thou measell wretch.

2. Of an animal, esp. a fish: diseased. Cf. measle adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > [adjective] > of animals;ill

mesela1400

unkind1761

weedy1799

a1400 Chalmerlain Ayr xx, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) I. 335 Quhen þai opyn fische þai luke nocht quheder þai be mesale [L. leprosi] fische or wane.

c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Cij^v Utheris..brekis thaym self be thair fall, & growis mesall.

B. n.

a. A person with leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy > person

leprousc1275

meselc1300

lazar1340

lepera1398

Lazarus?a1513

meseled1526

lepress?1541

lazar-man1552

lepered1883

c1300 St. Julian Confessor (Laud) 16 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 255 (MED) With one worde he miȝte helen Meoseles.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8963 [She] wess þe meseles [v.rr. mysseles, myseles] vet echone.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8169 Thoru þe..sal þis mesele, Be sauf and sund of al vnhele.

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 122 As comoun as þe cartewey..To mynstrelis, to myselis.

?c1425 T. Hoccleve Minor Poems (1892) i. 232 He eet ther-of..But he ther-thurgh becam a foul mesel.

c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 366 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 233 Missale are clene mad alsa.

a1563 J. Bale King Johan (1969) ii. 2137 Both crypple, halte and blynde, Mad men and mesels.

b. In extended use: a repulsive or loathsome person.Used in the 17th and 18th centuries as a term of contempt or abuse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun]

mesela1400

scabbardc1440

slotterbugc1440

drivel1498

sow1508

wallydraigle?a1513

sloven1530

filthy1553

ketterela1572

slabberer1611

slubberdegullion1612

Grobian1621

slabberdegullion1653

slobber-chops1670

slate1718

haverel1720

slobberer1732

slummock1760

fleabag1805

slush1825

slob1876

trashbag1887

crumb1918

garbage can1925

hog1932

crud1940

sordid1959

grot1970

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11466 (MED) He þay ys yn dedly synne, Gostely he ys a mesyl with-ynne.

c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 797 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 168 Woost thow nat weel thow art a foul mesel? Telle out, let see shryue thee cleene and wel.

c1520 Wyse Chylde & Emperor Adrian (1860) 14 Those that sellen them [sc. benefices] shall be mesellys in the soule as Jesse [i.e. Giezi, Gehazi].

1605 London Prodigall C 2 b. Chil be abaffeled vp and downe for a messell and a scoundrel.

1606 N. Breton Choice, Chance, & Change sig. B1^v An old mezill will haue a misers tricke.

1701 T. D'Urfey Bath i. i. 8 The Meazle has nought but's Drawers on.

1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 4 What's me-an by that, ya long-hanjed Mea-zle?

2. Leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease; (in extended use) an affliction of any kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy

spittle-evil?c1225

leperc1275

meselrya1387

lepraa1398

mesela1400

leprosy?a1450

leprosityc1451

lepryc1475

leperhood1491

leperhead1493

leprousnessa1500

lazaryc1503

meselnessc1520

tyre1547

lepernessa1557

satyriasis1587

lazarousness1648

leontiasis1753

cocobay1788

Hansen's disease1938

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 11827 (MED) Ouer alle he [sc. Herod] was with mesel playne [a1400 Trin. Cambr. was he mesel plain].

a1425 (c1400) Primer (BL Add. 36683) in W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae (1882) III. 108 That thou fouche saaf to..releeue the meselis [L. miserias] of pore men and thrallis.

a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1002 Whan she had lyene a grete whyle she felle unto a mesell.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 244/2 Mesyll the sickenesse, mesellerie.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

mesel-cote n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > leper-house or lazaretto

mesel house?a1400

mesel-cote1402

malantary?a1425

maladerie1461

lazar-cote1470

lazar-house1530

lazaretto1549

lazarus-house1560

leper house1574

pest-house1594

lazaret1611

leprosery1792

leper asylum1818

leprosy1834

leprosarium1869

1402 Will of Bartholomew Neve (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/2A) Les meselcotes in Kentstrete.

mesel house n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > leper-house or lazaretto

mesel house?a1400

mesel-cote1402

malantary?a1425

maladerie1461

lazar-cote1470

lazar-house1530

lazaretto1549

lazarus-house1560

leper house1574

pest-house1594

lazaret1611

leprosery1792

leper asylum1818

leprosy1834

leprosarium1869

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 136 (MED) To meselle houses of þat same lond, þre þousand mark vnto þer spense he fond.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) iii. 21 And quhen perilis war apperand jn the landis—to byrn mysel housis & destroye perilous passagis.

C2.

mesel man n. a leper; a person suffering from leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease.

ΚΠ

a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 199 Crist Ȝyveþ hem power to hele mesele men.

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 4652 Ane horrible seke mesel man.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mesel
释义	† meseladj.n. Forms: Middle English meosel, Middle English meseile, Middle English mezel, Middle English missale, Middle English missel, Middle English musel, Middle English mysale, Middle English myssale, Middle English myssel, Middle English myssele, Middle English 1600s messel, Middle English 1600s messell, Middle English–1500s mesel, Middle English–1500s mesele, Middle English–1500s mesell, Middle English–1500s meselle, Middle English–1500s mesyl, Middle English–1500s mesyll, Middle English–1500s mysel, 1500s mesall, 1500s messille, 1600s measell, 1600s meazel, 1600s mesill, 1600s mezell, 1600s mezill, 1700s meazle; Scottish pre-1700 mesale, pre-1700 mesall, pre-1700 mesell, pre-1700 messell, pre-1700 misell, pre-1700 missaell, pre-1700 missale, pre-1700 missel, pre-1700 missell, pre-1700 mysal, pre-1700 mysale, pre-1700 mysel, pre-1700 mysell, pre-1700 myssaell, pre-1700 myssale, pre-1700 myssele, pre-1700 myssell. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mesel. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mesel, mesal, meseal, meseyl, messeal (as noun also mesele ), Old French mesel (late 12th cent. as adjective and noun; French mésel ) leprous, leper, (figurative) loathsome person (also as term of abuse), in Middle French also (of fish) diseased, (of swine) affected with measles (apparently only in regional use; compare measle adj., measles n. 2, and Middle French ladre ‘leprous’, ladrerie ‘leprosy’ in similar use from mid 16th cent.) < post-classical Latin misellus leper (1165, also in forms misella , mesellus ; from mid 13th cent. in British sources), use as noun of classical Latin misellus wretched, wretch < miser wretched (see miser adj.) + -lus, diminutive suffix (see -ellus suffix).Compare measles n. and discussion of form history s.v. Obsolete. A. adj. 1. Of a person: afflicted with leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease; leprous. Also (in extended use): wretched, sinful, repulsive. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [adjective] > leprosy > afflicted with leprous?c1225 meselc1300 leperc1400 meselinga1450 lazar1483 lazarous1536 leprosed1551 lepery1558 meselya1585 lepered1598 meseled1611 belepered1633 lazarly1634 leprosied1840 c1300 St. Matthew (Laud) 137 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 81 (MED) Sone þare-aftur-ward Musel he bi-cam. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 202 Naaman, þet wes mezel. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 14446 And o ten men þat war mesell,..he gaf til ilkan þair hele. c1540 Image Ipocrysy iv, in J. Skelton Poet. Wks. (1843) II. 444 Oh mesell Mendicantes, And mangy Obseruauntes. 1607 R. C. tr. H. Estienne World of Wonders 357 Thou measell wretch. 2. Of an animal, esp. a fish: diseased. Cf. measle adj. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > [adjective] > of animals;ill mesela1400 unkind1761 weedy1799 a1400 Chalmerlain Ayr xx, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1814) I. 335 Quhen þai opyn fische þai luke nocht quheder þai be mesale [L. leprosi] fische or wane. c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Cij^v Utheris..brekis thaym self be thair fall, & growis mesall. B. n. 1. a. A person with leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy > person leprousc1275 meselc1300 lazar1340 lepera1398 Lazarus?a1513 meseled1526 lepress?1541 lazar-man1552 lepered1883 c1300 St. Julian Confessor (Laud) 16 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 255 (MED) With one worde he miȝte helen Meoseles. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8963 [She] wess þe meseles [v.rr. mysseles, myseles] vet echone. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 8169 Thoru þe..sal þis mesele, Be sauf and sund of al vnhele. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 122 As comoun as þe cartewey..To mynstrelis, to myselis. ?c1425 T. Hoccleve Minor Poems (1892) i. 232 He eet ther-of..But he ther-thurgh becam a foul mesel. c1480 (a1400) St. John Baptist 366 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 233 Missale are clene mad alsa. a1563 J. Bale King Johan (1969) ii. 2137 Both crypple, halte and blynde, Mad men and mesels. b. In extended use: a repulsive or loathsome person.Used in the 17th and 18th centuries as a term of contempt or abuse. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirty person > [noun] mesela1400 scabbardc1440 slotterbugc1440 drivel1498 sow1508 wallydraigle?a1513 sloven1530 filthy1553 ketterela1572 slabberer1611 slubberdegullion1612 Grobian1621 slabberdegullion1653 slobber-chops1670 slate1718 haverel1720 slobberer1732 slummock1760 fleabag1805 slush1825 slob1876 trashbag1887 crumb1918 garbage can1925 hog1932 crud1940 sordid1959 grot1970 a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 11466 (MED) He þay ys yn dedly synne, Gostely he ys a mesyl with-ynne. c1422 T. Hoccleve Tale of Jerelaus (Durh.) l. 797 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 168 Woost thow nat weel thow art a foul mesel? Telle out, let see shryue thee cleene and wel. c1520 Wyse Chylde & Emperor Adrian (1860) 14 Those that sellen them [sc. benefices] shall be mesellys in the soule as Jesse [i.e. Giezi, Gehazi]. 1605 London Prodigall C 2 b. Chil be abaffeled vp and downe for a messell and a scoundrel. 1606 N. Breton Choice, Chance, & Change sig. B1^v An old mezill will haue a misers tricke. 1701 T. D'Urfey Bath i. i. 8 The Meazle has nought but's Drawers on. 1746 Exmoor Scolding (ed. 3) i. 4 What's me-an by that, ya long-hanjed Mea-zle? 2. Leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease; (in extended use) an affliction of any kind. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > leprosy spittle-evil?c1225 leperc1275 meselrya1387 lepraa1398 mesela1400 leprosy?a1450 leprosityc1451 lepryc1475 leperhood1491 leperhead1493 leprousnessa1500 lazaryc1503 meselnessc1520 tyre1547 lepernessa1557 satyriasis1587 lazarousness1648 leontiasis1753 cocobay1788 Hansen's disease1938 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 11827 (MED) Ouer alle he [sc. Herod] was with mesel playne [a1400 Trin. Cambr. was he mesel plain]. a1425 (c1400) Primer (BL Add. 36683) in W. Maskell Monumenta Ritualia Ecclesiae Anglicanae (1882) III. 108 That thou fouche saaf to..releeue the meselis [L. miserias] of pore men and thrallis. a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 1002 Whan she had lyene a grete whyle she felle unto a mesell. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 244/2 Mesyll the sickenesse, mesellerie. Compounds C1. General attributive. mesel-cote n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > leper-house or lazaretto mesel house?a1400 mesel-cote1402 malantary?a1425 maladerie1461 lazar-cote1470 lazar-house1530 lazaretto1549 lazarus-house1560 leper house1574 pest-house1594 lazaret1611 leprosery1792 leper asylum1818 leprosy1834 leprosarium1869 1402 Will of Bartholomew Neve (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/2A) Les meselcotes in Kentstrete. mesel house n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > places for the sick or injured > [noun] > hospital or infirmary > leper-house or lazaretto mesel house?a1400 mesel-cote1402 malantary?a1425 maladerie1461 lazar-cote1470 lazar-house1530 lazaretto1549 lazarus-house1560 leper house1574 pest-house1594 lazaret1611 leprosery1792 leper asylum1818 leprosy1834 leprosarium1869 ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 136 (MED) To meselle houses of þat same lond, þre þousand mark vnto þer spense he fond. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Knychthede (1993) iii. 21 And quhen perilis war apperand jn the landis—to byrn mysel housis & destroye perilous passagis. C2. mesel man n. a leper; a person suffering from leprosy or a similarly disfiguring skin disease. ΚΠ a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 199 Crist Ȝyveþ hem power to hele mesele men. c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 4652 Ane horrible seke mesel man. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1300
随便看	straight-stitching straight-stocked straight-tail straight-through straight-time straight-trunked straight-tube straight-tusked straight-up straight-up-and-down straight-veined straight-wing straight-winged straightacting straightahead straightarm straightarmed straightarming sterling sterling area sterling balances sterling bloc sterling block sterling group sterling mark