| 释义 |
measlesn. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch masels; Middle Low German maselen. Etymology: Either < Middle Dutch masels measles, formally the plural of masel blood-blister, pustule, spot on the skin (Dutch mazelen measles), or < Middle Low German maselen (plural) measles (the singular masel a red spot on the skin is extant but rarer; compare Old Saxon masala blood-blister, German regional (Mecklenburg) Masseln (plural) measles); both cognate with Old High German masala (Middle High German masel ) blood-blister (the Old High German and Old Saxon words both gloss post-classical Latin flemen , variant of phlegmon phlegmon n.), Swedish regional massel , masla (1538 as matzla ), and further with the German and Dutch forms noted s.v. masers n.; ultimately from the same Germanic base as mazer n.1 and mase n., which is tentatively identified by some scholars as being related to the Indo-European base meaning ‘rub, smear’ which is reflected, in extended form, by smite v. Compare also measlings n.Although originally distinct, this word has been strongly influenced in both pronunciation and spelling by mesel adj., a conflation which also (via measle adj.) gave rise to sense 2. The reverse process is seen in Middle Dutch maselsucht, variant of meselsucht leprosy after masel. I. In plural form. Usually with singular agreement; frequently with the. 1. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > measles a1325 (Arun.) (1857) 161 (MED) Les rugeroles [glossed] maseles [v.rr. maselinges, meselyn]. 1541 T. Elyot (new ed.) f. 80v Purpilles, measels, and small pockes. ?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond (1911) 237 I can cure the aggwe the Massels & the french pocke. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens i. xvii. 27 It is good..against..the small Pockes and Meselles. 1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye III. 351 Fumitorie..is good against the meazels. 1663 S. Butler i. iii. 257 From whence they start up chosen vessels, Made by Contact, as men get Meazles. 1696 No. 3224/3 The Princess of Piedmont is fallen ill of the Meazles. 1732 J. Arbuthnot i. 250 The Small-Pox, Meazles, and pestilential Fevers. 1802 8 28 The Measles usually makes its appearance at the commencement of the year. 1843 R. J. Graves xiv. 177 The measles-like eruption, [of typhus fever] appeared about the fifth day. 1877 F. T. Roberts (ed. 3) I. 143 Measles is decidedly infectious. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother (ed. 7) ix. 102 There are..many human diseases which are not encountered in animals; thus syphilis, measles,..leprosy, etc., are essentially diseases of man. 1970 M. Angelou xii. 78 Maybe it's the measles. They say they're going around the neighborhood. 1990 19 1073/1 In the camps a case of measles is defined as a generalized rash of three or more days duration, with a fever of at least 38.8°C.., and any one of the following: cough, coryza or conjunctivitis. 1996 A. Ostriker IV. 90 The Grapes of Wrath, A book my mother read me when I was Spotty with measles. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. iv. 37 in II Why the meazills, should you stand heere, with your traine [etc.]. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun] the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > eruptive diseases a1637 B. Jonson Timber 400 in (1640) III The Swyne dyed of the Measils. 1793 19 299 Is the small pox known among sheep? It is a little known, but not at all common.—Called the measles. 1844 H. Stephens II. 245 Pigs are subject to a cutaneous disease called measles, which is supposed to render the flesh unwholesome. 1955 S. H. Gaiger & G. O. Davies (ed. 4) 719 Cysticercosis and Measles are terms used to denote the presence of cysticercus cysts in the tissues of animals. 1967 T. G. Hungerford (ed. 6) 713 The cystic form or beef measles develops in the muscles of the animal. 1986 13 124 For the past ten years Cysticercus bovis (measles) infestation has proved to be on the increase in most parts of Botswana. 1988 D. C. Blood & V. P. Studdert Cysticercosis, infection with cystercerci [sic] in the intermediate hosts of a number of species-specific cestodes... Called also sheep measles, beef measles. 1992 A. Bell tr. M. Toussaint-Samat xiii. 416 Porcine measles, thought by classical writers to be leprosy, is actually the result of tapeworm cysts which cause ulcerations of the pig's tongue. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > associated with particular type of plant > trees 1674 J. Josselyn 190 Their fruit-trees are subject to two diseases, the Meazels,..and lowsiness. 1679 J. Evelyn (ed. 3) xxvii. 141 Trees (especially Fruit-bearers) are infested with the Measels. 1892 Measles, a disease of trees which causes the bark to become rough and irregular, and the branch finally to die. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [noun] > mottled appearance 1867 T. Sutton & G. Dawson 217 Measles. When prints are imperfectly fixed, the appearance presented is very similar to that of the same disease in the human subject. Hence the name. 1876 W. de W. Abney (ed. 3) 125 The cause of mealiness or ‘measles’ in the print. 1990 ‘J. Gash’ (1991) xv. 125 How do I get the measles out of an Indian paper print, Lovejoy?.. Measles is trade nickname for foxing, those brown spots..that trouble books, prints, and watercolors. II. As a count noun. 5. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > eruption > [noun] > spot of > spot of measles the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > measles a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add.) f. 307v Colour of skynne chaungyeþ..as it fareþ ofte in mesels, pokkes, woundes, and bocches. 1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover 277/2 Others take a fether, and dippe it in the saide water, and therwith they annoynte all the Measells of the Face when they are come forth. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. i. 81 So shall my Lungs Coine words till their decay, against those Meazels Which we disdaine should Tetter vs, yet sought The very way to catch them. View more context for this quotation 1676 J. Cooke (ed. 3) 739 Those little Pustles in the Skin, with a deep redness..are called Measles. 1772 W. Buchan (ed. 2) xxiv. 305 About the sixth or seventh day from the time of sickening, the measles begin to turn pale on the face. 1828 W. Carr (ed. 2) at Staddle A person's face is said to be staddled with measles. 1866 J. G. Saxe 43 When measles come handsomely out, The patient is safest, they say. 1929 S. Hoffenstein Mr Walter de la Mare in 147 The stars, like measles, fade at last. 1984 G. Jennings 671 The Lady Tofaa also had a red measle of paint on her forehead between her eyes. 1996 111 Like flowers with measles are the attractive maroon-spotted, bell-shaped, yellow blooms of this rather fine plant [sc. spotted gentian]. the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > measles (Harl. 221) 328 (MED) Masyl, or mazil, sekenesse: Serpedo, variola, volatica, secundum phisicos. 1483 (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 237 A Mesell, serpedo. a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 707 Hec serpedo, a mesylle. 1874 Oct. 345/2 Like the old woman who was weary of the monotonously good health of her family, this disciple of Galen is reported to have sighed once in awhile for ‘just a measle or two’. 1881 10 156 (note) It is possible that they may have been victims of the epidemic of measle. 1924 J. Galsworthy i. iii. 21 Fleur knew how catching the word was; it would run like a measle round the ring. 6. the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun] 1587 L. Mascall (1627) 273 Poultry dung, which also is ill for hogs, and will increase a measel among them. 1887 (ed. 7) ix. 259 The so-called measle of the pig is caused by the presence in the muscle of Cysticercus cellulosæ. the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [noun] > class Cestodes > member of > segmented > larva > which produces measles 1607 E. Topsell 682 The Measilles are called in Greeke Chalaza, in Latine Grandines, for that they are like haile-stones spred in the flesh, and especialy in the leaner part of the hog. 1614 S. Latham ii. xv. 107 Such setled curnels like vnto the mazels of a swine. 1863 W. Aitken (ed. 2) II. iii. 94–5 The first animal he experimented on died from a violent attack of the measle disease; and on dissection the muscles were found filled with measles, or imperfectly developed scolices. 1901 W. Osler (ed. 4) 367 The measles are more readily overlooked in beef than in pork, as they do not present such an opaque white colour. 1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton ii. 20 ‘Measles’—the cysts of tapeworm—are present in the tissues of a considerable proportion of the ungulates. the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > associated with particular type of plant > trees > excrescence or malformation 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 539 Oliue..hath another greefe and sorance called in Latin Clavus, Fungus or Patella (i. a Knur, Puffe, Meazil or Blister). 1611 J. Florio at Chiauo A meazell or blister growing on trees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.a1325 |
