midgen.

Brit.

/mɪdʒ/, U.S.

/mɪdʒ/

Forms: early Old English mich, Old English micg, Old English mucka (rare), Old English mycg, Old English mygc, Old English mygg, early Middle English mugh, late Middle English migge, late Middle English–1500s mydge, late Middle English–1500s myge, 1500s mige, 1500s myghe, 1500s– midge; Scottish pre-1700 mege, pre-1700 meige, pre-1700 mydg, pre-1700 mydge, pre-1700 myge, pre-1700 myghe, pre-1700 1700s mig, pre-1700 1700s– midge, pre-1700 1800s mige, 1900s– mudge.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with (probably from several distinct Germanic bases) Middle Dutch mugghe, (rare) mucke (Dutch mug), Old Saxon muggia (Middle Low German mugge, German regional (Low German) mück, mügg), Old High German mucca, muck, mugga (Middle High German mucke, mücke, mugge, mügge, German Mücke), Norwegian mugg, myg, Old Swedish myg, neuter, mugga, mygga, feminine (Swedish mugga, mygg, mygga), Danish myg, and further with Old Icelandic mý, Norwegian (Nynorsk) my, Swedish regional my. Perhaps ultimately related to a number of forms in other Indo-European languages (showing various different extended forms of the same base), such as: ancient Greek μυῖα, classical Latin musca, Albanian mizë, all in sense ‘fly’.The rare Old English form mucka (one isolated attestation glossing Latin culex in a German manuscript of c1100) is probably influenced by Old High German.

a. A small insect resembling a gnat; (Entomology) any of numerous insects of the dipteran families Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae, which are commonly found in swarms near water or marshy areas.Midges of the family Ceratopogonidae are the ‘biting midges’; those of the family Chironomidae are the ‘non-biting midges’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > unspecified > small or gnat-like

midgeeOE

nit1547

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Nematocera > family Chironomidae > member of (midge)

midgeeOE

thunderbug1837

curse1889

midgy1893

chironomid1925

eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 39/1 Culix, mygg.

OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 81 Culex, micge.

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) 23 (table of contents) Wið gnættas & micgeas.

lOE Canterbury Psalter civ. 31 Dixit et venit cynomia et scinifes in omnibus finibus eorum : cweþ & kymþ mycgæs & gnettas o[n] eællum gemere hiræ.

c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 204/1 Culix, mugh.

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 465 Sometymes diseses man a migge or els a flee.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 80^v A myge, culex.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) civ. 29 He sayd & hundfle come and mydge..The mydge..is less than a fle.

c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Matt. xxiii. 24 Blind leidars, clengeand a myge, bot suelliand a camele.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 172 To knit hyr nettis and hir wobbys sle, Tharwith to caucht the myghe and littill fle.

1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. A v^v The smoke of it [sc. wormwood], dryueth away gnates or mydges.

1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1771 (margin) They are called Wall-lice, because they breed in Wals; but in true English they are called Midges, and in Latin Cimices.

1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 953 These small Summer Gnats..are properly called in English Midges.

1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 43 Culices..Gnats, & si parvi sunt Midges.

a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 88 Midges in the summer will fly about those walking abroad in a goodly attire, as well as about those in sordid apparel.

1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 21 The summer cauls were dancing here an' there, An' clouds of midges reeling in the air.

1808 W. Scott Let. 31 Oct. (1932) II. 116 There is a foundation for the other part of the story, though no larger than a midges wing.

1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 276 Midges (Nemocera) are usually slender with long antennæ, which in the males are often furnished with long hairs.

1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 170 The air was heavy, midges biting, thunder about.

1962 R. M. Gordon & M. M. J. Lavoipierre Entomol. for Students of Med. xxii. 148 Those members of the family Ceratopogonidae which suck blood are known to entomologists as ‘biting midges’, but in some parts of the world they are given local names, such as ‘punkies’.

1998 S. Faulks Charlotte Gray i. x. 106 While his right hand gripped the rod, he was waving his left back and forth by his neck to drive off the midges.

b. Usually with distinguishing word, esp. a plant name: any of a number of small flies whose larvae can be pests of plants, typically producing galls or damaging leaves; esp. a gall midge (family Cecidomyiidae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of

flyc1000

midget1815

dipter1828

midge1839

1839 J. H. Frere tr. Aristophanes Birds 33, in Metrical Version of Acharnians, Knights & Birds (1840) The Midges moreover, which canker and gall The figs and the fruit, if the Thrush is employ'd, By a single battalion will soon be destroyed.

1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects ii. 123 The Wheat Midge... The perfect insect has a distant [sic] resemblance to the common midge, but is smaller.

1854 J. Hogg Microscope ii. ii. 288 The appearance of gnats. The first that appear are called winter midges (Trichocera hyemalis).

1886 Times 18 Aug. 10/6 The wheat midge..produces the red maggots which so seriously damage the ripening ears of corn.

1899 G. H. Carpenter Insects 256 The Mycetophilidæ or Fungus-midges.

1909 Entomol. News 20 1 Our only described species of Cecidomyia comparable to the Monterey pine resin midge in general habits is C. (Diplosis) resinicola.

1924 J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xvi. 90 First there is the gall—an answer-back which the plant makes to the irritation which follows when the gall-midge lays an egg in the soft tissue.

1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xvii. 400 The clover-seed midge, Dasyneura leguminicola, is an important pest which destroys the seeds of red clover.

1996 Pract. Gardening June 91/1 Pear midge is a common pest in your area (Norfolk).

2. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern), esp. in earlier use. A small or insignificant person, esp. a small child.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > person

dwarfeOE

congeonc1230

go-by-ground?a1300

smalla1300

shrimpc1386

griga1400

gruba1400

murche1440

nirvil1440

mitinga1450

witherling1528

wretchocka1529

elf1530

hop-o'-my-thumb1530

pygmy1533

little person1538

manikin1540

mankin1552

dandiprat1556

yrle1568

grundy1570

Jack Sprat1570

squall1570

manling1573

Tom Thumb1579

pinka1585

squib1586

screaling1594

giant-dwarf1598

twattle1598

agate1600

minimus1600

cock sparrow1602

dapperling1611

modicum1611

scrub1611

sesquipedalian1615

dwarflinga1618

wretchcock1641

homuncio1643

whip-handle1653

homuncule1656

whippersnapper1674

chitterling1675

sprite1684

carliea1689

urling1691

wirling1691

dwarf man1699

poppet1699

durgan1706

short-arse1706

tomtit1706

Lilliputian1726

wallydraigle1736

midge1757

minikin1761

squeeze-crab1785

minimum1796

niff-naff1808

titman1818

teetotum1822

squita1825

cradden1825

nyaff1825

weed1825

pinkeen1850

fingerling1864

Lilliput1867

thumbling1867

midget1869

inch1884

shorty1888

titch1888

skimpling1890

stub1890

scrap1898

pygmoid1922

lofty1933

peewee1935

smidgen1952

pint-size1954

pint-sized1973

munchkin1974

1757 T. Smollett Reprisal ii. i Deel stap out your een! I'm nae sic midge but ye might a seen me in your porridge.

1796 R. Burns Buy Braw Troggin 2 By a thievish Midge They had been nearly lost.

1835 J. Galt Efforts 41 Resign'd To thole the midges of a clachan school.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. x. 261 A more spirited, bolder, keener gentleman than he was before that midge of a governess crossed him, you never saw.

1866 Reader 17 Mar. 276 As compared to the men and women about him he is a mere midge.

1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. II 193 ‘Hasto seen his woife?’ ‘Aye, hoo's nowt but a midge.’

a1897 T. E. Brown Coll. Poems (1900) i. 8 Dear John, what jokes you cracked! what tales you told! So garrulous to cheer your ‘little midges’.

1914 ‘High Jinks, Jr.’ Choice Slang 15 Midge, nonentity, a person of insignificant stature or intelligence.

1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ix. 170 Little 'uns..midge, nipper, penguin, pint-size.

1984 A. Maupin Babycakes xxiv. 103 Who's the midge?.. The runt lady who visits.

3. Angling. An artificial fly resembling a midge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of

moor flylOE

drake-flya1450

dub-flya1450

dun cut1496

dun fly1496

louper1496

red fly1616

moorish fly1635

palmer1653

palmer fly1653

red hackle1653

red palmer1653

shell-fly1653

orange fly1662

blackfly1669

dun1676

dun hackle1676

hackle1676

mayfly1676

peacock fly1676

thorn-tree fly1676

turkey-fly1676

violet-fly1676

whirling dun1676

badger fly1681

greenfly1686

moorish brown1689

prime dun1696

sandfly1700

grey midge1724

whirling blue1747

dun drake?1758

death drake1766

hackle fly1786

badger1787

blue1787

brown-fly1787

camel-brown1787

spinner1787

midge1799

night-fly1799

thorn-fly1799

turkey1799

withy-fly1799

grayling fly1811

sun fly1820

cock-a-bondy1835

brown moth1837

bunting-lark fly1837

governor1837

water-hen hackle1837

Waterloo fly1837

coachman1839

soldier palmer1839

blue jay1843

red tag1850

canary1855

white-tip1856

spider1857

bumble1859

doctor1860

ibis1863

Jock Scott1866

eagle1867

highlander1867

jay1867

John Scott1867

judge1867

parson1867

priest1867

snow-fly1867

Jack Scott1874

Alexandra1875

silver doctor1875

Alexandra fly1882

grackle1894

grizzly queen1894

heckle-fly1897

Zulu1898

thunder and lightning1910

streamer1919

Devon1924

peacock1950

1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) II. x. 311 Black-midge, or gnat. Dubbing, of the down of a mole.

1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling vi. 205 The Green Midge, a very delicate little insect.

1994 Sports Afield Sept. 37/2 Other aquatic surface flies worth stocking: a selection of midges, sizes 18 to 22.

†4. The young or fry of various fishes. Cf. mackerel-midge n. at mackerel n.¹ Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > rocklings > motella vulgaris (three-bearded rockling) > young

mackerel-midge1832

midge1832

1832 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 15 Midge (Ciliata glauca).

1832 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 16 It is the mackarel midge of our fishermen... For brevity's sake I have retained only the name Midge.

1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Midge,..A fry of various fishes.

†5. A kind of small one-horse fly or cab. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage > specific types of hackney carriage

noddy?1764

hack1769

Patent Safety1835

Patent Safety Cab1836

hansom cab1847

cab car1853

shoful1853

growler1865

midge1865

1865 C. M. Yonge Clever Woman I. ii. 52 One of the midges, or diminutive flies used at Avonmouth, came to the door.

1877 Rep. Provinc. 133 (E.D.D.) Small flys licensed to carry two or at most three persons, to be seen on all the cab-stands about Torquay, are almost always called Midges about that town.

1896 M. Oliphant Old Mr. Tredgold (1898) ii. 16 [Isle of Wight] A midge is not a graceful nor perhaps a very safe vehicle.

†6. Mining. = mistress n. 15. Cf. midgy n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp > used for a specific purpose or occasion

watching lamp1597

midge1883

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 168 Midges, lamps (not safety) carried by putters, &c.

1897 Pract. Teacher 18 231/2 Little wooden boxes called ‘midges’, the candle being fastened in with a lump of moist clay.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

midge larva n.

ΚΠ

1927 P. W. Claassen in Suppl. 16th Ann. Rep. State N.Y. Conservation Dept. 1926 39 Within the fungus growth were found..a very large number of midge larvae (Chironomidae).

1950 Sci. News 15 91 Some aquatic animals, such..as certain kinds of midge larvae..are able to live a long time in lake water almost completely devoid of oxygen.

1991 Sci. Amer. Feb. 45 (caption) Peter Guttman and his collaborators produced a view of the filamentary structure of a wet, unstained chromosome from a midge larva.

† midge-tail n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxii, in Poems (new ed.) 62 Sal-alkali o' Midge-tail clippings.

1878 J. H. Stirling Burns in Drama 22 To be sure! Some mair drink to wash awa a' thae midge-tail clippins and mite-horn shavins.

C2.

† midge cap n. regional Obsolete a veil worn by outdoor workers to protect the face from midges.

ΚΠ

1814 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 144 The labourers are under the necessity of wearing a sort of veil before their faces which they call midgecaps.

midge fly n. a midge.

ΚΠ

1806 ‘P. Pindar’ Tristia 36 The Bard, to kill a Midge-fly pours her Thunder.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 497 That day I grupped the sawmont wi' the wee midge-flee.

1927 Ecology 8 393 Great swarms of midge flies are common, and the surface of the water is often covered with shed cases.

1945 Ecol. Monogr. 15 379/1 Midge-fly larvae often are present in many hundreds or even thousands per square foot of bottom.

† midge grass n. English regional (northern) Obsolete the grass Yorkshire fog, Holcus lanatus.

ΚΠ

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 212 H. lanatus... Midge grass.—Meadows and pastures, common.

1879 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 8 454 Rough stalked Meadow-grass.., Holcus lanatus..is also called midge-grass.

midge net n. a fine net to keep off midges.

ΚΠ

OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 234 Conopeum, fleohnet uel micgnet.

2000 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 1 Apr. 11/1 Has Mr Kelsall heard of midge nets or midge-creams?

Derivatives

ˈmidge-like adv. and adj.

ΚΠ

1739 A. Nicol Nature without Art 23 My heart will midge-like dance and reel.

1882 Cent. Mag. July 360/2 The midge-like ‘skimmer of the sea’ called the catamaran, another recent nautical invention.

1964 M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxx. 465 The sandfly is a small yellowish midge-like insect with prominent wings.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	midge
释义	midgen. Brit. /mɪdʒ/, U.S. /mɪdʒ/ Forms: early Old English mich, Old English micg, Old English mucka (rare), Old English mycg, Old English mygc, Old English mygg, early Middle English mugh, late Middle English migge, late Middle English–1500s mydge, late Middle English–1500s myge, 1500s mige, 1500s myghe, 1500s– midge; Scottish pre-1700 mege, pre-1700 meige, pre-1700 mydg, pre-1700 mydge, pre-1700 myge, pre-1700 myghe, pre-1700 1700s mig, pre-1700 1700s– midge, pre-1700 1800s mige, 1900s– mudge. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with (probably from several distinct Germanic bases) Middle Dutch mugghe, (rare) mucke (Dutch mug), Old Saxon muggia (Middle Low German mugge, German regional (Low German) mück, mügg), Old High German mucca, muck, mugga (Middle High German mucke, mücke, mugge, mügge, German Mücke), Norwegian mugg, myg, Old Swedish myg, neuter, mugga, mygga, feminine (Swedish mugga, mygg, mygga), Danish myg, and further with Old Icelandic mý, Norwegian (Nynorsk) my, Swedish regional my. Perhaps ultimately related to a number of forms in other Indo-European languages (showing various different extended forms of the same base), such as: ancient Greek μυῖα, classical Latin musca, Albanian mizë, all in sense ‘fly’.The rare Old English form mucka (one isolated attestation glossing Latin culex in a German manuscript of c1100) is probably influenced by Old High German. 1. a. A small insect resembling a gnat; (Entomology) any of numerous insects of the dipteran families Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae, which are commonly found in swarms near water or marshy areas.Midges of the family Ceratopogonidae are the ‘biting midges’; those of the family Chironomidae are the ‘non-biting midges’. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of > unspecified > small or gnat-like midgeeOE nit1547 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Nematocera > family Chironomidae > member of (midge) midgeeOE thunderbug1837 curse1889 midgy1893 chironomid1925 eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 39/1 Culix, mygg. OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 81 Culex, micge. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) 23 (table of contents) Wið gnættas & micgeas. lOE Canterbury Psalter civ. 31 Dixit et venit cynomia et scinifes in omnibus finibus eorum : cweþ & kymþ mycgæs & gnettas o[n] eællum gemere hiræ. c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 204/1 Culix, mugh. c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 465 Sometymes diseses man a migge or els a flee. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 80^v A myge, culex. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) civ. 29 He sayd & hundfle come and mydge..The mydge..is less than a fle. c1520 M. Nisbet New Test. in Scots (1901) I. Matt. xxiii. 24 Blind leidars, clengeand a myge, bot suelliand a camele. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 172 To knit hyr nettis and hir wobbys sle, Tharwith to caucht the myghe and littill fle. 1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. A v^v The smoke of it [sc. wormwood], dryueth away gnates or mydges. 1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1771 (margin) They are called Wall-lice, because they breed in Wals; but in true English they are called Midges, and in Latin Cimices. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 953 These small Summer Gnats..are properly called in English Midges. 1668 W. Charleton Onomasticon Zoicon 43 Culices..Gnats, & si parvi sunt Midges. a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 88 Midges in the summer will fly about those walking abroad in a goodly attire, as well as about those in sordid apparel. 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 21 The summer cauls were dancing here an' there, An' clouds of midges reeling in the air. 1808 W. Scott Let. 31 Oct. (1932) II. 116 There is a foundation for the other part of the story, though no larger than a midges wing. 1896 J. W. Kirkaldy & E. C. Pollard tr. J. E. V. Boas Text Bk. Zool. 276 Midges (Nemocera) are usually slender with long antennæ, which in the males are often furnished with long hairs. 1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 170 The air was heavy, midges biting, thunder about. 1962 R. M. Gordon & M. M. J. Lavoipierre Entomol. for Students of Med. xxii. 148 Those members of the family Ceratopogonidae which suck blood are known to entomologists as ‘biting midges’, but in some parts of the world they are given local names, such as ‘punkies’. 1998 S. Faulks Charlotte Gray i. x. 106 While his right hand gripped the rod, he was waving his left back and forth by his neck to drive off the midges. b. Usually with distinguishing word, esp. a plant name: any of a number of small flies whose larvae can be pests of plants, typically producing galls or damaging leaves; esp. a gall midge (family Cecidomyiidae). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > member of flyc1000 midget1815 dipter1828 midge1839 1839 J. H. Frere tr. Aristophanes Birds 33, in Metrical Version of Acharnians, Knights & Birds (1840) The Midges moreover, which canker and gall The figs and the fruit, if the Thrush is employ'd, By a single battalion will soon be destroyed. 1840 J. Loudon & M. Loudon tr. V. Köllar Treat. Insects ii. 123 The Wheat Midge... The perfect insect has a distant [sic] resemblance to the common midge, but is smaller. 1854 J. Hogg Microscope ii. ii. 288 The appearance of gnats. The first that appear are called winter midges (Trichocera hyemalis). 1886 Times 18 Aug. 10/6 The wheat midge..produces the red maggots which so seriously damage the ripening ears of corn. 1899 G. H. Carpenter Insects 256 The Mycetophilidæ or Fungus-midges. 1909 Entomol. News 20 1 Our only described species of Cecidomyia comparable to the Monterey pine resin midge in general habits is C. (Diplosis) resinicola. 1924 J. A. Thomson Sci. Old & New xvi. 90 First there is the gall—an answer-back which the plant makes to the irritation which follows when the gall-midge lays an egg in the soft tissue. 1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xvii. 400 The clover-seed midge, Dasyneura leguminicola, is an important pest which destroys the seeds of red clover. 1996 Pract. Gardening June 91/1 Pear midge is a common pest in your area (Norfolk). 2. Chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern), esp. in earlier use. A small or insignificant person, esp. a small child. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily height > shortness > [noun] > person dwarfeOE congeonc1230 go-by-ground?a1300 smalla1300 shrimpc1386 griga1400 gruba1400 murche1440 nirvil1440 mitinga1450 witherling1528 wretchocka1529 elf1530 hop-o'-my-thumb1530 pygmy1533 little person1538 manikin1540 mankin1552 dandiprat1556 yrle1568 grundy1570 Jack Sprat1570 squall1570 manling1573 Tom Thumb1579 pinka1585 squib1586 screaling1594 giant-dwarf1598 twattle1598 agate1600 minimus1600 cock sparrow1602 dapperling1611 modicum1611 scrub1611 sesquipedalian1615 dwarflinga1618 wretchcock1641 homuncio1643 whip-handle1653 homuncule1656 whippersnapper1674 chitterling1675 sprite1684 carliea1689 urling1691 wirling1691 dwarf man1699 poppet1699 durgan1706 short-arse1706 tomtit1706 Lilliputian1726 wallydraigle1736 midge1757 minikin1761 squeeze-crab1785 minimum1796 niff-naff1808 titman1818 teetotum1822 squita1825 cradden1825 nyaff1825 weed1825 pinkeen1850 fingerling1864 Lilliput1867 thumbling1867 midget1869 inch1884 shorty1888 titch1888 skimpling1890 stub1890 scrap1898 pygmoid1922 lofty1933 peewee1935 smidgen1952 pint-size1954 pint-sized1973 munchkin1974 1757 T. Smollett Reprisal ii. i Deel stap out your een! I'm nae sic midge but ye might a seen me in your porridge. 1796 R. Burns Buy Braw Troggin 2 By a thievish Midge They had been nearly lost. 1835 J. Galt Efforts 41 Resign'd To thole the midges of a clachan school. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre III. x. 261 A more spirited, bolder, keener gentleman than he was before that midge of a governess crossed him, you never saw. 1866 Reader 17 Mar. 276 As compared to the men and women about him he is a mere midge. 1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner Gloss. Lancs. Dial.: Pt. II 193 ‘Hasto seen his woife?’ ‘Aye, hoo's nowt but a midge.’ a1897 T. E. Brown Coll. Poems (1900) i. 8 Dear John, what jokes you cracked! what tales you told! So garrulous to cheer your ‘little midges’. 1914 ‘High Jinks, Jr.’ Choice Slang 15 Midge, nonentity, a person of insignificant stature or intelligence. 1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ix. 170 Little 'uns..midge, nipper, penguin, pint-size. 1984 A. Maupin Babycakes xxiv. 103 Who's the midge?.. The runt lady who visits. 3. Angling. An artificial fly resembling a midge. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of moor flylOE drake-flya1450 dub-flya1450 dun cut1496 dun fly1496 louper1496 red fly1616 moorish fly1635 palmer1653 palmer fly1653 red hackle1653 red palmer1653 shell-fly1653 orange fly1662 blackfly1669 dun1676 dun hackle1676 hackle1676 mayfly1676 peacock fly1676 thorn-tree fly1676 turkey-fly1676 violet-fly1676 whirling dun1676 badger fly1681 greenfly1686 moorish brown1689 prime dun1696 sandfly1700 grey midge1724 whirling blue1747 dun drake?1758 death drake1766 hackle fly1786 badger1787 blue1787 brown-fly1787 camel-brown1787 spinner1787 midge1799 night-fly1799 thorn-fly1799 turkey1799 withy-fly1799 grayling fly1811 sun fly1820 cock-a-bondy1835 brown moth1837 bunting-lark fly1837 governor1837 water-hen hackle1837 Waterloo fly1837 coachman1839 soldier palmer1839 blue jay1843 red tag1850 canary1855 white-tip1856 spider1857 bumble1859 doctor1860 ibis1863 Jock Scott1866 eagle1867 highlander1867 jay1867 John Scott1867 judge1867 parson1867 priest1867 snow-fly1867 Jack Scott1874 Alexandra1875 silver doctor1875 Alexandra fly1882 grackle1894 grizzly queen1894 heckle-fly1897 Zulu1898 thunder and lightning1910 streamer1919 Devon1924 peacock1950 1799 tr. Laboratory (ed. 6) II. x. 311 Black-midge, or gnat. Dubbing, of the down of a mole. 1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling vi. 205 The Green Midge, a very delicate little insect. 1994 Sports Afield Sept. 37/2 Other aquatic surface flies worth stocking: a selection of midges, sizes 18 to 22. †4. The young or fry of various fishes. Cf. mackerel-midge n. at mackerel n.¹ Compounds 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > superorder Paracanthopterygii > order Gadiformes (cod) > [noun] > family Gadidae > rocklings > motella vulgaris (three-bearded rockling) > young mackerel-midge1832 midge1832 1832 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 15 Midge (Ciliata glauca). 1832 Mag. Nat. Hist. 5 16 It is the mackarel midge of our fishermen... For brevity's sake I have retained only the name Midge. 1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Midge,..A fry of various fishes. †5. A kind of small one-horse fly or cab. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles (plying) for hire > [noun] > hackney carriage > specific types of hackney carriage noddy?1764 hack1769 Patent Safety1835 Patent Safety Cab1836 hansom cab1847 cab car1853 shoful1853 growler1865 midge1865 1865 C. M. Yonge Clever Woman I. ii. 52 One of the midges, or diminutive flies used at Avonmouth, came to the door. 1877 Rep. Provinc. 133 (E.D.D.) Small flys licensed to carry two or at most three persons, to be seen on all the cab-stands about Torquay, are almost always called Midges about that town. 1896 M. Oliphant Old Mr. Tredgold (1898) ii. 16 [Isle of Wight] A midge is not a graceful nor perhaps a very safe vehicle. †6. Mining. = mistress n. 15. Cf. midgy n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp > used for a specific purpose or occasion watching lamp1597 midge1883 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining 168 Midges, lamps (not safety) carried by putters, &c. 1897 Pract. Teacher 18 231/2 Little wooden boxes called ‘midges’, the candle being fastened in with a lump of moist clay. Compounds C1. General attributive. midge larva n. ΚΠ 1927 P. W. Claassen in Suppl. 16th Ann. Rep. State N.Y. Conservation Dept. 1926 39 Within the fungus growth were found..a very large number of midge larvae (Chironomidae). 1950 Sci. News 15 91 Some aquatic animals, such..as certain kinds of midge larvae..are able to live a long time in lake water almost completely devoid of oxygen. 1991 Sci. Amer. Feb. 45 (caption) Peter Guttman and his collaborators produced a view of the filamentary structure of a wet, unstained chromosome from a midge larva. † midge-tail n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1787 R. Burns Death & Dr. Hornbook xxii, in Poems (new ed.) 62 Sal-alkali o' Midge-tail clippings. 1878 J. H. Stirling Burns in Drama 22 To be sure! Some mair drink to wash awa a' thae midge-tail clippins and mite-horn shavins. C2. † midge cap n. regional Obsolete a veil worn by outdoor workers to protect the face from midges. ΚΠ 1814 J. Hodgson in J. Raine Mem. J. Hodgson (1857) I. 144 The labourers are under the necessity of wearing a sort of veil before their faces which they call midgecaps. midge fly n. a midge. ΚΠ 1806 ‘P. Pindar’ Tristia 36 The Bard, to kill a Midge-fly pours her Thunder. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxv, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Apr. 497 That day I grupped the sawmont wi' the wee midge-flee. 1927 Ecology 8 393 Great swarms of midge flies are common, and the surface of the water is often covered with shed cases. 1945 Ecol. Monogr. 15 379/1 Midge-fly larvae often are present in many hundreds or even thousands per square foot of bottom. † midge grass n. English regional (northern) Obsolete the grass Yorkshire fog, Holcus lanatus. ΚΠ 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 212 H. lanatus... Midge grass.—Meadows and pastures, common. 1879 Hist. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club 8 454 Rough stalked Meadow-grass.., Holcus lanatus..is also called midge-grass. midge net n. a fine net to keep off midges. ΚΠ OE Antwerp Gloss. (1955) 234 Conopeum, fleohnet uel micgnet. 2000 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 1 Apr. 11/1 Has Mr Kelsall heard of midge nets or midge-creams? Derivatives ˈmidge-like adv. and adj. ΚΠ 1739 A. Nicol Nature without Art 23 My heart will midge-like dance and reel. 1882 Cent. Mag. July 360/2 The midge-like ‘skimmer of the sea’ called the catamaran, another recent nautical invention. 1964 M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) xxx. 465 The sandfly is a small yellowish midge-like insect with prominent wings. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
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