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单词 meliorative
释义

meliorativeadj.n.

Brit. /ˈmiːlɪərətɪv/, U.S. /ˈmiljəˌreɪdɪv/, /ˈmiliəˌreɪdɪv/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: meliorate v., -ive suffix.
Etymology: < meliorate v. + -ive suffix. Compare French mélioratif serving to improve (13th cent. in Old French; in linguistic use 1897 as adjective, 1933 as noun, after péjoratif pejorative n. and adj.).
A. adj.
That improves or ameliorates; (Linguistics) giving or acquiring a more favourable meaning or connotation (opposed to pejorative). Also gen.: approbatory.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [adjective]
betteringc1625
meliorating1649
improving1650
enriching1674
ameliorating1767
ameliorative1796
meliorative1808
uprating1968
the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [adjective]
polarized1859
pejorativea1888
meliorative1902
1808 G. Edwards Plain Pract. Plan iii. 30 We..become savage in our hatred to the various meliorative processes.
1841 R. Oastler Fleet Papers I. xl. 314 Peel has no meliorative and restorative principle to propose.
1899 T. Veblen Theory of Leisure Class xi. 288 The ostensibly post-Darwinian concept of a meliorative trend in the process of evolution.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 678/1 The so-called meliorative and pejorative developments in word-meaning.
1916 F. Swinnerton Chaste Wife xvii. §2. 254 Its note had been meliorative rather than optimistic.
1954 M. A. Pei & F. Gaynor Dict. Linguistics 134 Meliorative suffix, a suffix which gives a word a more favorable or flattering connotation.
1967 R. A. Waldron Sense & Sense Devel. vii. 159 Shrewd is certainly most often a term of praise nowadays, though it comes from ME shrewede ‘wicked, vicious’..and passes through the ‘cunning, crafty’ stage before reaching its present mainly meliorative sense.
1973 Times Lit. Suppl. 8 June 647/3 His qualities were British, in the meliorative sense.
1997 Times 3 July ii. 43/4 London now became its most famous, crowd-pulling spokesman, supporting not only meliorative reform but violent revolution.
B. n.
Linguistics. A meliorative word, prefix, suffix, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > types of semantic change > [noun] > word which has undergone
pejorative1882
meliorative1933
loan-shift1950
1933 G. A. Van Dongen Amelioratives in Eng. I. 115 The delimitation of the scope of content displayed by those words..may result in the word becoming a meliorative or a pejorative.
1989 Bks. in Canada Dec. 8/2 The word ethnic itself is now considered derogatory in Ottawa, where officials have taken to using two new melioratives: people of European ancestry other than British, French, or Irish are called multicults, and all others are visi-mins.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1808
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