maximumn.adj.adv.

Brit.

/ˈmaksᵻməm/, U.S.

/ˈmæksəməm/

Inflections: Plural maxima, (rare) maximums.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin maximum, maximus, maxima.

Etymology: < classical Latin maximum, neuter of maximus greatest, superlative of magnus great (see magni- comb. form), formed from the same base as magnus and the comparative maior (see major adj. and n.¹). Compare French maximum (1706 as noun, 1793 in sense A. 4; 1830 as adjective).In sense A. 1 perhaps by reanalysis of post-classical Latin maxima maxima n. as neuter plural.

A. n.

I. Senses relating to maxim n.¹

†1. A maxim, an axiom; (perhaps also) an aphorism. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [noun]

truth1500

maxim?1530

head assertion1531

maximum1563

maxima1564

axiom1578

self-evident1675

truism1714

postulate1751

1563 T. Gale Enchiridion i. ix. f. 11^v, in Certaine Wks. Chirurg. It is a maximum in phisicke, that infirmities are taken away by their contraryes.

1841 ‘C. Selby’ (title) Maximums and speciments of William Muggins, natural philosopher and citizen of the world.

II. The highest value or extreme limit.

2. Mathematics. The greatest value which a variable or function takes, either in a particular neighbourhood or throughout its domain; (gen.) the largest element in a set. Also: a point at which a continuously varying quantity ceases to increase and begins to decrease; the value of a quantity at such a point.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function > value or set of values of

maximum1646

minimum1646

nullity1710

modulus1843

argument1865

zero1873

range1891

extremum1904

interpolate1920

1646 J. Pell Let. 21 May in J. Pell Corr. with C. Cavendish (2005) 480 To determine Maxima & Minima in all speculations Mathematicall.

1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 104 In Case it..passes through one or more Maximums or Minimums; then the several Parts of the Fluent, between any given Point and each Maximum or Minimum must be separately found by distinct Operations.

1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 306 If we would find the quantity ax−x² a maximum or minimum; make its fluxion equal to nothing.

1856 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 505 The declination has two easterly and two westerly maxima in the interval between two successive passages of the moon over the astronomical meridian.

1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) xii. 357 T = useful torque exerted by engine when F is a maximum.

1948 T. H. James & G. C. Higgins Fund. Photogr. Theory iv. 59 The curve representing developable density as a function of exposure passes through a maximum.

1978 K. Ahmad Trad. & Mod. Math. 83 A stationary point is a point at which dy/dx = 0. Maxima, minima and points of inflection are stationary points.

1989 E. J. Borowski & J. M. Borwein Dict. Math. 368 The negative numbers have no maximum, but the non-positive numbers have maximum 0.

3. The highest possible magnitude or quantity of something which is attained, attainable, or customary; an upper limit of magnitude or quantity. Formerly also: †the largest portion in which matter can exist (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum

maximity1651

maximum1663

outside1699

max1911

upper bound1917

ceiling1934

roof1939

1663 G. Harvey Archelogia Philosophica Nova II. i. vi. 30 There is a minimum and maximum in all natural bodies.

1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen 306 In the Works of the God of Nature, there is no Maximum or Minimum assignable, or conceiveable by us.

1755 J. Winthrop Earthquakes 28 Laws of this sort are sufficiently vindicated..if upon the whole they produce a maximum of good.

1806 P. Colquhoun Indigence 49 The art of conducting a nation to the maximum of happiness and the minimum of misery.

1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) i. ii. 137 The animal powers attain their maximum in cold climates.

1884 E. A. Abbott Flatland i. iii. 8 The greatest length or breadth of a full-grown inhabitant of Flatland may be estimated at about eleven of your inches. Twelve inches may be regarded as a maximum.

1902 T. M. Lindsay Church & Ministry in Early Cent. vii. 279 A strange compound of minimum of fact and maximum of theory.

1941 C. Graves Life Line 143 Their ages are as youthful as air crews. Thirty-two is considered the maximum.

1957 Guardian 9 Sept. 4/4 One needs..a maximum of brashness in out-staring curious sightseers.

1988 A. Storr School of Genius i. 11 Dependence is at its maximum at birth, when the human infant is most helpless.

4. An upper limit imposed by authority; (French History) an upper limit on the price for a commodity, esp. corn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum > maximum permitted

maximum1801

allowance1833

quota1891

quota1921

allowable1932

cap1947

rate cap1976

1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 172 Maximum, the maximum. A name given in France to a tariff, or list of articles of merchandize or consumption, with the highest prices fixed, beyond which the dealers in the several articles were to make no exaction.

1821 S. Smith in Wks. (1859) I. 352/1 The danger of insurrection is a circumstance worthy of the most serious consideration in discussing the propriety of a maximum.

1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) III. 197 They [sc. the farmers, 1793] were compelled to part with their grain at the price fixed by the maximum, which was calculated on the scale of prices before the Revolution.

1941 R. R. Palmer Twelve who Ruled x. 239 The Maximum of September 29 caused trouble from the start.

5. The highest value of temperature, barometric pressure, etc., attained or recorded within a particular period; the period during which such a value is attained.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum > maximum attained or recorded

maximum1806

1806 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Feb. in Writings (1984) 1159 He wintered in Lat. 47×20 and found the maximum of cold 43× below the zero of Fahrenheit.

1820 Q. Jrnl. Sci., Lit. & Arts Jan. 316 The maximum and minimum of temperature in the course of the twenty-four hours, as marked by a register thermometer.

1880 Daily News 18 Sept. 3/7 The maxima to-day were below 60 deg. in the Shetlands and Hebrides.

1902 Westm. Gaz. 16 June 5/2 The years of sunspot maximum.

1957 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 68 1895 The period..is now known as the hypsithermal interval, rather than by its former but less suitable designations (postglacial climatic optimum, thermal maximum).

1991 Constr. Weekly 27 Mar. 15/2 Pressures in the tunnel have reached a maximum of 0.7 bar.

6. Sport. In darts, snooker, etc.: the highest score attainable; an instance of achieving this.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > gaining points > score > unit in > specific

goose-eggc1394

love1742

seven1807

blank1867

maximum1986

1986 Darts World Sept. 58/1 There are dartboard designs painted on the walls..and on the wooden beams the number of maximums scored by the visiting stars are recorded.

1987 Speedway '87 Mar. 3/1 He became the first rider to complete maximums in every away British League match last year and finished with a record 35 maximums in all competitions.

1999 Daily Tel. (Electronic ed.) 22 Apr. ‘I went for it when I had made nine, the reds opened perfectly,’ said O'Sullivan, whose maximum was the ninth in front of television cameras.

B. adj. (attributive).

Of or relating to a maximum or maxima; that is a maximum; highest, greatest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > greatest in quantity, amount, or degree > maximum

uppermost1579

maxim1686

maximum1825

maximal1882

max1886

peak1903

maxed1978

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 138 From which it appears that sails weathered in the Dutch manner produced nearly a maximum effect.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. xxvi. 297 The isothermal lines of Europe and America entirely separate in the high latitudes, and surround two poles of maximum cold.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. ii. 49 There is a minimum period, when none are seen for weeks together, and a maximum period, when more are seen than at any other time.

1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. ii. 103 The heritors paying the maximum salary and the town paying £12 annually for the support of a master.

1938 R. K. Narayan Dark Room v. 62 The Company advertised its new scheme with the maximum noise.

1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter viii. 91 It was hard to see what would happen when all members of the staff had achieved the maximum promotion and..all pawns had become queens.

1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet (1978) vii. 72 Carry the leaves in such a way that each receives the maximum light and air.

1991 Business Traveller Jan. 63/4 There is no longer a maximum period of two years that one can be absent from the UK and still return as a permanent resident.

C. adv.

colloquial. At most; at the maximum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > at, in, or to maximum amount or degree

maximally1884

all out1919

maximumly1949

max1962

maximum1983

1983 N.Y. Times 5 Nov. 8/5 The terrorist looked like a boy of 20, maximum.

1989 J. Ashcroft Get Slim & Stay Slim viii. 100 Goals for salt:..Salted meat or salted fish only three times a week maximum.

1991 M. Atwood Wilderness Tips 3 He rents them out to the other boys, five minutes maximum, a nickel a look.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

maximum-security adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [adjective] > maximum-security

maximum-security1931

1931 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 157 35/1 For the maximum security group, defense requirements are of paramount importance.

1993 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) May 138/2 Harrelson's old man is still in the big maximum-security joint for the contract slaying of a federal judge in Texas.

C2.

maximum card n. Philately a postcard bearing the enlarged picture of a stamp, to which the stamp itself is affixed (often with a postmark), sold as a commemorative or collectors' item.

ΚΠ

1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Maximum card.

1978 Postcard Collectors Gaz. May 11 (advt.) Great Britain pre-post office issue Maximum cards... Each card bears a picture relating to each value of the stamp in the set, hence the Concorde set has three different cards. Maximum cards were first issued for the French market.

1994 Stamp & Coin Mart Mar. 36/1 The Emperor Penguins depicted on this month's maximum card are the largest of all penguins.

maximum likelihood n. Statistics the highest value attained by a likelihood function as the population parameters vary; frequently attributive with reference to a method of estimating parameters by maximizing the likelihood or likelihood ratio.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > likelihood

likelihood1921

maximum likelihood1922

likelihood ratio1931

likelihood function1932

the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > relating to likelihood

maximum likelihood1922

1922 R. A. Fisher in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 222 323 For the solution of problems of estimation we require a method which for each particular problem will lead us automatically to the statistic by which the criterion of sufficiency is satisfied. Such a method is, I believe, provided by the Method of Maximum Likelihood.

1937 L. H. C. Tippett Methods of Statistics (ed. 2) iii. 95 The maximum likelihood estimate of σ is found to be the standard deviation.

1990 Brain 113 490 A cumulative Gaussian curve was fitted to each set of frequency-of-seeing data by a maximum-likelihood procedure.

maximum-minimum thermometer n. (also maximum and minimum thermometer) a thermometer that records the maximum and minimum temperatures reached since it was last reset.

ΚΠ

1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 1 Jan. 30/2 Before leaving his quarters..he fixed in an exposed position a self-registering maximum and minimum thermometer.

1937 Ecol. Monogr. 7 450 All temperature determinations in streams were made with a centigrade maximum-minimum thermometer.

1973 Times 1 Dec. 14 Anyone who takes an intelligent interest in his garden should have a maximum-minimum thermometer.

maximum price n. a price for goods or services that may not legally be exceeded.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > other specific prices

subscription price1676

mint price1758

standard1778

pool price1789

O.P.1810

stumpage1835

mint value1839

maximum price1841

piece price1865

street price1865

supply price1870

base price1876

hammer-price1900

doorbuster1917

off-price1933

reference price1943

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 372 They were much given..to fixing maximum prices on provisions of every sort, but in respect to corn they did what was even worse.

1926 Encycl. Brit. III. 225/2 Various measures were taken during the war to restrict profiteering, especially in belligerent countries. These included the fixing of maximum prices, and in some cases of profit margins at each stage of production and distribution.

1993 Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy 9 Summer 42 Vertical restraints come under a number of guises. There is retail price maintenance by the manufacturer, both maximum price and minimum price.

maximum thermometer n. [compare French themomètre à maximum (1844)] a thermometer which records the highest temperature occurring since it was last reset.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument > self-registering or recording thermometers

thermometrograph1837

maximum thermometer1852

minimum thermometer1858

thermograph1881

telethermograph1889

bathythermograph1938

1852 Newton's London Jrnl. 41 402 An improved maximum thermometer.

1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. xv. 384 Two maximum thermometers are issued—one to observe the greatest heat in the sun; the other in the shade.

1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat i. 6 The maximum thermometer is calibrated from about 30°F. to 130°F.

Derivatives

ˈmaximumly adv. maximally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > at, in, or to maximum amount or degree

maximally1884

all out1919

maximumly1949

max1962

maximum1983

1949 M. Mead Male & Female xiii. 275 Maximumly efficient and pleasant plumbing.

1981 Christian Sci. Monitor 25 Feb. 21/2 Every door and window was maximumly secure.

1998 Washington Times 26 Dec. b4 Cosmic Capers offers maximum flexibility for the maximumly confused.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maximum
释义	maximumn.adj.adv. Brit. /ˈmaksᵻməm/, U.S. /ˈmæksəməm/ Inflections: Plural maxima, (rare) maximums. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin maximum, maximus, maxima. Etymology: < classical Latin maximum, neuter of maximus greatest, superlative of magnus great (see magni- comb. form), formed from the same base as magnus and the comparative maior (see major adj. and n.¹). Compare French maximum (1706 as noun, 1793 in sense A. 4; 1830 as adjective).In sense A. 1 perhaps by reanalysis of post-classical Latin maxima maxima n. as neuter plural. A. n. I. Senses relating to maxim n.¹ †1. A maxim, an axiom; (perhaps also) an aphorism. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > self-evident truth, axiom > [noun] truth1500 maxim?1530 head assertion1531 maximum1563 maxima1564 axiom1578 self-evident1675 truism1714 postulate1751 1563 T. Gale Enchiridion i. ix. f. 11^v, in Certaine Wks. Chirurg. It is a maximum in phisicke, that infirmities are taken away by their contraryes. 1841 ‘C. Selby’ (title) Maximums and speciments of William Muggins, natural philosopher and citizen of the world. II. The highest value or extreme limit. 2. Mathematics. The greatest value which a variable or function takes, either in a particular neighbourhood or throughout its domain; (gen.) the largest element in a set. Also: a point at which a continuously varying quantity ceases to increase and begins to decrease; the value of a quantity at such a point. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > function > value or set of values of maximum1646 minimum1646 nullity1710 modulus1843 argument1865 zero1873 range1891 extremum1904 interpolate1920 1646 J. Pell Let. 21 May in J. Pell Corr. with C. Cavendish (2005) 480 To determine Maxima & Minima in all speculations Mathematicall. 1743 W. Emerson Doctr. Fluxions 104 In Case it..passes through one or more Maximums or Minimums; then the several Parts of the Fluent, between any given Point and each Maximum or Minimum must be separately found by distinct Operations. 1806 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 5) II. 306 If we would find the quantity ax−x² a maximum or minimum; make its fluxion equal to nothing. 1856 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 146 505 The declination has two easterly and two westerly maxima in the interval between two successive passages of the moon over the astronomical meridian. 1946 L. Toft & A. T. J. Kersey Theory of Machines (ed. 5) xii. 357 T = useful torque exerted by engine when F is a maximum. 1948 T. H. James & G. C. Higgins Fund. Photogr. Theory iv. 59 The curve representing developable density as a function of exposure passes through a maximum. 1978 K. Ahmad Trad. & Mod. Math. 83 A stationary point is a point at which dy/dx = 0. Maxima, minima and points of inflection are stationary points. 1989 E. J. Borowski & J. M. Borwein Dict. Math. 368 The negative numbers have no maximum, but the non-positive numbers have maximum 0. 3. The highest possible magnitude or quantity of something which is attained, attainable, or customary; an upper limit of magnitude or quantity. Formerly also: †the largest portion in which matter can exist (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum maximity1651 maximum1663 outside1699 max1911 upper bound1917 ceiling1934 roof1939 1663 G. Harvey Archelogia Philosophica Nova II. i. vi. 30 There is a minimum and maximum in all natural bodies. 1740 G. Cheyne Ess. Regimen 306 In the Works of the God of Nature, there is no Maximum or Minimum assignable, or conceiveable by us. 1755 J. Winthrop Earthquakes 28 Laws of this sort are sufficiently vindicated..if upon the whole they produce a maximum of good. 1806 P. Colquhoun Indigence 49 The art of conducting a nation to the maximum of happiness and the minimum of misery. 1864 A. Bain Senses & Intellect (ed. 2) i. ii. 137 The animal powers attain their maximum in cold climates. 1884 E. A. Abbott Flatland i. iii. 8 The greatest length or breadth of a full-grown inhabitant of Flatland may be estimated at about eleven of your inches. Twelve inches may be regarded as a maximum. 1902 T. M. Lindsay Church & Ministry in Early Cent. vii. 279 A strange compound of minimum of fact and maximum of theory. 1941 C. Graves Life Line 143 Their ages are as youthful as air crews. Thirty-two is considered the maximum. 1957 Guardian 9 Sept. 4/4 One needs..a maximum of brashness in out-staring curious sightseers. 1988 A. Storr School of Genius i. 11 Dependence is at its maximum at birth, when the human infant is most helpless. 4. An upper limit imposed by authority; (French History) an upper limit on the price for a commodity, esp. corn. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum > maximum permitted maximum1801 allowance1833 quota1891 quota1921 allowable1932 cap1947 rate cap1976 1801 W. Dupré Lexicographia-neologica Gallica 172 Maximum, the maximum. A name given in France to a tariff, or list of articles of merchandize or consumption, with the highest prices fixed, beyond which the dealers in the several articles were to make no exaction. 1821 S. Smith in Wks. (1859) I. 352/1 The danger of insurrection is a circumstance worthy of the most serious consideration in discussing the propriety of a maximum. 1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) III. 197 They [sc. the farmers, 1793] were compelled to part with their grain at the price fixed by the maximum, which was calculated on the scale of prices before the Revolution. 1941 R. R. Palmer Twelve who Ruled x. 239 The Maximum of September 29 caused trouble from the start. 5. The highest value of temperature, barometric pressure, etc., attained or recorded within a particular period; the period during which such a value is attained. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > the greatest amount or quantity > quality of being maximal > maximum > maximum attained or recorded maximum1806 1806 T. Jefferson Let. 11 Feb. in Writings (1984) 1159 He wintered in Lat. 47×20 and found the maximum of cold 43× below the zero of Fahrenheit. 1820 Q. Jrnl. Sci., Lit. & Arts Jan. 316 The maximum and minimum of temperature in the course of the twenty-four hours, as marked by a register thermometer. 1880 Daily News 18 Sept. 3/7 The maxima to-day were below 60 deg. in the Shetlands and Hebrides. 1902 Westm. Gaz. 16 June 5/2 The years of sunspot maximum. 1957 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. 68 1895 The period..is now known as the hypsithermal interval, rather than by its former but less suitable designations (postglacial climatic optimum, thermal maximum). 1991 Constr. Weekly 27 Mar. 15/2 Pressures in the tunnel have reached a maximum of 0.7 bar. 6. Sport. In darts, snooker, etc.: the highest score attainable; an instance of achieving this. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > winning, losing, or scoring > [noun] > gaining points > score > unit in > specific goose-eggc1394 love1742 seven1807 blank1867 maximum1986 1986 Darts World Sept. 58/1 There are dartboard designs painted on the walls..and on the wooden beams the number of maximums scored by the visiting stars are recorded. 1987 Speedway '87 Mar. 3/1 He became the first rider to complete maximums in every away British League match last year and finished with a record 35 maximums in all competitions. 1999 Daily Tel. (Electronic ed.) 22 Apr. ‘I went for it when I had made nine, the reds opened perfectly,’ said O'Sullivan, whose maximum was the ninth in front of television cameras. B. adj. (attributive). Of or relating to a maximum or maxima; that is a maximum; highest, greatest. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > greatest in quantity, amount, or degree > maximum uppermost1579 maxim1686 maximum1825 maximal1882 max1886 peak1903 maxed1978 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 138 From which it appears that sails weathered in the Dutch manner produced nearly a maximum effect. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. xxvi. 297 The isothermal lines of Europe and America entirely separate in the high latitudes, and surround two poles of maximum cold. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. ii. 49 There is a minimum period, when none are seen for weeks together, and a maximum period, when more are seen than at any other time. 1876 J. Grant Hist. Burgh Schools Scotl. ii. ii. 103 The heritors paying the maximum salary and the town paying £12 annually for the support of a master. 1938 R. K. Narayan Dark Room v. 62 The Company advertised its new scheme with the maximum noise. 1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter viii. 91 It was hard to see what would happen when all members of the staff had achieved the maximum promotion and..all pawns had become queens. 1974 A. J. Huxley Plant & Planet (1978) vii. 72 Carry the leaves in such a way that each receives the maximum light and air. 1991 Business Traveller Jan. 63/4 There is no longer a maximum period of two years that one can be absent from the UK and still return as a permanent resident. C. adv. colloquial. At most; at the maximum. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > at, in, or to maximum amount or degree maximally1884 all out1919 maximumly1949 max1962 maximum1983 1983 N.Y. Times 5 Nov. 8/5 The terrorist looked like a boy of 20, maximum. 1989 J. Ashcroft Get Slim & Stay Slim viii. 100 Goals for salt:..Salted meat or salted fish only three times a week maximum. 1991 M. Atwood Wilderness Tips 3 He rents them out to the other boys, five minutes maximum, a nickel a look. Compounds C1. General attributive. maximum-security adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [adjective] > maximum-security maximum-security1931 1931 Ann. Amer. Acad. Polit. & Social Sci. 157 35/1 For the maximum security group, defense requirements are of paramount importance. 1993 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) May 138/2 Harrelson's old man is still in the big maximum-security joint for the contract slaying of a federal judge in Texas. C2. maximum card n. Philately a postcard bearing the enlarged picture of a stamp, to which the stamp itself is affixed (often with a postmark), sold as a commemorative or collectors' item. ΚΠ 1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Maximum card. 1978 Postcard Collectors Gaz. May 11 (advt.) Great Britain pre-post office issue Maximum cards... Each card bears a picture relating to each value of the stamp in the set, hence the Concorde set has three different cards. Maximum cards were first issued for the French market. 1994 Stamp & Coin Mart Mar. 36/1 The Emperor Penguins depicted on this month's maximum card are the largest of all penguins. maximum likelihood n. Statistics the highest value attained by a likelihood function as the population parameters vary; frequently attributive with reference to a method of estimating parameters by maximizing the likelihood or likelihood ratio. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [noun] > likelihood likelihood1921 maximum likelihood1922 likelihood ratio1931 likelihood function1932 the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > relating to likelihood maximum likelihood1922 1922 R. A. Fisher in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 222 323 For the solution of problems of estimation we require a method which for each particular problem will lead us automatically to the statistic by which the criterion of sufficiency is satisfied. Such a method is, I believe, provided by the Method of Maximum Likelihood. 1937 L. H. C. Tippett Methods of Statistics (ed. 2) iii. 95 The maximum likelihood estimate of σ is found to be the standard deviation. 1990 Brain 113 490 A cumulative Gaussian curve was fitted to each set of frequency-of-seeing data by a maximum-likelihood procedure. maximum-minimum thermometer n. (also maximum and minimum thermometer) a thermometer that records the maximum and minimum temperatures reached since it was last reset. ΚΠ 1873 Appletons' Jrnl. 1 Jan. 30/2 Before leaving his quarters..he fixed in an exposed position a self-registering maximum and minimum thermometer. 1937 Ecol. Monogr. 7 450 All temperature determinations in streams were made with a centigrade maximum-minimum thermometer. 1973 Times 1 Dec. 14 Anyone who takes an intelligent interest in his garden should have a maximum-minimum thermometer. maximum price n. a price for goods or services that may not legally be exceeded. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > monetary value > price > [noun] > other specific prices subscription price1676 mint price1758 standard1778 pool price1789 O.P.1810 stumpage1835 mint value1839 maximum price1841 piece price1865 street price1865 supply price1870 base price1876 hammer-price1900 doorbuster1917 off-price1933 reference price1943 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 372 They were much given..to fixing maximum prices on provisions of every sort, but in respect to corn they did what was even worse. 1926 Encycl. Brit. III. 225/2 Various measures were taken during the war to restrict profiteering, especially in belligerent countries. These included the fixing of maximum prices, and in some cases of profit margins at each stage of production and distribution. 1993 Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy 9 Summer 42 Vertical restraints come under a number of guises. There is retail price maintenance by the manufacturer, both maximum price and minimum price. maximum thermometer n. [compare French themomètre à maximum (1844)] a thermometer which records the highest temperature occurring since it was last reset. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > measurement of temperature > [noun] > instrument > self-registering or recording thermometers thermometrograph1837 maximum thermometer1852 minimum thermometer1858 thermograph1881 telethermograph1889 bathythermograph1938 1852 Newton's London Jrnl. 41 402 An improved maximum thermometer. 1864 E. A. Parkes Man. Pract. Hygiene i. xv. 384 Two maximum thermometers are issued—one to observe the greatest heat in the sun; the other in the shade. 1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat i. 6 The maximum thermometer is calibrated from about 30°F. to 130°F. Derivatives ˈmaximumly adv. maximally. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > [adverb] > at, in, or to maximum amount or degree maximally1884 all out1919 maximumly1949 max1962 maximum1983 1949 M. Mead Male & Female xiii. 275 Maximumly efficient and pleasant plumbing. 1981 Christian Sci. Monitor 25 Feb. 21/2 Every door and window was maximumly secure. 1998 Washington Times 26 Dec. b4 Cosmic Capers offers maximum flexibility for the maximumly confused. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.adv.1563
随便看	tamarind plum tamarind tea tamarind water tamarind-fish tamarind-palmetto tamarind-pod tamarind-pot tamarind-pulp tamarind-seed tamarind-stone tamarind-tree tamarind-whey tamarindfish tamarindpalmetto tamarindpod tamarindpot tamarindpulp tamarinds tamarindseed tamarindstone tamarindtree tamarindwhey tamarine tamarins tamaris