melaninn.

Brit.

/ˈmɛlənɪn/, U.S.

/ˈmɛlənən/

Forms: 1800s– melanin, 1800s– melanine.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: melano- comb. form, -in suffix¹.

Etymology: < melano- comb. form + -in suffix¹, after Italian melaina (B. Bizio 1825, in Giornale di fisico 8 105), derived by Bizio < ancient Greek μέλας black (see melano- comb. form) + ἀεί ever, always (see aeipathy n.). Compare German Melain (1825), Melanin (1854), French mélaïne (1846), mélanine (1855).For early use of the Italian form in an English context compare:1825 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Oct. 181 M. Bizio, during a chemical investigation of the ink of Sepia, has found reason to distinguish the black substance contained in it from all other substances,..and has called it Melaina. Quot. 1843 is from a book based on notes taken during lectures by Owen, which may account for the mis-spelling of Bizio's name.

Biochemistry.

Any of various dark brown or black animal or plant pigments, (now) spec. those of high molecular weight derived from phenolic compounds (esp. tyrosine) by the action of oxidase enzymes, and widely distributed in animal, plant, and fungal tissues (including human skin, hair, and eyes).Such pigments found in animals (also called eumelanin) are generally polymers of indole-5,6-quinone, while those in plants are generally related to catechol. Melanin protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation, and an increase in melanin is responsible for the ‘tanning’ of human skin exposed to sunlight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > black

melanin1843

meconium1890

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [noun] > pigment

melanin1843

the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > black > in disease

melanin1843

1843 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Invertebr. Animals 355 It [sc. the secretion in the ink-bag of a cephalopod] is affirmed by some chemists to contain a peculiar animal principle, which Vizio has termed ‘melanine’.

1855 G. Busk tr. C. Wedl Rudim. Pathol. Histol. ii. i. 118 Black pigment (melanin) [Ger. Melanin (1854)] appears in the form of reddish brown molecules.

1874 A. E. J. Barker tr. H. Frey Histol. & Histochem. of Man 53 We must be on our guard, however, not to confound the ordinary black pigment found in the human lungs with melanin [Ger. Melanin (1870)].

1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. i. 2 Melanæmia and malarial pigmentation are fully accounted for by the melanin-forming property of the plasmodium.

1923 Nature 3 Nov. 675/1 The presence of ‘dopa’..in the cocoons of night-butterflies and sawflies causes spontaneous formation of melanine when water is admitted.

1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. xxv. 405 In the arthropods, melanines are replaced by ommochromes.

1987 S. Bellow More die of Heartbreak 102 A gentleman in his eighties... Melanin spots covered his scalp.

1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) II. ii. 47/1 Exposure to ultraviolet light will increase the amount of melanin in the skin of all populations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	melanin
释义	melaninn. Brit. /ˈmɛlənɪn/, U.S. /ˈmɛlənən/ Forms: 1800s– melanin, 1800s– melanine. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: melano- comb. form, -in suffix¹. Etymology: < melano- comb. form + -in suffix¹, after Italian melaina (B. Bizio 1825, in Giornale di fisico 8 105), derived by Bizio < ancient Greek μέλας black (see melano- comb. form) + ἀεί ever, always (see aeipathy n.). Compare German Melain (1825), Melanin (1854), French mélaïne (1846), mélanine (1855).For early use of the Italian form in an English context compare:1825 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Oct. 181 M. Bizio, during a chemical investigation of the ink of Sepia, has found reason to distinguish the black substance contained in it from all other substances,..and has called it Melaina. Quot. 1843 is from a book based on notes taken during lectures by Owen, which may account for the mis-spelling of Bizio's name. Biochemistry. Any of various dark brown or black animal or plant pigments, (now) spec. those of high molecular weight derived from phenolic compounds (esp. tyrosine) by the action of oxidase enzymes, and widely distributed in animal, plant, and fungal tissues (including human skin, hair, and eyes).Such pigments found in animals (also called eumelanin) are generally polymers of indole-5,6-quinone, while those in plants are generally related to catechol. Melanin protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation, and an increase in melanin is responsible for the ‘tanning’ of human skin exposed to sunlight. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > black melanin1843 meconium1890 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [noun] > pigment melanin1843 the world > life > biology > substance > pigment > [noun] > human or animal pigments > black > in disease melanin1843 1843 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Invertebr. Animals 355 It [sc. the secretion in the ink-bag of a cephalopod] is affirmed by some chemists to contain a peculiar animal principle, which Vizio has termed ‘melanine’. 1855 G. Busk tr. C. Wedl Rudim. Pathol. Histol. ii. i. 118 Black pigment (melanin) [Ger. Melanin (1854)] appears in the form of reddish brown molecules. 1874 A. E. J. Barker tr. H. Frey Histol. & Histochem. of Man 53 We must be on our guard, however, not to confound the ordinary black pigment found in the human lungs with melanin [Ger. Melanin (1870)]. 1898 P. Manson Trop. Dis. i. 2 Melanæmia and malarial pigmentation are fully accounted for by the melanin-forming property of the plasmodium. 1923 Nature 3 Nov. 675/1 The presence of ‘dopa’..in the cocoons of night-butterflies and sawflies causes spontaneous formation of melanine when water is admitted. 1965 B. E. Freeman tr. A. Vandel Biospeleol. xxv. 405 In the arthropods, melanines are replaced by ommochromes. 1987 S. Bellow More die of Heartbreak 102 A gentleman in his eighties... Melanin spots covered his scalp. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) II. ii. 47/1 Exposure to ultraviolet light will increase the amount of melanin in the skin of all populations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1843
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